Polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder among women of reproductive age. Hyperandrogenism （HA）， one of its core pathological features， is closely associated with the clinical manifestations and metabolic complications of the disease. Current western medical treatments for PCOS-HA mainly include anti-androgen therapy and ovulation induction， such as short-acting oral contraceptives like Diane-35 and Yasmin. However， long-term use of these medications may result in adverse reactions like increasing the risk of liver dysfunction and exacerbating lipid metabolism disorders， with unsatisfactory long-term efficacy when used alone. Traditional Chinese medicine offers unique advantages in the treatment of PCOS-HA due to its holistic approach and multi-target regulatory mechanisms. In the view of traditional Chinese medicine， PCOS-HA is classified under the categories such as "delayed menstruation"， "amenorrhea"， and "infertility"， with kidney deficiency as the root， as well as liver stagnation and spleen deficiency as the manifestations. Phlegm and blood stasis are considered to be intertwined throughout the disease course. Modern studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine is significantly effective in improving the androgen levels， restoring ovulation， and improving insulin resistance in PCOS-HA patients. Representative prescriptions， such as Erxian Tang， Jiawei Xiaoyaosan， Guizhi Fulingwan， and Cangfu Daotantang， exert therapeutic effects through various mechanisms including regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis， reduction of ovarian androgen synthase activity， improvement of insulin signaling pathways， and inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress， which demonstrates the characteristics of comprehensive treatment with traditional Chinese medicine. Based on the perspectives of etiology and pathogenesis of traditional Chinese medicine， modern medical cognition， typical prescriptions， and action mechanisms， this paper reviewed the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of PCOS-HA， aiming to provide a reference for in-depth research and clinical applications in this field.

Polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder among women of reproductive age. Hyperandrogenism （HA）， one of its core pathological features， is closely associated with the clinical manifestations and metabolic complications of the disease. Current western medical treatments for PCOS-HA mainly include anti-androgen therapy and ovulation induction， such as short-acting oral contraceptives like Diane-35 and Yasmin. However， long-term use of these medications may result in adverse reactions like increasing the risk of liver dysfunction and exacerbating lipid metabolism disorders， with unsatisfactory long-term efficacy when used alone. Traditional Chinese medicine offers unique advantages in the treatment of PCOS-HA due to its holistic approach and multi-target regulatory mechanisms. In the view of traditional Chinese medicine， PCOS-HA is classified under the categories such as "delayed menstruation"， "amenorrhea"， and "infertility"， with kidney deficiency as the root， as well as liver stagnation and spleen deficiency as the manifestations. Phlegm and blood stasis are considered to be intertwined throughout the disease course. Modern studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine is significantly effective in improving the androgen levels， restoring ovulation， and improving insulin resistance in PCOS-HA patients. Representative prescriptions， such as Erxian Tang， Jiawei Xiaoyaosan， Guizhi Fulingwan， and Cangfu Daotantang， exert therapeutic effects through various mechanisms including regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis， reduction of ovarian androgen synthase activity， improvement of insulin signaling pathways， and inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress， which demonstrates the characteristics of comprehensive treatment with traditional Chinese medicine. Based on the perspectives of etiology and pathogenesis of traditional Chinese medicine， modern medical cognition， typical prescriptions， and action mechanisms， this paper reviewed the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of PCOS-HA， aiming to provide a reference for in-depth research and clinical applications in this field.

OBJECTIVE: Chromosome conformation-based karyotype analysis (C-MoKa) technology was used to test a couple who had experienced multiple adverse pregnancies in order to provide them with genetic counseling and reproductive guidance. METHODS: A couple presented at the Reproductive Medicine Center of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University in 2023 was selected as the study subject. Through C-MoKa testing, copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq), and preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A), it was found that the couple's repeatedly miscarried fetuses and abnormal embryos exhibited highly similar chromosomal structural abnormalities. Using C-MoKa, the potential genetic abnormalities in both partners were traced, and reproductive guidance was provided based on the result. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Hospital (Ethics No.: LDYYSZLLKH2025-09). RESULTS: CNV-seq analysis of the couple's miscarriage fetal chorionic villi showed del(18)(q21.2q23)(28.90 Mb) and dup(13)(q31.2q34)(26.26 Mb). Chromosomal karyotyping analysis of both partners showed no abnormality. From 2024 to 2025, the couple underwent three rounds of PGT-A assisted reproduction. The first embryo test showed del(13)(q31.2q34)(26.77 Mb) and dup(18)(q21.2q23)(29.08 Mb). The second embryo test showed dup(13)(q31.2q34)(26.26 Mb) and del(18)(q21.2q23)(28.90 Mb). And the third embryo test results showed complex chromosomal abnormalities. In 2025, after genetic counseling, the couple had opted C-MoKa test, which has detected no abnormality in the wife, but a balanced 46,XY,t(13;18)(q31.2;q21.2) translocation in the husband. CONCLUSION As a high-throughput sequencing method based on the three-dimensional conformation of chromatin, C-MoKa has the advantages of high resolution and high accuracy, and can accurately detect balanced translocations with similar banding patterns. It has therefore offered a powerful new tool for chromosomal analysis.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Abortion, Habitual/genetics* ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Karyotyping/methods* ; Preimplantation Diagnosis ; Translocation, Genetic

Ovarian cancer （OC） is one of the most common malignant tumors in women， with the mortality rate being the highest among gynaecological malignant tumors. As the atypical symptoms of OC are difficult to be detected in the early stage， most patients are already in the advanced stage when being diagnosed. As a result， the clinical treatment has limited effects. Currently， the main therapies for OC are surgery and chemotherapy， while their drug resistance and adverse reactions seriously reduce the quality of life of patients. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has attracted the attention of clinicians and researchers because of its high efficacy， low toxicity， and mild side effects. According to the TCM philosophy of treatment based on syndrome differentiation， the Chinese medicines with multiple targets， wide range， and mild side effects can be screened based on the molecular targets involved in the occurrence and development of OC， which can bring out the unique advantages of TCM in the treatment of OC. Modern studies have shown that the occurrence and development of OC are closely related to the abnormal expression of multiple signaling pathways. The continued abnormal activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） signaling pathway can lead to abnormal proliferation and malignancy of OC. cause abnormal proliferation and malignant transformation of OC， which is closely related to the development of OC. In addition， studies have shown that Chinese medicine can inhibit the proliferation， angiogenesis， invasion， and metastasis and promote the autophagy and apoptosis of OC cells by regulating the Janus kinase 2 （JAK2）/STAT3 signaling pathway， providing new therapeutic strategies and ideas for the prevention and treatment of OC. This paper summarizes the role of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in OC development by reviewing the relevant articles and reviews the mechanism and research progress of active components and compound prescriptions of Chinese medicine intervening in OC development by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. This review is expected to provide a systematic reference for clinical research and drug development of OC.

ObjectiveTo explore the effectiveness and safety of Shenlong Dingji Formula （参龙定悸方） on the quality of life in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation （PAF） of qi-yin deficiency and phlegm-stasis obstructing collaterals syndrome. MethodsA total of 60 patients with PAF of qi-yin deficiency and phlegm-stasis obstructing collaterals syndrome were recruited and randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group， with 30 patients in each group. The control group received standard western medicine treatment， while the treatment group was additionally given Shenlong Dingji Formula orally， one dose per day. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. The primary outcome measure is the Atrial Fibrillation Effect on Quality of Life （AFEQT） score including scores of four dimensions，i.e. atrial fibrillation-related symptoms， treatment concerns， daily activities， and treatment satisfaction. The secondary outcome measures included the frequency and duration of symptomatic atrial fibrillation episodes and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome scores covering symptoms such as palpitations， chest tightness， fatigue， shortness of breath， reluctance to speak， spontaneous sweating， stabbing pain， and insomnia. These indicators were assessed at baseline （before treatment）， after 2-week of treatment， after 4-week of treatment， and 4 weeks after the end of treatment （follow-up）. Additionally， safety indicators before and after treatment and adverse events occurring during the trial were recorded to evaluate safety. ResultsA total of 56 patients completed the study， with 28 in each group. Primary outcome indicators： 1） the treatment group showed significant improvement in the total score of the AFEQT scale， with significantly higher total scores after 2-week treatment， 4-week treatment， and follow-up compared to the previous time point （P＜0.05）. In the control group， the AFEQT score significantly increased only after 4-week treatment compared to baseline （P＜0.05）. In the treatment group， the AFEQT scores after 2-week， 4-week treatment， and during follow-up were all higher than those of the control group at the corresponding time points （P＜0.01）. 2） In the treatment group， there was no statistically significant difference in the AFEQT treatment satisfaction dimension score during follow-up compared to that after 4-week treatment （P＞0.05）. However， the scores for all other dimensions at each time point were higher than those at the previous time point （P＜0.05）. In the control group， the scores for the atrial fibrillation-related symptom dimension were higher after 2-week and 4-week treatment than those of the previous time points （P＜0.05）. For the treatment satisfaction dimension， significant increases were observed only after 2-week and 4-week treatment compared to baseline （P＜0.05）. Secondary outcome indicators： 1） In the treatment group， the frequency and duration of symptomatic atrial fibrillation episodes decreased significantly at each time point compared to the previous time point （P＜0.05）， except for the duration of trial fibrillation at follow-up. In the control group， the frequency of episodes decreased significantly at all time points compared to baseline （P＜0.05）， while the duration of trial fibrillation showed a significant reduction at follow-up compared to those after 2-week treatment （P＜0.05）. 2） In the treatment group， TCM syndrome scores significantly reduced after 2-week treatment， 4-week treatment， and during follow-up compared to the previous time point and baseline （P＜0.05）. In the control group， significant reductions were observed only after 4-week after treatment and during follow-up （P＜0.05）. The TCM syndrome scores in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group at the same time points （P＜0.01）. No adverse events occurred during the trial in either group， and safety indicators showed no significant changes after treatment. ConclusionShenlong Dingji Formula effectively improves the quality of life， alleviates TCM syndromes， and reduces the frequency and duration of symptomatic atrial fibrillation in patients with PAF of qi-yin deficiency and phlegm-stasis obstructing collaterals syndrome， and demonstrates good safety.

ObjectiveThe controllability changes of structural brain network were explored based on the control and brain network theory in young smokers, this may reveal that the controllability indicators can serve as a powerful factor to predict the sleep status in young smokers. MethodsFifty young smokers and 51 healthy controls from Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology were enrolled. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to construct structural brain network based on fractional anisotropy (FA) weight matrix. According to the control and brain network theory, the average controllability and the modal controllability were calculated. Two-sample t-test was used to compare the differences between the groups and Pearson correlation analysis to examine the correlation between significant average controllability and modal controllability with Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND) in young smokers. The nodes with the controllability score in the top 10% were selected as the super-controllers. Finally, we used BP neural network to predict the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in young smokers. ResultsThe average controllability of dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, supplementary motor area, lenticular nucleus putamen, and lenticular nucleus pallidum, and the modal controllability of orbital inferior frontal gyrus, supplementary motor area, gyrus rectus, and posterior cingulate gyrus in the young smokers’ group, were all significantly different from those of the healthy controls group (P<0.05). The average controllability of the right supplementary motor area (SMA.R) in the young smokers group was positively correlated with FTND (r=0.393 0, P=0.004 8), while modal controllability was negatively correlated with FTND (r=-0.330 1, P=0.019 2). ConclusionThe controllability of structural brain network in young smokers is abnormal. which may serve as an indicator to predict sleep condition. It may provide the imaging evidence for evaluating the cognitive function impairment in young smokers.

To investigate the awareness of cognitive impairment disorders among residents of the Xizang Autonomous Region and its influencing factors, thereby providing a basis for targeted prevention and treatment efforts.

BACKGROUND: The available evidence regarding the benefits of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on patients receiving dialysis with coronary artery disease (CAD) is limited and inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the association between PCI and clinical outcomes as compared with medical therapy alone in patients undergoing dialysis with CAD in China. METHODS: This multicenter, retrospective study was conducted in 30 tertiary medical centers across 12 provinces in China from January 2015 to June 2021 to include patients on dialysis with CAD. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke. Secondary outcomes included all-cause death, the individual components of MACE, and Bleeding Academic Research Consortium criteria types 2, 3, or 5 bleeding. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between PCI and outcomes. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and propensity score matching (PSM) were performed to account for potential between-group differences. RESULTS: Of the 1146 patients on dialysis with significant CAD, 821 (71.6%) underwent PCI. After a median follow-up of 23.0 months, PCI was associated with a 43.0% significantly lower risk for MACE (33.9% [ n  = 278] vs . 43.7% [ n  = 142]; adjusted hazards ratio 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.45-0.71), along with a slightly increased risk for bleeding outcomes that did not reach statistical significance (11.1% vs . 8.3%; adjusted hazards ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval, 0.82-2.11). Furthermore, PCI was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities. Subgroup analysis did not modify the association of PCI with patient outcomes. These primary findings were consistent across IPTW, PSM, and competing risk analyses. CONCLUSION This study indicated that PCI in patients on dialysis with CAD was significantly associated with lower MACE and mortality when comparing with those with medical therapy alone, albeit with a slightly increased risk for bleeding events that did not reach statistical significance.
Humans ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/methods* ; Male ; Female ; Coronary Artery Disease/drug therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Renal Dialysis/methods* ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; China ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) presents a significant health burden in Asia and remains a critical challenge. This study aims to delineate the PAH burden in Asia from 1990 to 2021. METHODS: Using the latest data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021, we evaluated and analyzed the distributions and patterns of PAH disease burden among various age groups, sexes, regions, and countries in Asia. Additionally, we examined the associations between PAH disease burden and key health system indicators, including the socio-demographic index (SDI) and the universal health coverage (UHC) index. RESULTS: In 2021, there were 25,989 new PAH cases, 103,382 existing cases, 13,909 PAH-associated deaths, and 385,755 DALYs attributed to PAH in Asia, which accounted for approximately 60% of global PAH cases. The age-standardized rates (ASRs) for prevalence and deaths were 2.05 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 1.66-2.52) per 100,000 population and 0.31 (95% UI: 0.23-0.38) per 100,000 population, respectively. From 1990 to 2021, Asia reported the lowest ASRs for PAH prevalence but the highest ASRs for deaths compared to other continents. While the ASRs for prevalence increased slightly, ASRs for mortality and DALYs decreased over time. This increasing burden of PAH was primarily driven by population growth and aging. The burden was especially pronounced among individuals aged ≥60 years and <9 years, who collectively accounted for the majority of deaths and DALYs. Moreover, higher SDI and UHC levels were linked to reduced incidence, but higher prevalence rates. CONCLUSIONS Although progress has been made in reducing PAH-related mortality and DALYs, the disease continues to impose a substantial burden in Asia, particularly among older adults and young children. Region-specific health policies should focus on improving early diagnosis, expanding access to treatment, and effectively addressing the growing PAH burden in the region.
Humans ; Global Burden of Disease ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Asia/epidemiology* ; Prevalence ; Aged ; Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/mortality* ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/epidemiology*

Immunotherapy has been widely used in cancer treatment in recent years and functions by stimulating the immune system to kill tumor cells. Radiation therapy (RT) uses radiation to induce DNA damage and kill tumor cells. However, this activates the body's immune system, promoting the release of tumor-related antigens from inactive dendritic cells, which stimulates the recurrence and metastasis of tumors in immune system tissues. The combination of RT and immunotherapy has been increasingly evaluated in recent years, with studies confirming the synergistic effect of the two antitumor therapies. Particularly, the combination of RT by dose adjustment with different immunotherapies has positive implications on antitumor immunity as well as disease prognosis compared with respective monotherapies. This review summarizes the current research status, progress, and prospects of RT combined with immunotherapy in cancer treatment. It additionally discusses the prevalent concerns regarding the dose, time window, and toxicity of this combination therapy.
Humans ; Neoplasms/radiotherapy* ; Immunotherapy/methods* ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Radiotherapy/methods*