ObjectiveThis study aims to compare the modeling effects of submaxillary gland antigen and salivary gland antigen in the establishment of Sjögren syndrome (SS) mouse models, and to characterize the phenotypic and immunological features of these models in comparison with spontaneous SS-prone non-obese diabetic (NOD)/LtJ mice. MethodsAdult C57BL/6J mice (equal numbers of males and females) were immunized with submaxillary gland antigen or salivary gland antigen, respectively, combined with Freund's adjuvant to induce SS models. Mice immunized with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) combined with Freund's adjuvant served as the control group. Immunization was induced via multiple subcutaneous injections in the back with antigen combined with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) on Days 1 and 7. A booster immunization was administered via multiple subcutaneous injections in the back with antigen combined with Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) on Day 14. Female NOD/LtJ mice were used as the spontaneous SS model group, with ICR mice as the corresponding control strain for comparative analysis. Body weight, water intake, and salivary flow rate of mice were dynamically monitored for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, tissue and serum samples were collected, the weights of submaxillary glands, thymus, and spleen were measured, and organ indices (organ-to-body weight ratios) were calculated. Pathological morphological analysis of the submaxillary gland and spleen was performed with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Serum interleukin-17 (IL-17) level was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of SS type A (SSA) and SS type B (SSB) in submaxillary gland tissues. ResultsFemale mice in the submaxillary gland antigen group exhibited significantly increased water intake (P<0.05) and reduced salivary flow rate (P<0.05) compared with the female control group. No statistically significant differences were observed in the submaxillary gland index, thymus index and spleen index (P>0.05). Focal lymphocytic infiltration was observed in the submaxillary glands, and the splenic marginal zone was enlarged. Serum IL-17 levels were significantly increased (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in submaxillary gland SSA/SSB expression levels (P>0.05). Compared with the female control group, female mice in the salivary gland antigen group showed no statistically significant differences in water intake, salivary flow rate, submaxillary gland index, and spleen index (P>0.05), whereas the thymus index was significantly reduced (P<0.01). Mild inflammatory cell infiltration and glandular atrophy were observed in the submaxillary glands, and the splenic white pulp and marginal zone were slightly enlarged. Serum IL-17 levels and submaxillary gland SSB mRNA expression levels were significantly increased (P<0.01), whereas no significant change was observed in submaxillary gland SSA expression levels (P>0.05). Compared with the male control group, mild submaxillary gland atrophy was observed in male mice in the submaxillary gland antigen group, whereas no obvious changes were found in other modeling-related indicators (P>0.05). Compared with the ICR control group, NOD/LtJ model mice exhibited elevated water intake (P<0.05), significantly reduced salivary flow rate (P<0.01), no significant differences in the submaxillary gland index or spleen index (P>0.05), but a significantly increased thymus index (P<0.05). Marked focal infiltration was observed in the submaxillary glands, the splenic marginal zone was obviously enlarged, and serum IL-17 concentrations as well as submaxillary gland SSA/SSB expression levels were significantly increased (P<0.05). ConclusionSubmaxillary gland antigen and salivary gland antigen can induce SS-related features in female C57BL/6J mice. The SS-related phenotype is more pronounced in the submaxillary gland antigen group than in the salivary gland antigen group, but weaker than that in spontaneously SS-prone female NOD/LtJ mice. Immunization of male C57BL/6J mice with submaxillary or salivary gland antigens fails to induce an obvious SS phenotype.

Abnormal synaptic plasticity is an early pathological feature of Alzheimer disease (AD). Synaptic damage and dysfunction initiate neuronal degeneration and death, ultimately leading to cognitive impairment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can effectively ameliorate cognitive dysfunction through multitarget regulation of synaptic plasticity. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which TCM, including active components, single herbs, and classical formulas, modulates synaptic plasticity, offering new insights for future research and clinical applications. Relevant experimental studies published between 2020 and 2024 were retrieved from major databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the National Science and Technology Library, Wanfang Data, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, PubMed, SpringerLink, and Web of Science. Network pharmacology and bioinformatics approaches were used to predict the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of TCM on AD-related synaptic plasticity. In total, 15 TCM single herbs and 11 TCM formulas were identified as enhancing AD-related synaptic plasticity. Additionally, 15 active ingredients targeting synaptic plasticity in AD were retrieved from TCM databases over the past decade. This review provides novel perspectives and strategic directions for future AD research and therapeutic development.

Objective: To accurately determine ABO blood groups through serological and molecular biological tests in patients whose forward typing was group O but who showed weak antibodies on one side of reverse typing, thereby ensuring precise transfusion. Methods: A total of 160 cases from 2023 to 2025 at Tianjin Blood Center, initially screened as O type with weak antibodies or missing antibodies on one side of reverse typing, were collected. Serological tests absorption-elution tests, and molecular biological tests were performed to accurately identify their ABO blood groups and ensure transfusion safety. Results: Among the 160 patients with forward typing as O type and weak antibodies on one side of reverse typing, 92 were identified as O type, 46 as ABO subtypes already named and recorded by ISBT (mainly including 18 cases of Ael02, 8 cases of AW37, and 9 cases of Bel03), 12 suspected as new alleles not yet recorded by ISBT (among which 5 were suspected to carry novel alleles that have not been recorded or reported in the literature), and 10 were suspected as weakened A/B antigens. Conclusion: In clinical transfusion, attention should be paid to cases with ABO forward-reverse discrepancy, where forward typing is O type and reverse typing shows weak antibodies on one side. These cases may involve ABO subtypes, and further testin is necessary to accurately determine the ABO blood group, achieve precise transfusion, and avoid blood wastage.

ObjectiveTo explore the latent profiles of sleep patterns and their association with gastrointestinal heat accumulation syndrome in preschool children in Beijing. MethodsA cross-sectional study design was adopted， and preschool children were recruited from 57 kindergartens in Beijing using convenience sampling. Sleep characteristics and gastrointestinal heat accumulation syndrome was assessed using the Chinese version of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children （SDSC） and Self-rating Diagnostic Scale for Gastrointestinal Heat Retention Syndrome in children （GHRS）. Latent profile analysis （LPA） was applied to identify distinct sleep-related subgroups， and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between different sleep profiles and gastrointestinal heat accumulation syndrome. ResultsA total of 6878 preschool children were included in the study. Among them， 3.46% of the children （238/6878） had sleep disorders， while 54.42% （3743/6878） had gastrointestinal heat accumulation. Compared to children without gastrointestinal heat accumulation syndrome， those with this syndrome exhibited a higher prevalence of sleep disorders， higher SDSC scores， higher T-transformed total scores， and higher scores across all dimensions， including disorders of initiating sleep， disorders of maintaining sleep， sleep hyperhidrosis， sleep breathing disorders， parasomnias， nonrestorative sleep and excessive somnolence （P＜0.01）. Latent profile analysis identified four distinct sleep characteristic profiles， which were the mixed high-symptom group （32.39%， 2228/6878）， sleep initiation and maintenance difficulty symptom group （49.07%， 3375/6878）， low-symptom group （14.19%， 976/6878）， and the group with no significant symptoms （4.35%， 299/6878）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the mixed high-symptom group， sleep initiation and maintenance difficulty symptom group， and low-symptom group were significantly associated with gastrointestinal heat accumulation syndrome. Among them， the mixed high-symptom group had the most significant association with gastrointestinal heat accumulation （OR=12.657， P＜0.001）， followed by the sleep initiation and maintenance difficulty symptom group （OR=4.964， P＜0.001）. ConclusionSleep characteristics in preschool children mainly present as composite patterns with different symptom combinations. Moreover， the sleep latent profiles of the mixed high-symptom group， the sleep initiation and maintenance difficulty symptom group， and the low-symptom group were significantly associated with gastrointestinal heat accumulation syndrome.

ObjectiveTo analyze the changes in infectious disease reporting timeliness before and after the implementation of the National Infectious Disease Intelligent Surveillance and Early Warning Pre-position Software (hereinafter referred to as “the pre-position software”) at Baoding Maternal and Child Health Hospital, and to evaluate its effectiveness in shortening reporting time and improving reporting timeliness. MethodsCase data of infectious diseases submitted by Baoding Maternal and Child Health Hospital to the National Disease Prevention and Control System during January to July 2024 (pre-implementation) and January to July 2025 (post-implementation) were selected. Overall differences in reporting timeliness between the two periods were compared, and stratified comparative analyses were performed by month, weekdays versus weekends/holidays, disease type, and population characteristics. ResultsBefore and after the implementation of the pre-position software, the hospital reported 623 and 587 infectious disease cases, respectively. Among the total 1 210 cases, 49.26% (596/1 210) had a reporting timeliness of <10 h. The highest number of reported cases fell into the 1 to <5 h range, accounting for 31.24% (378/1 210). There was a statistically significant difference in the composition of reported cases by reporting timeliness for infectious diseases in the hospital before and after the use of the pre-position software (χ²=27.38, P<0.001). Compared with January to July 2024, the median reporting timeliness in January to July 2025 was shortened by 3.77 h, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-3.50, P<0.001). In April (the fourth month after implementation), the median reporting timeliness was shortened by 9.00 h (Z=-3.17, P=0.002). On non-working days (Saturdays and Sundays), it was shortened by 7.64 h (Z=-5.69, P<0.001), and on public holidays, it was shortened by 7.21 h (Z=-3.71, P<0.001). For class C infectious diseases, the median time was shortened by 3.49 h (Z=-3.05, P=0.002). For scattered children, it was shortened by 4.95 h (Z=-3.78, P<0.001). All differences were statistically significant. ConclusionAfter the implementation of the pre-position software, the reporting timeliness for infectious diseases at Baoding Maternal and Child Health Hospital is shortened, with particularly notable reductions observed in April, on non-working days, for Class C infectious diseases, and for scattered children, indicating the reporting timeliness is improved. This study provides empirical references for the promotion and application of this software in medical institutions.

AIM:To compare the effect of AT TORBI 709M and Tecnis ZMT intraocular lenses on astigmatism correction in patients with corneal astigmatism at 3 mo after operation based on the standard astigmatism vector analysis.METHODS: This was a retrospective case-control study. The clinical data of 69 patients(69 eyes)with corneal astigmatism who underwent phacoemulsification and implantation of toric intraocular lens(IOL)from June 2021 to December 2021 in Day Surgery Center of Xi'an No.1 Hospital was analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups. In group one, 38 cases(38 eyes)were implanted with AT TORBI 709M, and 31 patients(31 eyes)with Tecnis ZMT in group two. The axial length, preoperative astigmatism and axis, and the degree of intraocular lens were recorded. The uncorrected distance visual acuity(UCDVA), best corrected distance visual acuity(BCDVA), diopter, residual astigmatism and axis were recorded preoperatively and at 1 wk, 1 and 3 mo postoperatively. The postoperative surgical indicators, including spherical equivalent(SE), target induced astigmatism vector(TIA), surgically induced astigmatism vector(SIA), magnitude of error(ME), absolute value of angle of error(|AE|), absolute value of difference vector(|DV|), correction index(CI), and index of success(IOS)were evaluated by the standard astigmatism vector analysis.RESULTS:Postoperative UCDVA and BCDVA were significantly improved(all P<0.001), and there were statistically significant differences compared to preoperative UCDVA and BCDVA(all P<0.001). While, there was no significant difference in UCDVA and BCDVA between the two groups(P=0.275, 0.124). The standard astigmatism vector analysis showed that a good astigmatism correction was achieved in both AT TORBI 709M group and Tecnis ZMT group, and both |DV| and IOS were close to 0(P=0.329, 0.288). The CI of the AT TORBI 709M group was closer to 1, indicating a better astigmatism correction, while the CI of the Tecnis ZMT group was higher than 1, suggesting an overcorrection of astigmatism. However, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(P=0.193). The mean residual astigmatism at 3 mo postoperatively was -0.11±0.91 D in the AT TORBI 709M group and -0.46±0.76 D in the Tecnis ZMT group, respectively, showing no statistically significance difference(t=1.732, P=0.088).CONCLUSION:Both the flat loop AT TORBI 709M and the double C-loop Tecnis ZMT intraocular lenses can effectively improve postoperative visual acuity in patients with regular corneal astigmatism, showing good rotational stability and comparable correction abilities for both astigmatism with the rule and against-the-rule astigmatism.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between parental psychological control and Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) among junior high school students, so as to provide evidence for preventing IGD development in adolescents. Methods: From August 2019 to February 2020, a survey was conducted among 1 169 junior high school students from three middle schools in Xian using stratified cluster sampling. The Parental Psychological Control Scale and IGD Scale were administered to assess parental psychological control and IGD prevalence. Univariate and binary Logistic regression analyses were used to explore IGD risk factors and their correlation with parental psychological control. Results: The detection rate of IGD in middle school students was 19.9%(184/1 169). Multivariate Logistic regression revealed that compared to those with lower parental psychological control scores(≤21 points), students with higher parental psychological control scores (>21 points) had a higher risk of IGD (OR=1.82, 95%CI=1.21-2.74), a 1.58fold higher risk of selfperceived gaming addiction (95%CI=1.07-2.30), as well as reduced likelihood of seeking external help to reduce gaming time (OR=0.66, 95%CI=0.47-0.94) (P<0.05). Conclusions Parental psychological control may elevate the risks of IGD and selfperceived addiction while diminishing proactive helpseeking behaviors to reduce gaming time. Parents should enhance communication with adolescents and provide positive guidance to mitigate potential gamingrelated harms.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect and mechanism of Zexie tang （ZXT） on reducing lipid accumulation through network pharmacology， and compare the difference of traditional decoction versus formula granules. METHODS The active components and targets of ZXT were identified using TCMSP and SwissTargetPrediction databases. GeneCards， OMIM， DisGeNET and TTD databases were used to analyze the related targets of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）； protein-protein interaction network model was constructed by String database；“ ZXT-NAFLD target-pathway” network diagram was constructed by using CytoScape software； target enrichment analysis was performed by using Metascape platform. Fat accumulation model of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells was established to observe the effects of traditional decoction and formula granules of ZXT on lipid accumulation of cells. RESULTS Alisol B， alisol C， 1-monolinolein and alisol B monoacetate were the key active components of ZXT in the treatment of NAFLD. The core targets included MDM2， MAPK1， PIK3CB， PRKCQ and MAPK14， etc. The core signaling pathways included endocrine resistance， insulin resistance and Th17 cell differentiation. Compared with model group， except for the Zexie formula granules group and Baizhu formula granules group， the absorbance values in all other administration groups were significantly decreased （P＜0.01）； the absorbance value of Baizhu traditional decoction group was significantly higher than that of ZXT traditional decoction group （P＜0.01）； the absorbance values of Zexie formula granule group and Baizhu formula granule group were significantly higher than that of ZXT formula granule group （P＜0.01）； the absorbance value of Zexie formula granule group was significantly higher than that of Zexie traditional decoction group （P＜0.01）； the absorbance value of Baizhu formula granule group was significantly higher than that of Baizhu traditional decoction group （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ZXT reduces lipid accumulation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through multiple components， multiple target and multiple pathways， and its traditional decoction and formula granules exhibit slightly different lipid-lowering effects.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the mechanism of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei E6 for improving vinorelbine-induced immunosuppression in zebrafish. METHODS: The intestinal colonization of L. paracasei E6 labeled by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) in zebrafish was observed under fluorescence microscope. In a zebrafish model of vinorelbine-induced immunosuppression, the immunomodulatory activity of L. paracasei E6 was assessed by analyzing macrophage and neutrophil counts in the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT), the number of T-lymphocyte, and the expressions of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). The contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in L. paracasei E6 fermentation supernatant and the metabolites of L. paracasei E6 in zebrafish were detected by LC-MS/MS-based targeted metabolomics. The immunomodulatory effects of the SCFAs including sodium acetate, sodium propionate and sodium butyrate were evaluated in the zebrafish model of immunosuppression. RESULTS: After inoculation, green fluorescence of FITC-labeled L. paracasei E6 was clearly observed in the intestinal ball, midgut and posterior gut regions of zebrafish. In the immunocompromised zebrafish model, L. paracasei E6 significantly alleviated the reduction of macrophage and neutrophil counts in the CHT, increased the fluorescence intensity of T-lymphocytes, and promoted the expressions of IL-12 and IFN-γ. Compared with MRS medium, L. paracasei E6 fermentation supernatant showed significantly higher levels of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, which were also detected in immunocompromised zebrafish following treatment with L. paracasei E6. Treatment of the zebrafish model with sodium acetate and sodium propionate significantly increased macrophage and neutrophil counts in the CHT and effectively inhibited vinorelbine-induced reduction of thymus T cells. CONCLUSIONS L. paracasei E6 can improve vinorelbine-induced immunosuppression in zebrafish through its SCFA metabolites acetic acid and propionic acid.
Animals ; Zebrafish/immunology* ; Acetic Acid/metabolism* ; Propionates/metabolism* ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum ZG03 (L. plantarum ZG03) for ameliorating oxidative stress in zebrafish. METHODS: We evaluated the growth pattern of L. plantarum ZG03, observed its morphology using field emission scanning electron microscopy, and assessed its safety and potential efficacy with whole-genome sequencing for genetic analysis. FITC-labeled ZG03 was used to observe its intestinal colonization in zebrafish. In a zebrafish model of 2% glucose-induced oxidative stress, the effect of ZG03 was evaluated by assessing the changes in neutrophils in the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based targeted metabolomics was used for analyzing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the zebrafish, and the antioxidant effects of the key metabolites (acetate, propionate, and caproate) were tested. RESULTS: On MRS agar, L. plantarum ZG03 formed circular, smooth, moist, and milky-white colonies with a rod-shaped cell morphology. Genomic analysis revealed abundant sugar metabolism gene clusters. After inoculation of FITC-labeled L. plantarum ZG03 in zebrafish, green fluorescence was clearly observed in the intestinal bulb, mid-intestine, and hind intestine. In zebrafish with glucose-induced oxidative stress, L. plantarum ZG03 significantly reduced ROS levels and the number of neutrophils in the CHT with increased SOD activity. L.plantarum ZG03 significantly increased the content of SCFAs including acetic acid, propionic acid, and caproic acid in zebrafish metabolites. In addition, sodium acetate, sodium propionate, and sodium caproate in the SCFAs significantly increased SOD activity in the zebrafish models. CONCLUSIONS L. plantarum ZG03 ameliorates oxidative stress in a glucose-induced zebrafish model through its metabolites, particularly the SCFAs including acetic acid, propionic acid and caproic acid.
Animals ; Zebrafish/metabolism* ; Oxidative Stress ; Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolism* ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism* ; Probiotics ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism*