With the increasing global clinical practice on the da Vinci single port robot platform, numerous researches have confirmed the safety and efficacy of da Vinci single port robot-assisted radical prostatectomy(SP-RARP). Recent researches on SP-RARP have more focused on studies of using different robotic platforms(da Vinci Si, Xi, and SP platforms, for instances), different approaches used in SP-RARP and the comparative result between the multi ports or single port RARP. This article aims to review the existing researches and explores the role and comparative advantages of the da Vinci single port robot platform—a relatively new but less widely used surgical robot platform—in radical prostatectomy, expecting to provide a foundation for possible surgical procedures specifically tailored to this SP platform in future researches.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and metabolic disorders is complex and highly associated. The impairment of adipogenic capacity in pre-adipocytes may promote adipocyte hypertrophy and increase the risk of further metabolic dysfunction. We hypothesize that intermittent hypoxia (IH), as a pathophysiologic feature of OSA, may regulate adipogenesis by promoting macrophage polarization. METHODS: Male C57BL/6N mice were exposed to either IH (240 seconds of 10% O₂ followed by 120 seconds of 21% O₂, i.e., 10 cycles/hour) or intermittent normoxia (IN) for 6 weeks. Stromal-vascular fractions derived from subcutaneous (SUB-SVF) and visceral (VIS-SVF) adipose tissues were cultured and differentiated. Conditioned media from cultured RAW 264.7 macrophages after air (Raw) or IH exposure (Raw-IH) were incubated with SUB-SVF during adipogenic differentiation. RESULTS: Adipogenic differentiation of SUB-SVF but not VIS-SVF from IH-exposed mice was significantly downregulated in comparison with that derived from IN-exposed mice. IH-exposed mice compared to IN-exposed mice showed induction of hypertrophic adipocytes and increased preferential infiltration of M1 macrophages in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) compared to visceral adipose tissue. Complementary in vitro analysis demonstrated that Raw-IH media significantly enhanced inhibition of adipogenesis of SUB-SVF compared to Raw media, in agreement with corresponding gene expression levels of differentiation-associated markers and adipogenic transcription factors. CONCLUSION: Low frequency IH exposure impaired adipogenesis of SAT in lean mice, and macrophage polarization may be a potential mechanism for the impaired adipogenesis.
Adipocytes ; Adipogenesis ; Animals ; Anoxia ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; In Vitro Techniques ; Inflammation ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Macrophages ; Male ; Mice ; Subcutaneous Fat ; Transcription Factors

Humans ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; pathology ; Specimen Handling