Constipation,a common functional gastrointestinal disorder,not only severely impairs patients'quality of life but is also highly comorbid with psychiatric conditions such as anxiety and depression.Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota dysbiosis is a critical link connecting these two disease states.On one hand,dysbiosis exacerbates constipation by affecting host metabolism and intestinal function;on the other,it plays a central role in the pathophysiology of mood disorders.This complex interaction is primarily mediated through the"microbiota-gut-brain axis."Therefore,elucidating the intrinsic relationship among anxiety,depression,gut microbiota,and constipation has become a frontier of interdisciplinary research.

Constipation,a common functional gastrointestinal disorder,not only severely impairs patients'quality of life but is also highly comorbid with psychiatric conditions such as anxiety and depression.Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota dysbiosis is a critical link connecting these two disease states.On one hand,dysbiosis exacerbates constipation by affecting host metabolism and intestinal function;on the other,it plays a central role in the pathophysiology of mood disorders.This complex interaction is primarily mediated through the"microbiota-gut-brain axis."Therefore,elucidating the intrinsic relationship among anxiety,depression,gut microbiota,and constipation has become a frontier of interdisciplinary research.

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of glycosides of Cistanche(GCs)on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury(CIRI)in rats.Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided randomly into Sham,Model,GCs,and Nim groups.A rat model of focal CIRI was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion.Neurological function was scored using the Zea-Longa scoring method.The sensory and motor abilities of rats in each group were evaluated by sticker removal,balance beam,and open field tests.The area of cerebral infarction was detected by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining,Nissl staining was used to observe the morphology of nerve cells,and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling was used to detect apoptosis of nerve cells.Expression levels of the apoptosis-related proteins B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2 associated X(Bax),and cysteine aspartic protease-3(Caspase-3)were detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot.Results Compared with the Sham group,the neurological deficit score was significantly increased(P＜0.05)and the times to remove stickers and passing the balance beam were significantly increased(P＜0.05),motor ability was decreased,infarct size was increased,the number of neurons was decreased,and the number of apoptotic cells was increased after CIRI.Bax and Caspase-3 expression were significantly increased(P＜0.05)and Bcl-2/Bax was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with the Model group,GCs improved the behavioral performance of CIRI model rats,reduced the infarct size,inhibited cell apoptosis,down-regulated the expression of Bax and Caspase-3(P＜0.05),and up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2/Bax(P＜0.05).Conclusions GCs have a neuroprotective effect on CIRI,and may play a role in inhibiting cell apoptosis by regulating the expression of the apoptosis-related factors Bax,Bcl-2,and Caspase-3.

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of glycosides of Cistanche(GCs)on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury(CIRI)in rats.Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided randomly into Sham,Model,GCs,and Nim groups.A rat model of focal CIRI was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion.Neurological function was scored using the Zea-Longa scoring method.The sensory and motor abilities of rats in each group were evaluated by sticker removal,balance beam,and open field tests.The area of cerebral infarction was detected by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining,Nissl staining was used to observe the morphology of nerve cells,and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling was used to detect apoptosis of nerve cells.Expression levels of the apoptosis-related proteins B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2 associated X(Bax),and cysteine aspartic protease-3(Caspase-3)were detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot.Results Compared with the Sham group,the neurological deficit score was significantly increased(P＜0.05)and the times to remove stickers and passing the balance beam were significantly increased(P＜0.05),motor ability was decreased,infarct size was increased,the number of neurons was decreased,and the number of apoptotic cells was increased after CIRI.Bax and Caspase-3 expression were significantly increased(P＜0.05)and Bcl-2/Bax was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with the Model group,GCs improved the behavioral performance of CIRI model rats,reduced the infarct size,inhibited cell apoptosis,down-regulated the expression of Bax and Caspase-3(P＜0.05),and up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2/Bax(P＜0.05).Conclusions GCs have a neuroprotective effect on CIRI,and may play a role in inhibiting cell apoptosis by regulating the expression of the apoptosis-related factors Bax,Bcl-2,and Caspase-3.

ObjectiveTo determine the mechanism of Yitangkang in correcting excessive apoptosis of skeletal muscle cells to improve insulin resistance （IR） by inhibiting the advanced glycation end product （AGE）/receptor for the advanced glycation end product （RAGE） signaling pathway. Method① In vitro experiments. Yitangkang-medicated serum was prepared. C2C12 cells were divided into a blank group， a model group， high-， medium-， and low-dose Yitangkang-medicated serum groups （40， 20， and 10 g·kg^-1）， and a RAGE inhibitor group. The IR model was induced by palmitic acid in C2C12 cells except for those in the blank group. After the corresponding intervention methods were conducted，the cell viability and glucose consumption level of each group were determined. In addition，the apoptosis rate was determined using flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expression levels of the important apoptotic proteins ［B-cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， p53， cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-3 （Caspase-3）， and cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-9 （Caspase-9）］ were determined using Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot. ② In vivo experiments. Ninety-six eligible Wistar rats were divided into a blank group， a model group， high-，medium-，and low-dose Yitangkang groups （40， 20， and 10 g·kg^-1）， and a western medicine group （pioglitazone hydrochloride，1.35 mg·kg^-1）. The IR model was induced using high-glucose and high-fat feed for diabetes combined with intraperitoneal injection of low-dose streptozotocin （STZ） in animals and verified by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp （HEC） test. After the model was determined successfully， the rats in each group were given intragastric administration of drugs as required. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） assay was performed to determine the number of positive apoptotic cells in the skeletal muscle tissues of rats in each group，while Real-time polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） and Western blot were performed to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels of the important apoptotic proteins Bcl-2， Bax， p53， Caspase-3， and Caspase-9. Result① In vitro experiments. compared with the blank group， the model groups showed increased apoptosis rate of C2C12 cells and decreased cell viability and glucose consumption （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Yitangkang-medicated serum groups and the RAGE inhibitor group showed decreased apoptosis rate of C2C12 cells and increased cell viability and glucose consumption （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the model group showed decreased expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein in C2C12 cells and increased mRNA and protein expression levels of Bax， p53， Caspase-3， and Caspase-9 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Yitangkang-medicated serum groups and the RAGE inhibitor group showed increased expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein in C2C12 cells （P<0.01） and decreased mRNA and protein expression levels of Bax， p53， Caspase-3， and Caspase-9 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ② In vivo experiments. The number of positive apoptotic cells in the skeletal muscle tissues of rats in the model group significantly increased as compared with that in the blank group （P<0.01）. The number of positive apoptotic cells in the skeletal muscle tissues of rats in the Yitangkang groups and the western medicine group decreased as compared with that in the model group （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the model group showed decreased expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein in skeletal muscle tissues of rats and increased mRNA and protein expression levels of Bax， p53， Caspase-3， and Caspase-9 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Yitangkang groups and the western medicine group showed increased expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein in skeletal muscle tissues of rats （P<0.01） and decreased mRNA and protein expression levels of Bax， p53， Caspase-3， and Caspase-9 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The medium-dose Yitangkang showed a similar effect as RAGE inhibitor， and the effect was equivalent to that of pioglitazone hydrochloride. ConclusionYitangkang can inhibit skeletal muscle cell apoptosis by inhibiting the AGE/RAGE signaling pathway.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for hepatitis-related aplastic anemia (HRAA) patients. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia patients who received haplo-HSCT at our center between January 2012 and June 2022. October 30, 2022 was the final date of follow-up. Results: This study included 28 HRAA patients receiving allo-HSCT, including 18 males (64.3% ) and 10 females (35.7% ), with a median age of 25.5 (9-44) years. About 17 cases of severe aplastic anemia (SAA), 10 cases of very severe aplastic anemia (VSAA), and 1 case of transfusion-dependent aplastic anemia (TD-NSAA) were identified. Among 28 patients, 15 patients received haplo-HSCT, and 13 received MSD-HSCT. The 2-year overall survival (OS) rate, the 2-year failure-free survival (FFS) rate, the 2-year transplant-related mortality (TRM) rate, the 100-day grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) cumulative incidence rate, and the 2-year chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) cumulative incidence rate were 81.4%, 81.4% (95% CI 10.5% -20.6% ), 14.6% (95% CI 5.7% -34.3% ), 25.0% (95% CI 12.8% -45.4% ), and 4.2% (95% CI 0.6% -25.4% ), respectively. After transplantation, all patients had no significant liver function damage. Compared with the MSD-HSCT group, only the incidence of cytomegaloviremia was significantly higher in the haplo-HSCT group [60.0% (95% CI 35.2% -84.8% ) vs 7.7% (95% CI 0-22.2% ), P=0.004]. No statistically significant difference in the Epstein-Barr virus was found in the 2-year OS, 2-year FFS, 2-year TRM, and 100-day grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD cumulative incidence rates and 2-year cGVHD cumulative incidence rate. Conclusion: Allo-HSCT is safe and effective for HRAA, and haplo-HSCT can be used as a safe and effective alternative for newly diagnosed HRAA patients who cannot obtain HLA-matched sibling donors.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Treatment Outcome ; Anemia, Aplastic/therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Graft vs Host Disease/etiology* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects* ; Hepatitis/etiology* ; Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome ; Transplantation Conditioning

ObjectiveTo compare the therapeutic effects of oral Chinese medicines （including Chinese patent medicines） on coronary artery disease （CAD） by the Bayesian network Meta-analysis. MethodThe randomized controlled trials of treating CAD with oral Chinese medicines were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data， VIP， PubMed， Web of Science， Embase， and Cochrane Library from the inception to December 1， 2022. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included articles. The direct meta-analysis was performed to compare the performance of oral Chinese medicines alone and in combination with Western medicine in the treatment of CAD in terms of intima-media thickness （IMT）， vascular endothelial function， plaque score， hypersensitive C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）， total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， and total response rate. Furthermore， the Bayesian network Meta-analysis was performed to compare the therapeutic effects of different Chinese medicines. ResultA total of 41 articles were included. The direct meta-analysis results showed that Chinese medicines combined with Western medicine outperformed Western medicine alone in recovering all the indicators of CAD. The Bayesian network meta-analysis yielded the following results. In terms of the total response rate， modified Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang and Sanqi Huayu pills had obvious advantages over other Chinese medicines. In terms of IMT and plaque score， Xiaoban Huazhuo decoction， Yiqi Tongluo formula， Ruangan Jiangzhi capsules， and Guanxin Shutong capsules had obvious advantages over other Chinese medicines. In terms of blood lipid indicators， Shenqi Roumai mixture， Ruangan Jiangzhi capsules， Xiaoban Huazhuo decoction， Qiwei Sanxiong decoction， and Sanqi Huayu pills were superior to other Chinese medicines. The Chinese medicines above mainly had the functions of activating blood， resolving stasis， resolving phlegm， and dredging vessels. ConclusionThe combination of oral Chinese medicines and Western medicine is effective in treating CAD. Clinicians can use the drugs targeting abnormal indicators according to the results of this Bayesian network meta-analysis combined with the actual situation of patients to achieve better therapeutic effects.

AIM: To investigate the occurrence and influencing factors of capsular contraction syndrome(CCS)after cataract phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation.METHODS: A Retrospective study was conducted on the selected 1 987 patients(1 987 eyes)undergoing cataract phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation in the hospital between September 2018 and December 2021. According to the postoperative occurrence of CCS, they were divided into CCS group and non-CCS group. The clinical data in the two groups were compared. The influencing factors of CCS were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. And the predictive model was constructed.RESULTS: There were 38 eyes with postoperative CCS among the 1 987 cataract patients(1 987 eyes), with an incidence of 1.91%. The proportions of cases with age ≥65 years, diabetes mellitus, glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, uveitis and hydrophilic intraocular lens in CCS group were significantly higher than those in the non-CCS group(all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic stepwise forward regression analysis showed that age ≥65 years, diabetes mellitus, retinitis pigmentosa, uveitis and hydrophilic intraocular lens were risk factors of CCS after phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation(P<0.05). The predictive model constructed based on regression coefficients of the risk factors had good goodness of fit(P=0.421).CONCLUSION: Advanced age, diabetes mellitus, retinitis pigmentosa, uveitis and material properties of intraocular lens are important influencing factors of postoperative CCS.

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) can lead to lower back pain and may be even accompanied by scoliosis, neurological dysfunction and other complications, which will affect the daily activities and life quality of patients. Vertebral augmentation is an effective treatment method for OVCF, but it cannot correct unbalance of bone metabolism or improve the osteoporotic status, causing complications like lower back pain, limited spinal activities and vertebral refracture. The post-operative systematic and standardized rehabilitation treatments can improve curative effect and therapeutic efficacy of anti-osteoporosis, reduce risk of vertebral refracture, increase patient compliance and improve quality of life. Since there still lack relevant clinical treatment guidelines for postoperative rehabilitation treatments following vertebral augmentation for OVCF, the current treatments are varied with uneven therapeutic effect. In order to standardize the postoperative rehabilitation treatment, the Spine Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized relevant experts to refer to relevant literature and develop the "Guideline for postoperative rehabilitation treatment following vertebral augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (2022 version)" based on the clinical guidelines published by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) as well as on the principles of scientificity, practicality and advancement. The guideline provided evidence-based recommendations on 10 important issues related to postoperative rehabilitation treatments of OVCF.

ObjectiveTo explore the obstetric outcomes of pregnancies in women with kidney transplant. MethodsA retrospective study was done on 12 kidney transplant recipients who gave birth in the First Affiliated Hospital， Sun Yat-sen University between January 2015 and May 2021. The clinical data and obstetric outcomes were analyzed. ResultsAmong 12 kidney transplant recipients， 3 had full-term births and 9 preterm births. The mean maternal age was （32.3±4.5） years， with a mean period of （63.3±34.7） months after kidney transplantation. The mean gestation at birth was （34.8±2.3） weeks. All the recipients received tacrolimus， predinisone and azathioprine for immunosuppression during pregnancy， with effective range of tacrolimus blood concentration. Of 12 recipients， 6 switched from use of mycophenolate mofetil before pregnancy to Azathioprine in the first trimester. There were 7 cases of preeclampsia in the third trimester， 3 gestational diabetes mellitus， 4 moderate anemia， 2 mild anemia and 1 central placenta previa. Eleven cases had cesarean sections and one had vaginal spontaneous delivery. No case suffered postpartum hemorrhage and puerperal infection. Two cases developed renal graft dysfunction requiring hemodialysis 42 days after delivery. All the 12 live births were singleton and the mean birth weight was （2 348±698.8） g， with 7 with low birth wight and 8 transferred to neonatal intensive care unit （NICU）. All the newborns showed no birth defect and their average length of hospital stay was 14 days. They were artificially fed and no abnormality was found in their physical development， intelligence and immune system during follow-up. ConclusionDue to the high risk of pregnancy after kidney transplantation， multidisciplinary collaborative and individualized precise diagnosis and treatment are encouraged. The optimal pregnancy timing， close maternal/fetal monitoring and timely pregnancy termination could improve the obstetric outcomes in kidney transplant recipients.