Poliovirus receptor(PVR)family includes several immune checkpoint receptors such as T cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif structural domains(TIGIT),CD96 and CD226,and their ligands CD155 and CD112,etc.PVR family members have sequence homology and highly interact with each other for synergistic stimulatory or inhibitory effects,forming a complex immunomodulatory network together.The co-signaling network formed by PVR family members is of great significance and has become a major hot spot in hematologic tumor immunotherapy in recent years.This review describes the structure of PVR family members,their mechanism of action,research progress in hematological tumors,and their prospects for application in the immunotherapy of hematologic tumors.

Objective To explore the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D]and insulin resistance.Methods A total of 112 diabetic patients hospitalized in Department of Endocrinology,the Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan from June 2021 to December 2022 were selected as observation group by using random number table method,and 61 individuals in endocrinology clinic with normal blood glucose levels were selected as control group.The levels of 25(OH)D,blood glucose level,homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function(HOMA-β),thyroglobulin antibodies,and diabetes-related antibodies[insulin autoantibodies(IAA),islet cell antibody(ICA)and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody(GAD)]etc indexs were measured in two groups,and the correlation between 25(OH)D and blood glucose,thyroglobulin antibody,diabetes-related antibody and pancreatic function was analyzed.Results The level of 25(OH)D in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the level of 25(OH)D was negatively correlated with thyroglobulin antibodies,glycosylated hemoglobin,IAA,GAD,ICA,and HOMA-IR etc(P＜0.01)in all subjects,and positively correlated with gender and HOMA-β(P＜0.01).In observation group,the level of 25(OH)D was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR(P＜0.01)and positively correlated with HOMA-β(P＜0.01).Conclusion Insulin resistance and immune damage may be related to insufficient the level of serum 25(OH)D.It is suggested that individuals with diabetes and those at high risk of diabetes should supplement with vitamin D appropriately in the early stage.

Objective:To understand the status of bone health literacy in middle-aged and older female breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and analyze its influencing factors using structural equation modeling.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to select 250 middle-aged and older breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in two tertiary hospitals in Xi'an from May to October 2024. Patients were surveyed using a general information questionnaire, the Bone Health Literacy Scale for Middle-Aged and Older Women, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the correlations among bone health literacy, perceived social support, and self-efficacy.Results:A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed, and 239 valid questionnaires were recovered, yielding an effective response rate of 95.6% (239/250). The mean score of the Bone Health Literacy Scale among the 239 patients was (39.71±8.16). Bone health literacy was positively correlated with perceived social support and self-efficacy ( P<0.01). Perceived social support directly affected bone health literacy and could also indirectly influence it through general self-efficacy, with an indirect effect value of 0.367, accounting for 45.2% of the total effect (0.367/0.812) . Conclusions:Healthcare professionals should implement effective interventions to enhance patients' perceived social support and strengthen their self-efficacy, thereby improving bone health literacy.

Objective To explore the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D]and insulin resistance.Methods A total of 112 diabetic patients hospitalized in Department of Endocrinology,the Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan from June 2021 to December 2022 were selected as observation group by using random number table method,and 61 individuals in endocrinology clinic with normal blood glucose levels were selected as control group.The levels of 25(OH)D,blood glucose level,homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function(HOMA-β),thyroglobulin antibodies,and diabetes-related antibodies[insulin autoantibodies(IAA),islet cell antibody(ICA)and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody(GAD)]etc indexs were measured in two groups,and the correlation between 25(OH)D and blood glucose,thyroglobulin antibody,diabetes-related antibody and pancreatic function was analyzed.Results The level of 25(OH)D in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the level of 25(OH)D was negatively correlated with thyroglobulin antibodies,glycosylated hemoglobin,IAA,GAD,ICA,and HOMA-IR etc(P＜0.01)in all subjects,and positively correlated with gender and HOMA-β(P＜0.01).In observation group,the level of 25(OH)D was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR(P＜0.01)and positively correlated with HOMA-β(P＜0.01).Conclusion Insulin resistance and immune damage may be related to insufficient the level of serum 25(OH)D.It is suggested that individuals with diabetes and those at high risk of diabetes should supplement with vitamin D appropriately in the early stage.

Objective:To evaluate the preventive effect of an antimicrobial peptide spray on chemoradiotherapy-induced oral mu-cositis in patients with hematologic malignancies.Methods:From December 2021 to July 2023,a total of 191 newly diagnosed pa-tients with hematologic malignancies undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy at our hospital were included in the study.Patients were divided into a treatment group(n=124,received antimicrobial peptide spray)and a control group(n=67,received placebo spray).All patients underwent standardized chemoradiotherapy regimens and oral care.Outcomes compared between groups includ-ed the incidence and severity of oral mucositis,ulcer healing time,pain scores,antibiotic usage,inflammatory markers[C-reactive protein(CRP),procalcitonin(PCT)],duration of neutropenia,adverse events,and quality of life.Results:The incidence of oral mucositis in the treatment group was significantly lower than in the control group(12.90％vs.31.34％,P＜0.05),with a relative risk reduction(RRR)of 58.84％,absolute risk reduction(ARR)of 18.44％,and a number needed to treat(NNT)of 5.423.The treatment group showed shorter ulcer healing time,lower pain scores,reduced antibiotic usage and intensity,lower mean levels of CRP and PCT,and a shorter duration of neutropenia.The incidence of exacerbated local pain and drug-related adverse reactions was also significantly lower in the treatment group,compared to the control group(P＜0.05),with no evident systemic toxicity ob-served.Patients in the treatment group reported higher quality of life and satisfaction scores(both P＜0.05).Conclusion:The an-timicrobial peptide spray effectively reduces the incidence and severity of chemoradiotherapy-associated oral mucositis,mitigates in-flammation and infection risk,and improves quality of life.

Objective:To understand the status of bone health literacy in middle-aged and older female breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and analyze its influencing factors using structural equation modeling.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to select 250 middle-aged and older breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in two tertiary hospitals in Xi'an from May to October 2024. Patients were surveyed using a general information questionnaire, the Bone Health Literacy Scale for Middle-Aged and Older Women, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the correlations among bone health literacy, perceived social support, and self-efficacy.Results:A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed, and 239 valid questionnaires were recovered, yielding an effective response rate of 95.6% (239/250). The mean score of the Bone Health Literacy Scale among the 239 patients was (39.71±8.16). Bone health literacy was positively correlated with perceived social support and self-efficacy ( P<0.01). Perceived social support directly affected bone health literacy and could also indirectly influence it through general self-efficacy, with an indirect effect value of 0.367, accounting for 45.2% of the total effect (0.367/0.812) . Conclusions:Healthcare professionals should implement effective interventions to enhance patients' perceived social support and strengthen their self-efficacy, thereby improving bone health literacy.

Objective To report the individualized rehabilitation protocol administered to a patient suffering from corpus callosum injury subsequent to cerebral infarction,manifesting clinically as alien hand syndrome,attention deficits,spatial neglect and gait apraxia;and to emphasize the application of functional near infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)in the assessment of cerebral activation.Methods A 54-year-old male with corpus callosum damage following cerebral infarction was assessed by a comprehen-sive array of neuropsychological assessments,such as Mini-Mental State Examination,Montreal Cognitive As-sessment,Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test,etc.Based on these assessments,a personalized rehabilitation program was devised,incorporating physical therapy,occupa-tional therapy,task-oriented training,mirror therapy,computer-assisted cognitive training,as well as Schulte's square attention training,bilateral limb coordination training and transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS).fNIRS was used to evaluate changes in brain activation before and after rehabilitation.Results After more than a month of comprehensive rehabilitation,the patient experienced significant improvements in Alien hand syndrome,attention deficit and spatial neglect.Gait was normalized,and enhancements were ob-served in motor function,cognition and activity of daily living.fNIRS analysis revealed favorable alterations in cerebral activation patterns.Conclusion For the intricate symptoms associated with corpus callosum injury,a multidisciplinary rehabilitation ap-proach,particularly the incorporation of Schulte's square attention training,bilateral coordination exercises and TMS,alongside fNIRS for monitoring cerebral activation,showed significant rehabilitation effects.

Accurate characterization of the chemical composition of complex traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is an essential foundation for the modern scientific interpretation of TCM principles.Mass spectrometry is the most dominant technique in current research on the material basis of TCM,offering the highest sensitivity and the richest information provision.Establishing mass spectrometry databases represents the most effective approach to facilitating the structural analysis of TCM chemical components.This paper systematically searches and reviews literature published from January 2005 to January 2025 through online databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure,PubMed,and Web of Science,using"mass spectrometry database"and"traditional Chinese medicine"as keywords.It reviews the current status of seven TCM chemical component mass spectrometry databases and seven natural product mass spectrometry databases.The key advancements of these mass spectrometry databases for natural products are summarized,detailing their characteristics,search methodologies,included information,and data sources.Additionally,challenges related to data quality,standardization,timely updates,database interaction,retrieval functionality,and data sharing and security are discussed in depth.Furthermore,the paper explores prospective development directions for TCM mass spectrometry databases,emphasizing the importance of open data sharing,technological innovation,and data security.Through this analysis,the paper aims to offer theoretical guidance and practical recommendations for the precise identification of TCM components,as well as for the construction and application of these databases.

Objective:To evaluate the preventive effect of an antimicrobial peptide spray on chemoradiotherapy-induced oral mu-cositis in patients with hematologic malignancies.Methods:From December 2021 to July 2023,a total of 191 newly diagnosed pa-tients with hematologic malignancies undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy at our hospital were included in the study.Patients were divided into a treatment group(n=124,received antimicrobial peptide spray)and a control group(n=67,received placebo spray).All patients underwent standardized chemoradiotherapy regimens and oral care.Outcomes compared between groups includ-ed the incidence and severity of oral mucositis,ulcer healing time,pain scores,antibiotic usage,inflammatory markers[C-reactive protein(CRP),procalcitonin(PCT)],duration of neutropenia,adverse events,and quality of life.Results:The incidence of oral mucositis in the treatment group was significantly lower than in the control group(12.90％vs.31.34％,P＜0.05),with a relative risk reduction(RRR)of 58.84％,absolute risk reduction(ARR)of 18.44％,and a number needed to treat(NNT)of 5.423.The treatment group showed shorter ulcer healing time,lower pain scores,reduced antibiotic usage and intensity,lower mean levels of CRP and PCT,and a shorter duration of neutropenia.The incidence of exacerbated local pain and drug-related adverse reactions was also significantly lower in the treatment group,compared to the control group(P＜0.05),with no evident systemic toxicity ob-served.Patients in the treatment group reported higher quality of life and satisfaction scores(both P＜0.05).Conclusion:The an-timicrobial peptide spray effectively reduces the incidence and severity of chemoradiotherapy-associated oral mucositis,mitigates in-flammation and infection risk,and improves quality of life.

Objective:To explore the trend of influenza positive rate in Beijing by using classic autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, autoregressive integrated moving average model with exogenous variables (ARIMAX) and vector autoregression model (VAR) to compare the performance of three models in influenza prediction and select the most suitable one for Beijing.Methods:The weekly positive rate of influenza virus nucleic acid test and meteorological data in Beijing from week 1 of 2013 to week 40 of 2024 were collected. The data were divided into four groups with expanding training sets and corresponding testing sets. The training set of the first group was from week 1 of 2013 to week 40 of 2016, and the testing set was from week 41 of 2016 to week 40 of 2017. Subsequent groups extended the training set by one year each time. Data from 2020 to 2023 were excluded due to COVID-19 pandemic. The fourth group used data from the week 1 of 2013 to week 40 of 2023 for training and from the week 41 of 2023 to week 40 of 2024 for testing.Results:The incidence of influenza had seasonality in Beijing with higher incidence in winter and spring. The positive rate of influenza virus was positively correlated with the weekly average atmospheric pressure ( r=0.482, P<0.001) and weekly average wind speed ( r=0.003, P=0.034), and negatively correlated with the weekly average temperature ( r=-0.541, P<0.001). The ARIMAX model incorporating meteorological factors had the best prediction performance, with test set's root mean square error ( RMSE) of 0.115 3 and mean absolute error ( MAE) of 0.076 7 (the RMSE and MAE values for ARIMA and VAR models were 0.117 1 and 0.163 8, and 0.078 6 and 0.122 3, respectively). The prediction results of the optimal model showed that the positive rate of influenza virus would continue to rise in Beijing after October 2024 and reach peak in the second week of 2025, but the peak positive rate would be lower than that of previous influenza season. Conclusions:Compared with the ARIMA model and the VAR model,the ARIMAX model which used meteorological parameters is more suitable for prediction of long-term influenza trend in Beijing. The influenza trend peak was predicted to occur in the second week of 2025, but lower than that in previous influenza season.