OBJECTIVE To study the clinical characteristics and potential risk factors for infection in patients with multiple myeloma （MM） following treatment with bortezomib. METHODS Clinical data were retrospectively collected from MM patients who received bortezomib-based treatment regimens at the Department of Hematology， the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University， from October 2021 to February 2025. The collected data primarily included demographic characteristics， disease characteristics of MM， treatment regimens， occurrence of infections and corresponding management measures， and prophylactic medication use. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify potential risk factors for MM complicated with infection. RESULTS Among the 284 MM patients treated with bortezomib， 132 patients （46.5%） experienced at least one infection. The predominant types of infections were respiratory tract infections and gastrointestinal infections. Univariate analysis showed that age at initial diagnosis， pathological classification， and grade of myelosuppression were influencing factors for infection in MM patients （ P ＜0.05）. Further analysis of influencing factors for the two main types of infections revealed that sex， age at initial diagnosis， pathological classification， treatment regimen， and smoking history were influencing factor s for respiratory tract infections in MM patients （ P ＜0.05）； BMI， pathological classification， treatment regimen， and grade of myelosuppression were influencing factors for gastrointestinal infections in MM patients （ P ＜0.05）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that age≥70 years and the presence of grade Ⅳ myelosuppression before treatment were risk factors for infection in MM patients， while the IgG-λ type was a protective factor against infection （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of infection is relatively high in MM patients receiving bortezomib-based treatment regimens， with respiratory and gastrointestinal infections being the most common. Age at initial diagnosis， grade of myelosuppression， and pathological classification are influencing factors for infection in MM patients.

[摘 要] 目的：探究纺锤体蛋白1（SPIN1）促进胃腺癌细胞迁移与侵袭的分子机制。方法: 通过TCGA数据库数据分析胃腺癌组织中SPIN1 mRNA表达与上皮间质转化（EMT）评分、血管生成评分间的相关性。收集2018年8月至2021年11月期间山东第一医科大学附属省立医院手术切除的52例胃腺癌患者的癌组织制成组织芯片，每例均包含胃腺癌组织、对应癌旁组织及淋巴结转移灶，通过免疫组织化学法检测胃腺癌组织中SPIN1与STAT3的蛋白表达水平及相关性。通过Transwell实验研究干扰SPIN1对胃腺癌细胞侵袭与迁移的影响。使用GEPIA2网站分析SPIN1基因与Janus-激酶/信号转导和转录激活因子（JAK/STAT）通路相关因子在胃腺癌中的表达相关性。通过qPCR法、WB法检测干扰SPIN1后JAK/STAT通路相关mRNA和蛋白的表达变化。结果: TCGA数据库数据分析结果显示，SPIN1表达与EMT评分和血管生成评分呈正相关（均P < 0.05）。SPIN1与STAT3在胃腺癌组织和淋巴结转移灶中表达升高（均P < 0.05），在癌旁胃黏膜组织中阴性表达。SPIN1与STAT3的表达显著正相关（P < 0.05）。干扰SPIN1后胃腺癌细胞的迁移、侵袭能力明显降低（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）。GEPIA2网站分析结果显示，SPIN1基因与JAK1、JAK2、STAT1、STAT2及STAT3表达均呈显著正相关（均P < 0.05）。干扰SPIN1后JAK2、STAT3的mRNA水平下降，而JAK1、STAT1、STAT2的mRNA水平变化不明显。WB法实验结果表明，干扰SPIN1后JAK2、STAT3、p-JAK2及p-STAT3的蛋白表达均显著降低（均P < 0.01），过表达SPIN1后JAK2、STAT3、p-JAK2及p-STAT3的蛋白表达均显著升高（均P < 0.01）。结论: SPIN1可通过参与JAK2/STAT3信号通路促进胃腺癌细胞迁移与侵袭。

Objective To explore the research hotspots and developmental trends in urological education through a bibliometric analysis. Methods Relevant literature on urological education was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases, covering all records up to Sep.16, 2025.A comprehensive bibliometric analysis was performed on the retrieved publications. Results A total of 303 Chinese and 290 English articles were collected.The annual number of publications demonstrated an overall upward trend.Harvard University in the United States was the most productive institution in this field. Conclusion Urological clinical education has attracted increasing attention from clinicians and medical trainees.Highly cited studies consistently highlight three actionable priorities for urological education:firstly, improving long-term knowledge retention through structured, spaced, and feedback-rich learning designs; secondly, standardizing simulation-based skills training with validated assessment and staged credentialing; thirdly, strengthening training system resilience while expanding non-technical skills training.These directions provide implementable pathways for optimizing urological teaching practices and the standardized residency training programs.

OBJECTIVE To develop a pharmacist-led intervention model for reducing drug-related medical insurance claim denial risks， so as to provide practical references for healthcare institutions in fulfilling their primary responsibility for medical insurance fund supervision. METHODS A risk matrix method was employed by the pharmacists to assess the risks associated with drug‑related medical insurance claim rejections in our hospital during 2024. Intervention measures were developed targeting high‑risk factors (including inappropriate indications for medical insurance coverage, exceeding the covered treatment course, and inappropriateness of gender and age) from three dimensions, namely organizational structure, technical prevention and control, and closed‑loop management. Changes in drug‑related claim rejection data were compared between 2024 (pre‑intervention) and 2025 (post‑intervention), and the interception effect of the pre‑prescription review system was evaluated after the intervention. RESULTS After the intervention, the total amount of drug‑related medical insurance claim rejections in our hospital was reduced by 57.24% compared with that before the intervention, and the number of rejected items decreased from 10 108 to 2 892. Specifically, the number of rejected items due to inappropriate indications, exceeded treatment course, inappropriate gender, and inappropriate age was reduced by 70.94%, 74.26%, 83.86%, and 96.70%, respectively. Throughout the year following the intervention, a total of 5.605 yuan million in outpatient prescription drug amounts and 4.683 million yuan in inpatient medication order amounts that did not meet the insurance‑limited payment requirements were intercepted by the pre‑prescription review system. The proportion of drug‑related claim rejection amount to the total medical service claim rejection amount of our hospital decreased to 19.7%. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacist-led multi-department collaborative， technical prevention and control， and dynamic optimization integrated full-process intervention model is highly operable and has significant practical effects. It has important promotion value in reducing drug-related medical insurance claim denial risks.

At present, research on the efficacy of local physical cooling devices is mainly based on clinical observation, but there is relatively little research on evaluating the effectiveness of local cold therapy cooling and the penetration depth. This study is based on the research of the structure and morphology of local muscle tissue in the human body, as well as the heat transfer characteristics and mechanisms of the human body. A simulation phantom of human muscle tissue under temperature cycling was created, and the differences in evaluating the effectiveness of local cold therapy between the human body and the simulation phantom were compared. This provides a new evaluation method for evaluating the cooling effectiveness of local physical cooling equipment.
Humans ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Hypothermia, Induced/methods*

OBJECTIVE: This study reports the first imported case of Lassa fever (LF) in China. Laboratory detection and molecular epidemiological analysis of the Lassa virus (LASV) from this case offer valuable insights for the prevention and control of LF. METHODS: Samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, urine, saliva, and environmental materials were collected from the patient and their close contacts for LASV nucleotide detection. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on positive samples to analyze the genetic characteristics of the virus. RESULTS: LASV was detected in the patient's CSF, blood, and urine, while all samples from close contacts and the environment tested negative. The virus belongs to the lineage IV strain and shares the highest homology with strains from Sierra Leone. The variability in the glycoprotein complex (GPC) among different strains ranged from 3.9% to 15.1%, higher than previously reported for the seven known lineages. Amino acid mutation analysis revealed multiple mutations within the GPC immunogenic epitopes, increasing strain diversity and potentially impacting immune response. CONCLUSION The case was confirmed through nucleotide detection, with no evidence of secondary transmission or viral spread. The LASV strain identified belongs to lineage IV, with broader GPC variability than previously reported. Mutations in the immune-related sites of GPC may affect immune responses, necessitating heightened vigilance regarding the virus.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Genome, Viral ; Lassa Fever/virology* ; Lassa virus/classification* ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Phylogeny

OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can result in fatigue and post-exertional malaise; however, whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection exacerbates lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is unclear. This study investigated the association between prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection and postpartum LUTS. METHODS: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted at two tertiary hospitals in China from November 1, 2022, to November 1, 2023. Participants were classified into infected and uninfected groups based on SARS-CoV-2 antigen results. LUTS prevalence and severity were assessed using self-reported symptoms and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-Short Form (IIQ-7). Pelvic floor muscle activity was measured using electromyography following the Glazer protocol. Group comparisons were performed to evaluate the association of SARS-CoV-2 infection with LUTS and electromyography parameters, with stratified analyses conducted using SPSS version 26.0. RESULTS: Among 3,652 participants (681 infected, 2,971 uninfected), no significant differences in LUTS prevalence or IIQ-7 scores were observed. However, SARS-CoV-2 infection was an independent factor influencing the electromyographic activity of the pelvic floor muscles (mean tonic contraction amplitudes), regardless of delivery mode ( P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection was not significantly associated with an increased risk of postpartum LUTS but independently altered pelvic floor muscle electromyographic activity, suggesting potential neuromuscular effects.
Humans ; Female ; COVID-19/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Adult ; Pregnancy ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/virology* ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Electromyography ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology* ; Pelvic Floor/physiopathology* ; Prevalence

Objective:To investigate the correlation between lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) and long-term prognosis after distal cholangiocarcinoma.Methods:A retrospective case-control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 186 patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma who underwent radical pancreaticoduodenectomy at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2013 to December 2023. Among them, there were 109 males and 77 females, with an age of (65.4±9.4) years, ranging from 29 to 85 years. The data of preoperative peripheral blood routine examination of the patients were collected, and the patients were divided into a high LMR group(LMR>2.98, n=100) and a low LMR group(LMR≤2.98, n=86). The preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared. Measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( ± s), and t-test was used for inter-group comparison. Measurement data with non-normal distribution were expressed as M( Q1, Q3), and Mann-Whitney U test was used for inter-group comparison. Chi-square test was used for inter-group comparison of count data. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for univariate and multivariate prognostic analysis, and the Kaplan-Meier estimation method was used to create survival curves to analyze and evaluate the influencing factors of long-term prognosis after distal cholangiocarcinoma surgery. Results:Univariate analysis results showed that gender, age, BMI, history of diabetes, carcinoembryonic antigen; operation duration, intraoperative blood loss; resection margin status, degree of tumor cell differentiation, and presence of postoperative complications had no statistically significant differences in their impact on the prognosis of patients after distal cholangiocarcinoma surgery( P>0.05). In contrast, LMR, neutrophilto-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, albumin, total bilirubin, carbohydrate antigen 199, intraoperative blood transfusion, tumor diameter, and lymph node metastasis showed statistically significant differences in their influence on the postoperative prognosis of distal cholangiocarcinoma patients( P<0.05). Multivariate analysis results indicated that LMR≤2.98( HR=1.776, 95% CI: 1.153-2.736), CA19-9>37 U/mL( HR=1.521, 95% CI: 1.025-2.259), and lymph node metastasis( HR=1.601, 95% CI: 1.106-2.318) were independent risk factors affecting patient prognosis( P<0.05). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year cumulative survival rates in the high LMR group were 91%, 40%, and 20% respectively, while those in the low LMR group were 58.1%, 15.1%, and 8.1% respectively, with a statistically significant difference( P<0.05). Conclusion:Preoperative LMR for distal cholangiocarcinoma can suggest a long-term prognosis, and a low LMR value suggests a poor prognosis.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Radiation pneumonitis is a major complication in lung cancer radiotherapy. Four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) imaging provides dynamic ventilation information, which is valuable for lung function assessment and radiation pneumonitis prevention. Many methods have been developed to calculate lung ventilation from 4DCT, but a systematic comparison is lacking. Prediction of radiation pneumonitis using 4DCT-based ventilation is still in an early stage, and no comprehensive review exists. This paper presented the first systematic comparison of functional lung ventilation algorithms based on 4DCT over the past 15 years, highlighting their clinical value and limitations. It then reviewed multimodal approaches combining 4DCT ventilation imaging, dose metrics, and clinical data for radiation pneumonitis prediction. Finally, it summarized current research and future directions of 4DCT in lung cancer radiotherapy, offering insights for clinical practice and further studies.
Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography/methods* ; Radiation Pneumonitis/etiology* ; Algorithms ; Lung/radiation effects* ; Pulmonary Ventilation

Most current medical image segmentation models are primarily built upon the U-shaped network (U-Net) architecture, which has certain limitations in capturing both global contextual information and fine-grained details. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel U-shaped network model, termed the Multi-View U-Net (MUNet), which integrates self-attention and multi-view attention mechanisms. Specifically, a newly designed multi-view attention module is introduced to aggregate semantic features from different perspectives, thereby enhancing the representation of fine details in images. Additionally, the MUNet model leverages a self-attention encoding block to extract global image features, and by fusing global and local features, it improves segmentation performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves superior segmentation performance in coronary artery image segmentation tasks, significantly outperforming existing models. By incorporating self-attention and multi-view attention mechanisms, this study provides a novel and efficient modeling approach for medical image segmentation, contributing to the advancement of intelligent medical image analysis.
Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Algorithms ; Attention ; Coronary Vessels/diagnostic imaging* ; Diagnostic Imaging/methods*