Parkinson's disease(PD)has a complex etiology and an unclear mechanism, involving genetic, environmental, and aging factors.Identifying common elements is crucial for pinpointing intervention targets.Hypoxia, which is prevalent in both natural environments and various disease states, is closely associated with the etiology of PD.It may enhance the expression and aggregation of the pathogenic protein α-synuclein, thereby influencing the onset and progression of PD through multiple pathways.Hypoxia-induced factor-1α(HIF-1α)and nuclear factor E2 related factor 2(Nrf2)are signaling molecules that are intimately linked to oxygen regulation and play a significant role in modulating oxidative stress.The underlying mechanisms may involve reducing neuronal apoptosis, mitigating inflammatory responses, and alleviating oxidative stress.Research indicates that the activation of HIF-1α and Nrf2-related signaling pathways can provide protection to dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.Consequently, this review aims to summarize the relationship between PD and HIF-1α, Nrf2, along with the implications of hypoxic environments.