Objective To analyze the relationship between implant placement methods and the change of alveolar crest mucosal thickness under different gingival thickness.Methods A total of 98 patients with posterior tooth loss from June 2022 to December 2022 were selected,and a total of 120 implants were implanted.There were 90 samples in the thin gingiva group(gingiva thickness＜3 mm)and 30 samples in the thick gingiva group(gingiva thickness≥3 mm).For the thin gingival cases,three different surgical meth-ods were used for one-stage implantation.Group A(32 teeth)received ridge trimming before implantation.In group B,30 implants were placed under the bone.In group C,28 teeth used tent technique to analyze the vertical soft tissue thickness changes of alveolar crest before and 3～4 months after osseointegration.Results The thin gingival group was treated with three different treatments A,B and C.The gingival thickness increased from Ha(1.96±0.35)mm,Hb(1.89±0.42)mm,Hc(1.96±0.29)mm to H'a(2.88±0.23)mm,H'b(2.93±0.30)mm,H'c(2.65±0.22)mm,respectively.The alveolar crest vertical mucosal thickness of the three groups increased significantly(P＜0.05).The increase in group A and B(about 1 mm)was slightly higher than that in group C(about 0.6 mm),while there was no significant difference between the control group Hd(3.60±0.24)mm and H'd(3.36±0.47)mm(P＞0.05).In addition,the intraoperative gingival thickness measurements(Ha,Hb,Hc,Hd)were basically consistent with the CBCT imaging measurements(HA,HB,HC,HD),and there was no significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion Careful analysis of the vertical thickness of the alveolar crest to the mucosa before implant surgery and selection of different implantation methods can increase the vertical thickness of the alveolar crest to the appropriate position,thereby maintaining the stability of the bone around the implant and improving the success rate of the implant.

Objective To analyze the relationship between implant placement methods and the change of alveolar crest mucosal thickness under different gingival thickness.Methods A total of 98 patients with posterior tooth loss from June 2022 to December 2022 were selected,and a total of 120 implants were implanted.There were 90 samples in the thin gingiva group(gingiva thickness＜3 mm)and 30 samples in the thick gingiva group(gingiva thickness≥3 mm).For the thin gingival cases,three different surgical meth-ods were used for one-stage implantation.Group A(32 teeth)received ridge trimming before implantation.In group B,30 implants were placed under the bone.In group C,28 teeth used tent technique to analyze the vertical soft tissue thickness changes of alveolar crest before and 3～4 months after osseointegration.Results The thin gingival group was treated with three different treatments A,B and C.The gingival thickness increased from Ha(1.96±0.35)mm,Hb(1.89±0.42)mm,Hc(1.96±0.29)mm to H'a(2.88±0.23)mm,H'b(2.93±0.30)mm,H'c(2.65±0.22)mm,respectively.The alveolar crest vertical mucosal thickness of the three groups increased significantly(P＜0.05).The increase in group A and B(about 1 mm)was slightly higher than that in group C(about 0.6 mm),while there was no significant difference between the control group Hd(3.60±0.24)mm and H'd(3.36±0.47)mm(P＞0.05).In addition,the intraoperative gingival thickness measurements(Ha,Hb,Hc,Hd)were basically consistent with the CBCT imaging measurements(HA,HB,HC,HD),and there was no significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion Careful analysis of the vertical thickness of the alveolar crest to the mucosa before implant surgery and selection of different implantation methods can increase the vertical thickness of the alveolar crest to the appropriate position,thereby maintaining the stability of the bone around the implant and improving the success rate of the implant.

Objective: To explore the relationship of self-injurious behavior with peer discrimination and depression among AIDS orphans, so as to provide the basis for promoting the mental health of AIDS orphans. Methods: From March 2021 to March 2022, 626 AIDS orphans from 5 counties in Henan Province were selected by stratified cluster random sampling methods. Non suicidal Self-injury assessment Tool, Discrimination Experience Scale, and Zung Self-rating Depression Scale were used to investigate AIDS orphans self-injurious behavior, peer discrimination and depression. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between self-injurious behavior and peer discrimination of AIDS orphans. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to explore the moderating effect of depression between self-injurious behavior and peer discrimination of AIDS orphans. Results: The detection rates of self-injurious behavior, peer discrimination and depression of AIDS orphans were 80.0%, 73.3% and 67.6 % respectively. The detection rates of the three items mentioned above were 86.9%, 81.5%, and 77.5% for double orphaned children, respectively, which were higher than 74.6%, 67.0%, and 59.8% for single orphaned children, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=21.29, 23.78, 14.23, P <0.01). The score of self-injurious behavior of AIDS orphans was positively correlated with peer discrimination and depression ( r=0.55, 0.40, P <0.01). Depression played a moderating role in the relationship between self-injurious behavior and peer discrimination of AIDS orphans ( β= 0.03, P <0.05). Conclusions AIDS orphans are more likely to engage in self-injurious behaviors after experiencing peer discrimination and psychological depression. The society and schools should adopt targeted intervention strategies to promote the mental health among AIDS orphans.

Acorus tatarinowii is the dried rhizome of the Araceae plant Acorus tatarinowii Schott.Acorus tata-rinowii was first recorded in Shennong's Classic of Mate-ria Medica.It was used for the treatment of epilepsy,amnesia,insomnia,tinnitus,deafness,silent diarrhea,and other diseases.Alzheimer's disease(AD),also known as senile dementia,is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system.It is mainly manifested as neuropsychiatric symptoms such as progressive memory impairment,cognitive dysfunction,personality changes and language disorders.Acorus tatarinowii mainly con-tains phenylpropylene,lignans,alkaloids,sugars,organic acids and amino acids,among which volatile compo-nents such as β-asarone are the main active compo-nents.The main mechanism of action of Acorus tatari-nowii in the prevention and treatment of AD is as follows:① Improve memory ability.Increasing the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)and adenosine cyclic phosphate response element binding protein(CREB)can improve cognitive dysfunction.Studies have shown that Acorus tatarinowii can increase the expression of BDNF,ERK,CREB and tyrosine receptor kinase B in the hippo-campus of mice to varying degrees.It can significantly improve the memory ability of memory-impaired mice,so as to achieve the purpose of prevention and treatment of AD.② Anti-oxidative stress.Studies have shown that Acorus tatarinowii can reduce the production of malondi-aldehyde in skeletal muscle,increase superoxide dis-mutase activity and total antioxidant capacity,and repair the balance of oxidative stress.③ Acetylcholinesterase inhibition.The loss of consciousness caused by deficiency of kidney essence in AD patients is related to the patho-logical changes of the cholinergic nervous system.The results showed that Acorus tatarinowii could significantly increase the contents of glutamate and acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex of AD model mice,and decrease the activity of acetylcholinesterase,to achieve the anti-AD effect.④ Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.The damage of neurons in the brain of AD patients is related to the excessive inflammatory immune response of nerve cells including microglia and astrocytes.The results showed that Acorus tatarinowii can inhibit the autophagy of microglia in rats with cerebral hemorrhage,and has neuroprotective effect,to achieve the effect of anti-AD.In this study,the effects of Acorus tatarinowii on AD were reviewed to further clarify its pharmacological ef-fects,and to provide a basis for clinical application and research.

Objective:To explore the interventional effect of β-sitosterol on ovalbumin(OVA)-induced allergic asthma rats and its potential mechanism.Methods:SD male rats were randomly divided into normal group(CON),model group(M),positive drug dexamethasone group(DEX,0.075 mg/kg)and β-sitosterol group(Sit,50 mg/kg).A rat model of allergic asthma was estab-lished by intraperitoneal injection of OVA with aluminum hydrogen solution,and nebulized inhalation of OVA to stimulate.Rats were given intragastric administration 30 min before aerosol challenge,and after continuous administration for 7 days,the indicators of cough and asthma and tracheal phenol red excretion were detected.HE staining was used to observe pathological changes of lung tis-sue.Flow cytometry was used to detect reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation,apoptosis level and ratios of Th17 and Treg cells in peripheral blood.Biochemical method was used to detect contents of MDA,and activities of T-SOD and GSH-Px in rat lung tissues.ELISA was used to detect levels of Th17 and Treg-related cytokines(TNF-α,IL-4,IL-6,IL-17A,and IL-35).Results:Compared with model group,β-sitosterol significantly prolonged the incubation period of cough and gasp in rats with allergic asthma,reduced the frequency of cough and gasping,and promoted the excretion of phenol red in trachea;significantly reduced inflammatory infiltration in lung tissue of asthmatic rats;observably reduced MDA content in lung tissue,ROS of primary lung cell and apoptosis levels of asthmatic rats,increased the activities of T-SOD and GSH-Px;markedly reduced proportion of Th17 cells and levels of pro-inflammatory cyto-kines TNF-α,IL-4,IL-6 and IL-17A,increased proportion of Treg cells and levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-35.Conclusion:β-sitosterol can ameliorate airway inflammation and oxidative damage in OVA-induced allergic asthmatic rats,and its mecha-nism may be related to the regulation of β-sitosterol on Th17/Treg immune imbalance and oxidative stress response.

Abstract: Objective To compare the application value of metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) with traditional culture in diagnosis of pulmonary infection pathogens. Methods　The clinical documents of 310 patients with suspected pulmonary infection admitted to the General Hospital of Center Theater Command from February 2021 to September 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The results of mNGS and traditional culture were analyzed, followed by comparison on the positive rate, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy (ACC), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) between the two methods. Results　 The study revealed that mNGS can simultaneously detect multiple pathogens, with the highest efficiency of detection for bacteria and the lowest for fungi. And the sequencing numbers of bacteria, fungi and viruses shown by mNGS were significantly different (H=70.361, P<0.001). In comparison, mNGS displayed a higher positive detection rate (88.40%) than traditional culture (29.70%) (χ2=162.373, P<0.001), but the consistency between the two methods was not significant (Kappa = -0.003, P=0.902). The sensitivity, specificity, ACC, PPV and NPV of mNGS were 91.29%, 28.26%, 81.94%, 87.96%, and 36.11% respectively, compared to corresponding 30.30%, 73.91%, 36.77%, 86.96% and 15.60% of traditional culture respectively. Through analysis, it is confirmed that the sensitivity and specificity between the two methods were statistically significant (91.29% vs 30.30%, χ2=148.120, P<0.001 and 28.26% vs 73.91, χ2=13.793, P<0.001). Conclusions　mNGS can significantly improve the detection rate of pathogens in pulmonary infections and provide a complementary tool besides to traditional culture method for accurate anti-infection therapy. Furthermore, both traditional culture and mNGS pathogen detection methods are highly dependent on sample quality and detection quality control. mNGS requires the correct interpretation of comprehensive, non-destructive pathogenic genetic information to accurately identify pathogens.

Objective:To know the clinical characteristics of liver injury related to thalidomide and its analogs.Methods:The relevant databases at home and abroad (up to August 31, 2022) were searched and the case reports on thalidomide and its analogs-associated liver injury were collected. The patients′ gender, age, primary disease, drug use, occurrence of liver injury (onset time, clinical manifestations, liver function status, liver injury classification, etc.), treatment and outcome were recorded and descriptively analyzed.Results:A total of 18 patients were enrolled, including 11 males and 7 females, aged from 36 to 93 years with an average age of 60 years. The primary disease was multiple myeloma in 16 patients, plasma cell leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome in 1 patient each. Thalidomide was used in 9 patients, lenalidomide in 6 patients and pomalidomide in 3 patients. The time from the beginning of medication to the occurrence of liver injury ranged from 4 to 232 days and it was ≤ 60 days in 15 patients. The classification of liver injury was hepatocellular type in 9 patients, cholestasis type in 7 patients, and unable to be determined due to lack of data in 2 patients. Different degrees of abnormal liver function appeared in 18 patients, mainly including elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (in 16 patients), elevated total bilirubin (in 14 patients), and elevated alkaline phosphatase (in 12 patients). Clinical symptoms were recorded in 15 patients, including jaundice (in 13 cases), fatigue (in 7 cases) and nausea (in 4 cases). After diagnosis of liver injury, thalidomide or its analogues were discontinued in all 18 patients, and 4 cases received symptomatic and supportive therapy. Liver function in 13 patients was improved or returned to normal within 7 to 28 days after drug withdrawal, and 5 patients died (2 cases died of liver failure, 3 cases died of primary diseases or other complications).Conclusions:Thalidomide and its analogs associated liver injury mostly occurs within 2 months after drug administration and the clinical symptoms were similar to those caused by other drugs. After drug withdrawal, the liver function in most patients could be improved or return to normal, but a few may progress to liver failure and death.

Objective:To study the effects of short-term (30 d) exposure to different levels of PM 2.5 on oocyte quality, embryo quality and pregnancy outcomes in patients with early-follicular phase downregulation scheme. Methods:From December 2018 to February 2019, and from July to September 2019, 348 patients with early-follicular phase downregulation scheme who underwent assisted reproduction and assisted pregnancy in the Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine were selected as the research objects in this retrospective cohort study. According to PM 2.5 new air quality standard, with 115 μg/m 3 as the cut-off value, the patients were divided into high exposure group ( n=94) and low exposure group ( n=254). During the period from the start of ovulation induction to the pregnancy test day, the activity areas of the patients are in the urban area of Shiyan City. The PM 2.5 of atmospheric fine particles during this period was calculated, including total amount and daily average amount. The effects of fine particulate matter PM 2.5 on ovum abnormality rate, embryo quality (number of available embryos, number of high-quality embryos, high-quality embryo rate, and blastocyst formation rate) and pregnancy outcome (pregnancy rate, abortion rate, live birth rate and proportion of low birth weight infants) were compared between the two groups. Results:Compared with the low exposure group, the number of available embryos (3.9±1.1 vs. 4.3±1.2, P=0.005), the number of high-quality embryos (2.9±1.5 vs. 3.4±1.7, P=0.001), high-quality embryo rate [35.5% (352/992) vs. 40.4% (792/1 959), P=0.009] and proportion of low birth weight infants [21.4% (12/56) vs. 5.13% (8/156), P<0.001] in the high exposure group were significantly decreased, and there was no significant difference in other data. Conclusion:Short-term exposure to high levels of PM 2.5 had significant negative effects on the number of available embryos, the number of high-quality embryos, the rate of high-quality embryos and proportion of low birth weight infants in the early-follicular phase down-regulation scheme.

Objective:To study the effects of short-term (30 d) exposure to different levels of PM 2.5 on oocyte quality, embryo quality and pregnancy outcomes in patients with early-follicular phase downregulation scheme. Methods:From December 2018 to February 2019, and from July to September 2019, 348 patients with early-follicular phase downregulation scheme who underwent assisted reproduction and assisted pregnancy in the Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine were selected as the research objects in this retrospective cohort study. According to PM 2.5 new air quality standard, with 115 μg/m 3 as the cut-off value, the patients were divided into high exposure group ( n=94) and low exposure group ( n=254). During the period from the start of ovulation induction to the pregnancy test day, the activity areas of the patients are in the urban area of Shiyan City. The PM 2.5 of atmospheric fine particles during this period was calculated, including total amount and daily average amount. The effects of fine particulate matter PM 2.5 on ovum abnormality rate, embryo quality (number of available embryos, number of high-quality embryos, high-quality embryo rate, and blastocyst formation rate) and pregnancy outcome (pregnancy rate, abortion rate, live birth rate and proportion of low birth weight infants) were compared between the two groups. Results:Compared with the low exposure group, the number of available embryos (3.9±1.1 vs. 4.3±1.2, P=0.005), the number of high-quality embryos (2.9±1.5 vs. 3.4±1.7, P=0.001), high-quality embryo rate [35.5% (352/992) vs. 40.4% (792/1 959), P=0.009] and proportion of low birth weight infants [21.4% (12/56) vs. 5.13% (8/156), P<0.001] in the high exposure group were significantly decreased, and there was no significant difference in other data. Conclusion:Short-term exposure to high levels of PM 2.5 had significant negative effects on the number of available embryos, the number of high-quality embryos, the rate of high-quality embryos and proportion of low birth weight infants in the early-follicular phase down-regulation scheme.

Objective:To know the clinical characteristics of liver injury related to thalidomide and its analogs.Methods:The relevant databases at home and abroad (up to August 31, 2022) were searched and the case reports on thalidomide and its analogs-associated liver injury were collected. The patients′ gender, age, primary disease, drug use, occurrence of liver injury (onset time, clinical manifestations, liver function status, liver injury classification, etc.), treatment and outcome were recorded and descriptively analyzed.Results:A total of 18 patients were enrolled, including 11 males and 7 females, aged from 36 to 93 years with an average age of 60 years. The primary disease was multiple myeloma in 16 patients, plasma cell leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome in 1 patient each. Thalidomide was used in 9 patients, lenalidomide in 6 patients and pomalidomide in 3 patients. The time from the beginning of medication to the occurrence of liver injury ranged from 4 to 232 days and it was ≤ 60 days in 15 patients. The classification of liver injury was hepatocellular type in 9 patients, cholestasis type in 7 patients, and unable to be determined due to lack of data in 2 patients. Different degrees of abnormal liver function appeared in 18 patients, mainly including elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (in 16 patients), elevated total bilirubin (in 14 patients), and elevated alkaline phosphatase (in 12 patients). Clinical symptoms were recorded in 15 patients, including jaundice (in 13 cases), fatigue (in 7 cases) and nausea (in 4 cases). After diagnosis of liver injury, thalidomide or its analogues were discontinued in all 18 patients, and 4 cases received symptomatic and supportive therapy. Liver function in 13 patients was improved or returned to normal within 7 to 28 days after drug withdrawal, and 5 patients died (2 cases died of liver failure, 3 cases died of primary diseases or other complications).Conclusions:Thalidomide and its analogs associated liver injury mostly occurs within 2 months after drug administration and the clinical symptoms were similar to those caused by other drugs. After drug withdrawal, the liver function in most patients could be improved or return to normal, but a few may progress to liver failure and death.