OBJECTIVES

This study aimed at determining the association of the clinical profile of patients with GDM to maternal and neonatal outcomes

METHODS

This single-center, retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional chart review was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Cebu City to 229 patients with GDM admitted from January 2021 to December 2022.

RESULTS

The study revealed several significant associations. Hypertension was strongly linked with primary cesarean section (OR: 4.32, P-value 0.004); and severe pre-eclampsia (OR: 16.97, P-value: 0.000). Gravidity showed significant correlations with Ballard’s score (P-value: 0.013), birthweight (P-value: 0.045) and 5-minute APGAR score (P-value: 0.001). Parity was associated with birthweight (P-value: 0.011) and 5-minute APGAR score (P-value: 0.001). Weight gain during pregnancy was linked to birthweight (P-value: 0.004) and occurrence of congenital anomalies (OR: 1.26, P-Value: 0.032). Additionally, prenatal smoking was associated with 5-minute APGAR score (P-value: 0.006). Moreover, having a Small for Gestational Age (SGA) fetal growth status is associated with insulin-requiring mothers, (OR: 4.79, P-Value: 0.049); and a family history of diabetes was significantly associated with insulin therapy (OR: 5.38, P-value: 0.021).

CONCLUSION

Patients' clinical profile affect maternal and neonatal outcomes among patients with GDM. Careful consideration of these factors during the perinatal period may help reduce maternal and fetal risks

Tertiary Care Centers ; Smoking ; Pregnancy ; Diabetes, Gestational ; Hypertension ; Apgar Score

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the correlation between admitting hyperglycemia and hospital outcome, on the length of hospital stay and mortality on patients who underwent PCI. Methodology: A single center, retrospective observational study involving patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). They were divided in four (4) groups according to presence of admission hyperglycemia (capillary blood glucose >140mg/dl) and presence of diabetes: Group 1 (patients with diabetes with admission hyperglycemia), Group 2 (patients without diabetes with admission hyperglycemia), Group 3 (patients with diabetes without admission hyperglycemia), and Group 4 (patients without diabetes without admission hyperglycemia). Length of hospital stay and mortality outcome were compared between four groups and in-hospital mortality related risk factors were analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis. Results: 133 patients were included in the analysis, of which 50% have admission hyperglycemia. The length of hospital stay was significantly longer in patients with admission hyperglycemia (12 vs 9 vs 7 vs 7 days, p= 0.006). The mortality rate between 4 groups were non-significant (14% vs 10% vs 9% vs 11%, p=0.272). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed the following were associated with increased mortality in patients who underwent PCI: age (odds ratio [OR] 1.1265, 95%CI 1.0497 – 1.2090, p=0.001), capillary blood glucose on admission (OR 1.0077, 95% CI 1.0015 – 1.0140, p= 0.015), presence of ST elevation on ECG (OR 16.5671, 95% CI 3.4161 – 80.344, p=<0.001). Conclusion An elevated admission capillary blood glucose, regardless of presence or absence of diabetes, was associated with longer length of hospital stay; however, it was not predictive of in-hospital mortality. Interestingly, patients with admitting hyperglycemia had earlier mortality.
Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction: Hypoglycemia is a burdensome complication in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM), and has been noted to be increasing. This study evaluated the occurrence of hypoglycemia and identified its risk factors among diabetic Filipino patients. Methods: Census of Filipino non-pregnant adults with type 2 DM of Chong Hua Hospital, admitted and discharged from January 2015 to June 2015 was taken. This study determined the incidence rate of hypoglycemia (capillary blood glucose <70 mg/dL), its severity, patients’ dietary status, medication, and the common hospital areas where hypoglycemia occurred. The clinical profiles of these patients were analyzed and associated risk factors of hypoglycemia were identified. Also, the incidence of congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, and allcause mortality among patients with hypoglycemia were determined. Results: Among 1,676 subjects, 8.9% had hypoglycemia predominantly non-severe type (blood glucose 51-69 mg/dL). The identified risk factors for the development of hypoglycemia were the following, age >65 years old (52.7% vs 36.2%, p<0.001), diabetes duration of 8.56 years (± 10.34 years), the presence of cardiovascular disease (62.7% vs 48.6%, p<0.001), congestive heart failure (8.7% vs 4.4%, p=0.009) and stage III, IV, V kidney disease (32.7% vs 25.1%, p=0.043, 12% vs 5.5%, p=0.002, 12% vs 4.1%, p<0.001, respectively), and the use of insulin whether combined with oral therapy (25.3% vs 16.5%, p<0.006) or used alone (34.7% vs 12.1%, p<0.001). Hypoglycemia occurred more frequently in the non-ICU ward (82.7%). Only one patient developed non-fatal myocardial infarction, one had nonfatal cerebrovascular disease and one had congestive heart failure. All-cause mortality rate was 4.7% Conclusion The notable incidence of in-hospital hypoglycemia of 8.9% among diabetic patients should be addressed to decrease the associated morbidity and mortality.
Hypoglycemia ; Diabetes Mellitus