Objective To explore the immediate impact of acute vision changes in hemiplegic patients on their gait.Methods Thirty visually normal hemiplegic patients were recruited.Plane mirrors(0°),concave lenses(+150°,+450°)were selected to simulate normal vision,moderate myopia,and high myopia scenarios for straight line walking tests.The Qualisys three-dimensional(3D)motion capture system and Kistler 3D force platform were employed to collect kinematic and dynamic parameters of the patients,and the differences in related indicators before and after visual intervention were compared.Results Visual intervention affected the step length,walking speed,and joint angles of hemiplegic patients.Especially after acute vision changes,there was a significant difference in the stride length and ankle joint angles on the patient's affected side.Under high myopia,the step length and step length symmetry were better than those under moderate myopia,but at the expense of gait speed.Visual intervention led to asymmetric trends in step the length symmetry and joint angle symmetry.There were very significant differences in center of pressure(COP)and COP symmetry between normal vision and high myopia.Conclusions Acute vision changes can affect the gait of hemiplegic patients,especially in individuals with high myopia presenting both a notable decrease in walking speed and an increased ankle range of motion,and an increase in walking speed with moderate myopia.Meanwhile,the symmetry of the COP decreases,indicating that acute vision changes lead to a higher risk of falls for patients.Reasonable vision assessment and corresponding intervention measures are expected to improve walking ability and life quality of the patients.

Objective To explore the impact of vision impairment(VI)on the gait of hemiplegic patients,assess their walking ability and fall risks,and provide a basis for developing effective rehabilitation strategies.Methods Thirty hemiplegic patients were enrolled and stratified by the severity of visual acuity impairment into three groups(unimpaired,mildly impaired,and severely impaired).The gait data of patients under uncorrected vision were collected using the Qualisys motion capture system and the Kistler three-dimensional force platform,and the balance ability of patients was assessed simultaneously.Subsequently,the gait and assessment data were statistically analyzed to compare inter-group differences.Results Compared with the visually unimpaired group,significant differences in step length,symmetry,and walking speed were observed in hemiplegic patients of the mild visual impairment group and severe visual impairment group.As VI increased,gait abnormalities became more pronounced,with a longer double-limb support phase,a longer swing phase of the affected limb,and a shorter single-limb support phase of the affected limb in the gait cycle.Compared with the visually unimpaired group,significant differences in center of pressure(COP)and COP symmetry were found between the mild visual impairment group and severe visual impairment group,with gait abnormalities intensifying.The Berg balance scale(BBS)scores showed that there was a significant difference between the visually unimpaired group and severe visual impairment group,indicating that the group with visual impairment had poorer balance ability.Conclusions VI has a significant negative impact on the gait and walking ability of hemiplegic patients.This study emphasizes the importance of focusing on the impact of VI in the rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients,with regular vision assessments and personalized interventions being conducted,which are of great significance in enhancing patients' walking quality.

Objective To explore the impact of vision impairment(VI)on the gait of hemiplegic patients,assess their walking ability and fall risks,and provide a basis for developing effective rehabilitation strategies.Methods Thirty hemiplegic patients were enrolled and stratified by the severity of visual acuity impairment into three groups(unimpaired,mildly impaired,and severely impaired).The gait data of patients under uncorrected vision were collected using the Qualisys motion capture system and the Kistler three-dimensional force platform,and the balance ability of patients was assessed simultaneously.Subsequently,the gait and assessment data were statistically analyzed to compare inter-group differences.Results Compared with the visually unimpaired group,significant differences in step length,symmetry,and walking speed were observed in hemiplegic patients of the mild visual impairment group and severe visual impairment group.As VI increased,gait abnormalities became more pronounced,with a longer double-limb support phase,a longer swing phase of the affected limb,and a shorter single-limb support phase of the affected limb in the gait cycle.Compared with the visually unimpaired group,significant differences in center of pressure(COP)and COP symmetry were found between the mild visual impairment group and severe visual impairment group,with gait abnormalities intensifying.The Berg balance scale(BBS)scores showed that there was a significant difference between the visually unimpaired group and severe visual impairment group,indicating that the group with visual impairment had poorer balance ability.Conclusions VI has a significant negative impact on the gait and walking ability of hemiplegic patients.This study emphasizes the importance of focusing on the impact of VI in the rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients,with regular vision assessments and personalized interventions being conducted,which are of great significance in enhancing patients' walking quality.

Objective To explore the immediate impact of acute vision changes in hemiplegic patients on their gait.Methods Thirty visually normal hemiplegic patients were recruited.Plane mirrors(0°),concave lenses(+150°,+450°)were selected to simulate normal vision,moderate myopia,and high myopia scenarios for straight line walking tests.The Qualisys three-dimensional(3D)motion capture system and Kistler 3D force platform were employed to collect kinematic and dynamic parameters of the patients,and the differences in related indicators before and after visual intervention were compared.Results Visual intervention affected the step length,walking speed,and joint angles of hemiplegic patients.Especially after acute vision changes,there was a significant difference in the stride length and ankle joint angles on the patient's affected side.Under high myopia,the step length and step length symmetry were better than those under moderate myopia,but at the expense of gait speed.Visual intervention led to asymmetric trends in step the length symmetry and joint angle symmetry.There were very significant differences in center of pressure(COP)and COP symmetry between normal vision and high myopia.Conclusions Acute vision changes can affect the gait of hemiplegic patients,especially in individuals with high myopia presenting both a notable decrease in walking speed and an increased ankle range of motion,and an increase in walking speed with moderate myopia.Meanwhile,the symmetry of the COP decreases,indicating that acute vision changes lead to a higher risk of falls for patients.Reasonable vision assessment and corresponding intervention measures are expected to improve walking ability and life quality of the patients.

Objective To conduct a comparative analysis of the biomechanical characteristics of the lower limbs during stair descent in patients with hemiplegia using different method to provide theoretical references for reducing fall risk during stair descent.Methods Ten healthy subjects and 20 patients with hemiplegia were selected,and their kinematic and dynamic data during stair descent were collected using the Qualisys Motion capture system and the Kistler three-dimensional dynamometer.Their biomechanical characteristics and fall risks were also analyzed.Results Compared with that of healthy subjects and patients that step on the healthy side(SHS),the range of motion(ROM)of the affected side in the lower-limb joints of patients that step on the affected side(SAS)was smaller.SHS reduced the flexion and extension ranges of the healthy side of the knee joint,and the ROM of the affected side in the lower-limb joints of SHS patients was greater than that of SAS patients.The ground reaction force(GRF)curve changes of SAS patients in left and right directions during stair descent were relatively consistent with those of normal subjects.The maximum vertical GRF of the affected side in SAS patients at the moment of landing was 1.05 times the body weight,whereas that of the healthy side was 1.25 times the body weight,which was lower than that of normal subjects(1.5 times the body weight).The maximum vertical GRF of the healthy side in SHS patients at the moment of landing was 1.85 times the body weight,which was higher than that of SAS patients and normal subjects.Conclusions Compared with that of SAS patients,the affected limb side of SHS patients has a greater ROM and vertical GRF at the moment of landing during stair descent,making SHS difficult to master.SAS is most consistent with the biomechanical characteristics during stair descent of patients with hemiplegia.

Objective To predict the torque on the affected side of the hip,knee,and ankle joints in stroke patients during walking using principal component analysis(PCA)and backpropagation(BP)neural networks.Methods Kinematic and dynamic data from 30 stroke patients were synchronously collected using an 8-lens Qualisys infrared point high-speed motion capture system and Kistler three-dimensional(3D)force measurement platform.The torques of the hip,knee,and ankle joints in the stroke patients were calculated using OpenSim,and the initial variables with a cumulative contribution rate of 99％were screened using PCA.The normalized root mean square error(NRMSE),root mean square error(RMSE),mean absolute percentage error(MAPE),mean absolute error(MAE),and R2 were used as evaluation indicators for the PCA-BP model.The consistency between the calculated joint torque and predicted torque was evaluated using Kendall's W coefficient.Results PCA data showed that the trunk,pelvis,and affected sides of the hip,knee,and ankle joints had a significant impact on the torque of the affected sides of the hip,knee,and ankle joints on the x,y,and z axes(sagittal,coronal,and vertical axes,respectively).The NRMSE between predicted and measured values was 5.14％-8.86％,RMSE was 0.184-0.371,MAPE was 3.5％-4.0％,MAE was 0.143-0.248,and R was 0.998-0.999.Conclusions The established PCA-BP model can accurately predict the torque of the hip,knee,and ankle joints in stroke patients during walking,with a significantly shortened measurement time.This model can replace traditional joint torque calculation in the gait analysis of stroke patients,provides a new approach to obtaining biomechanical data of stroke patients,and is an effective method for the clinical treatment of stroke patients.

Due to damage to the hemi-advanced central nervous system of stroke hemiplegic patients, their ability of sit-to-stand transfer is impaired, and they are prone to fall during the sit-to-stand transfer. This article describes the characteristics of sit-to-stand transfer for hemiplegic patients at different foot placement from a biomechanical perspective, discusses the correlation between different features, analyzes the reasons for their fall, and describes the application of sit-to-stand transfer training in postoperative rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients， so as to provide references for postoperative rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients.