Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and it is the second leading cause of cancer mortality for women after lung cancer in Iran. Given the high prevalence of breast cancer, it is of crucial importance to determine reproductive risk factors of breast cancer. Methods: A total of 139 female patients suffering from breast cancer (the case group) and 279 healthy females (the control group) who were age-matched participated in the study over the period from March 2018 to March 2019. Demographic and reproductive variables, including the number of pregnancies, breastfeeding, history of oral contraceptive use, abortion history, age at first menstruation and age at first childbirth, were all recorded via survey. Conditional Logistic regression was employed to calculate OR (CI: 95%). Results: The mean age of breast cancer patients was 50.8 ± 8.31. First degree family history of breast cancer, History of oral contraceptive use and delaying first pregnancy drastically increased the chance of breast cancer whereas breastfeeding and menstruation after the age of 14 reduced the chance of breast cancer. Conclusion: The findings of this study reveal that the age at first birth, use of oral contraceptives, first degree family history of breast cancer and lack of breastfeeding have a significant relationship with breast cancer. Thus, women who have experienced such factors are susceptible to breast cancer and need to be prioritized for preventive treatments and screening.

Hospital staffs, particularly the one in direct contact with patients, have the highest rates of musculoskeletal disorders. Lack of physical activity and muscle weakness cause the complication. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the musculoskeletal disorders and the level of work activity in the staff of an educational hospital. Methods: A descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 312 staff in Ardebil Educational Hospital. The data collection methods were interviews, the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, and Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS19. Results: The subjects had a moderate level of physical activity. The highest level of physical activity occurred during work activities. Hospital staff experienced the most severe pain in their low back, knee and neck region over the last year. It was found that MSDs in the low back, shoulder, upper back, and knee regions significantly correlated with one’s physical activity. Conclusion: Work activity increases the risk of knee pain, shoulder pain, and LBP. Thus, hospital employee’s especially female workers are recommended to have reformed workstations, moderated physical activity loads, and regular exercises.

Introduction: Assessment of the performance of management systems is one of the main concerns of managers. The measure of success of an occupational health and safety management system is the ex-tent of its effectiveness. The effects of implementing an OHSMS on health and safety perfor-mance indices in a casting site located in Iran between 2015 and 2019 were examined. Methods: A retrospective descriptive-analytical study was conducted over five years on 21 depart-ments of a casting site. All the functional indices one year before the implementation of OHSAS 18001:2007 in 2015 until a year after the implementation (2019) were monitored and the data were analyzed using SPSS (v.19). Results: There was a significant decrease in occupational accidents after the implementation of OHSAS 18001:2007. Mechanical and ergonomic factors demonstrated significant improvements. There were improvements in the indices of opening health files for the personnel, personal protective equipment, education, instructions, legal requirements, commitment, and leadership. There was no significant change in chemical and physical factors. Conclusion: Implementation of the occupational health and safety manage-ment system was effective in the indices that needed managerial control with no or low expenses. However, it was not effective in indices in engineering and technical areas that needed more expenses.

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common debilitating causes in workers and the main reason for medical leaves. Medial leave brings health, social, and economic consequences for individuals and society. The relationship between medical leaves due to pain and discomfort in different parts of the body and physical activity level at work, practice of sport, and leisure time in workers in cement industry in 2019 was examined. Methods: A descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 150 workers of a cement factory. The participants were selected randomly. Data gathering tools were demographics form, Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, and Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire and the collected data was analyzed using SPSS (v.22). Results: The participants noted that the main painful areas over the past year were the waist, knee, ankle, and neck. There was a significant relationship between medical leave due to pain in the neck and overtime work. There was a significant relationship between the type of work activity and medical leave due to a pain in knee and ankle. Conclusion: The workers who used such medical leaves had a higher PAL at work. PAL at work increased the requests of medical leaves due to the pain in knee and waist. The PAL at sport practice decreased the rate of request for medical leave due to a pain in the Waist and Knee.

Introduction: Job burnout is a common phenomenon in health care employees who need to deal with and witness people’s problems and expectations. By definition, occupational cognitive failures appear as problems in performing daily tasks like forgetting them or having difficulty in focusing on them. The present study is an attempt to investigate the relationship between job burnout and occupation cognitive failures in nurses of educational hospitals. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was done in 2018 and consisted of nurses from the Ardebil Hospital (n= 2,250). Using the Cochran formula, 328 hospital nurses were selected from different units by simple random sampling method. The data were collected by two professional health experts through interviewing and completing demographic questionnaires, job burnout questionnaire, and occupational cognitive failure questionnaire. Statistical analyses was performed in SPSS19. Results: A total of 328 nurses participated in the study. The mean age of the subjects was 34±8 years, varying from 22 years to 58 years. Occupational cognitive failures increased with the increase in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization; while it decreased with an increase in individual accomplishment. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between occupational cognitive failure and different dimensions of job burnout. In addition, different dimensions of job burnout (Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal accomplishment) could be associated with possible errors in information processing (memory, attention, and functioning).