Activation of the heart normally begins in the sinoatrial node (SAN). Electrical impulses spontaneously released by SAN pacemaker cells (SANPCs) trigger the contraction of the heart. However, the cellular nature of SANPCs remains controversial. Here, we report that SANPCs exhibit glutamatergic neuron-like properties. By comparing the single-cell transcriptome of SANPCs with that of cells from primary visual cortex in mouse, we found that SANPCs co-clustered with cortical neurons. Tissue and cellular imaging confirmed that SANPCs contained key elements of glutamatergic neurotransmitter system, expressing genes encoding glutamate synthesis pathway (Gls), ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors (Grina, Gria3, Grm1 and Grm5), and glutamate transporters (Slc17a7). SANPCs highly expressed cell markers of glutamatergic neurons (Snap25 and Slc17a7), whereas Gad1, a marker of GABAergic neurons, was negative. Functional studies revealed that inhibition of glutamate receptors or transporters reduced spontaneous pacing frequency of isolated SAN tissues and spontaneous Ca

Objective To observe the effect of exteme dose of heat-clearing drugs on temperature in the postoperative fever patients.Methods A total of 70 patients with postoperative fever who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into the control group (35 patients) and observation group (35 patients). The observation group was treated with exteme dose of heat-clearing drugs, and the control group was treated with the common dose formula. Both groups were treated for 3 day, and followed up for 3 day. The changing of the temperature before and after treatment, the onset time and time of relieving fever were analyzed.Results Compared with the baseline before the treatment, the 1st day, 2nd after treatment, the highest temperature in observation group at thte 3rd day(37.5 ± 0.5℃vs. 37.6 ± 0.5℃, 38.1 ± 0.5℃,38.3 ± 0.5℃,F=20.883) was significantly lower; the highest body temperature in the control group at the 3rd day (37.5 ± 0.6℃vs. 37.5 ± 0.5℃, 38.1 ± 0.6℃, 38.4 ± 0.4℃,F=25.088) was significantly lower (P<0.01). At the 3 day in the follow up period, compared with the baseline before the treatment, the 1st day, 2nd after treatment, the highest body temperature in observation group (36.9 ± 0.5℃vs. 37.1 ± 0.2℃, 37.3 ± 0.5℃,F=7.778) were significantly lower (P<0.01).Conclusions The high of heat-clearing drugs treatment for the postoperative fever can effectively lower the temperature, and there is no obvious difference of the onset time and the time of relieving fever between two groups.

Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Kidney Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Rhabdoid Tumor ; diagnosis

[Objective] Expressions of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2),p53,estrogen receptor (ER),and progesterone receptor (PR) in tissues of breast invasive ductal carcinoma are not only applied to determine the therapeutic regimen,but they may also be related to the prognosis.We investigated the levels of these proteins among different clinical stages and the correlations.[Method] One hundred and thirty-eight tissues from cases with breast invasive ductal carcinoma were tested with immunohistochemistry.New scoring standards and rank test were applied.The indices were digitalized and semi-quantified.[Results] In the tissues from high clinical stage,the expression of HER2 was significantly increased,while expression of PR was markedly decreased.[Conclusion] Expression of HER2 and PR might be better markers for predicting clinical stages and prognosis.