Background: The tight junction protein claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2) has been implicated in poor prognosis and suboptimal immunotherapy response in gastric cancer (GC). This study investigates the clinicopathological relevance of CLDN18.2 expression and its association with molecular subtypes in GC patients from a high-incidence region, combining transcriptomic and proteomic approaches to explore how CLDN18.2 contributes to progression and metastasis. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 494 GC patients (2019–2024) underwent immunohistochemical analysis for CLDN18.2, Epstein-Barr virus (Epstein–Barr virus–encoded RNA), p53, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, and MSH6). CLDN18.2 positivity was defined as moderate to strong (2+/3+) membranous staining in ≥75% of tumor cells. Clinicopathological correlations, biomarker associations, and survival outcomes were evaluated. Transcriptomic and proteomic sequencing was performed to explore molecular mechanisms. Results: CLDN18.2 positivity was observed in 26.9% (133/494) of gastric adenocarcinomas. CLDN18.2-positive tumors correlated with TNM stage (p = .003) and shorter overall survival (p = .018). No associations were identified with age, sex, HER2 status, microsatellite instability, or Epstein-Barr virus infection. Transcriptomic profiling revealed CLDN18.2-high tumors enriched in pathways involving cell junction disruption, signaling regulation, and immune modulation. Proteomic profiling showed that tumors with high CLDN18.2 were enriched in multiple mechanism-related pathways such as integrated metabolic reprogramming, cytoskeletal recombination, immune microenvironment dysregulation, and pro-survival signaling. These mechanisms may collectively contribute to tumor progression and metastasis. Conclusions CLDN18.2 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in GC patients. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses demonstrate that CLDN18.2 promotes tumor progression and metastasis, underscoring its potential as an independent prognostic factor in regions with a high incidence of GC.

Objective:To explore the CT and MRI features of Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) in nasal cavity and paranasal sinus.Methods:The study was a cross-sectional study. From July 2007 to August 2023, the imaging findings of 23 patients with pathologically confirmed sinonasal RDD were retrospectively analyzed in the Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University. Among 23 patients, there were nine males and 14 females with 44±16 years old. Imaging features including tumor location, the extent, density, signal, enhancement pattern of tumors, bone change, abnormal lesions in peripheral lymph nodes and other regions were recorded. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of lesions in patients performed diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) were measured.Results:For the 23 cases, totally 20 patients showed bilateral sinonasal involvement and three patients had unilateral lesions. Totally nine patients had lesions confined to the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, and 14 patients had lesions with extrasinonasal invasion, including orbit (6 cases), nasolacrimal duct (9 cases), anterior skull base (3 cases), nasal dorsum subcutaneous tissue (2 cases) and hard palate (1 case). Soft tissue lesions on the posterior wall of the subglottic trachea were found in 2 cases and intracranial lesions were found in 1 case. Totally 10 patients were accompanied by lymph nodes enlargement. The lesions showed isodense on all 20 non-contrast enhanced CT images, and mild enhancement in three cases, moderate enhancement in seven cases and significant enhancement in seven cases on CT enhancement images. Bone changes were found in 19 of 20 patients on CT, showing mild bone destruction in five cases and bone destruction with hyperplasia in 14 cases. The lesions showed isointense on T 1WI in all 14 cases. The lesions were graded as isointense in nine cases, hypointense in four cases and hyperintense in one case on T 2WI. The lesions displayed moderate to obvious homogeneous enhancement on enhanced MRI. The lesions showed significant diffusion limitation and ADC value was (0.66±0.08)×10 -3 mm 2/s in 11 cases on DWI. Conclusions:The CT and MRI imaging characteristics of sinonasal RDD are diffuse masses on both sides of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, accompanied by bone hyperplasia. The lesions show isointense or hypointense on T 2WI, and may involve adjacent tissues and may be accompanied by lymph nodes enlargement in the retropharyngeal and neck.

Objective:To explore the relationship between urinary cadmium levels and thyroid hormone levels in people aged 40-89 years old in selected areas of China.Methods:Based on the "Investigation of the Impact of Soil Quality of Agricultural Land on Human Health in Typical Areas" project from October 2019 to August 2020, a multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to include 6 588 middle-aged and older adults aged 40-89. Demographic characteristics, dietary frequency and disease status were collected through the questionnaire and physical examination. Urinary cadmium and urinary creatinine were detected by random midstream urine. Fasting venous blood was collected for the detection of Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4). The linear mixed effects model was used to explore the association of urine cadmium levels with thyroid hormone levels. Its dose-response relationship was explored by using the restricted cubic spline.Results:The age of the subjects was (63.48±12.18) years, with males accounting for 51.28%. The M ( Q 1,Q 3) of urinary cadmium level, T3 and T4 was 2.48 (1.36, 4.42) μg/g·creatinine, (1.96±0.51) nmol/L and (113.75±29.11) nmol/L, respectively. The linear mixed effects model showed that the changes of T3 and T4 were 0.027 (0.009, 0.044) nmol/L and 2.019 (1.084, 2.953) nmol/L for each one-unit increase (natural logarithm transformed) of urinary cadmium. The restricted cubic spline showed that there was a positive nonlinear association between urinary cadmium and T3 as well as T4 (all Pnonlinear<0.05). Conclusion:In selected areas of China, the urinary cadmium level of middle-aged and older adults aged 40-89 years is positively associated with T3 and T4.

Objective:To explore the relationship between urinary cadmium levels and thyroid hormone levels in people aged 40-89 years old in selected areas of China.Methods:Based on the "Investigation of the Impact of Soil Quality of Agricultural Land on Human Health in Typical Areas" project from October 2019 to August 2020, a multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to include 6 588 middle-aged and older adults aged 40-89. Demographic characteristics, dietary frequency and disease status were collected through the questionnaire and physical examination. Urinary cadmium and urinary creatinine were detected by random midstream urine. Fasting venous blood was collected for the detection of Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4). The linear mixed effects model was used to explore the association of urine cadmium levels with thyroid hormone levels. Its dose-response relationship was explored by using the restricted cubic spline.Results:The age of the subjects was (63.48±12.18) years, with males accounting for 51.28%. The M ( Q 1,Q 3) of urinary cadmium level, T3 and T4 was 2.48 (1.36, 4.42) μg/g·creatinine, (1.96±0.51) nmol/L and (113.75±29.11) nmol/L, respectively. The linear mixed effects model showed that the changes of T3 and T4 were 0.027 (0.009, 0.044) nmol/L and 2.019 (1.084, 2.953) nmol/L for each one-unit increase (natural logarithm transformed) of urinary cadmium. The restricted cubic spline showed that there was a positive nonlinear association between urinary cadmium and T3 as well as T4 (all Pnonlinear<0.05). Conclusion:In selected areas of China, the urinary cadmium level of middle-aged and older adults aged 40-89 years is positively associated with T3 and T4.

Objective:To explore the CT and MRI features of Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) in nasal cavity and paranasal sinus.Methods:The study was a cross-sectional study. From July 2007 to August 2023, the imaging findings of 23 patients with pathologically confirmed sinonasal RDD were retrospectively analyzed in the Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University. Among 23 patients, there were nine males and 14 females with 44±16 years old. Imaging features including tumor location, the extent, density, signal, enhancement pattern of tumors, bone change, abnormal lesions in peripheral lymph nodes and other regions were recorded. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of lesions in patients performed diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) were measured.Results:For the 23 cases, totally 20 patients showed bilateral sinonasal involvement and three patients had unilateral lesions. Totally nine patients had lesions confined to the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, and 14 patients had lesions with extrasinonasal invasion, including orbit (6 cases), nasolacrimal duct (9 cases), anterior skull base (3 cases), nasal dorsum subcutaneous tissue (2 cases) and hard palate (1 case). Soft tissue lesions on the posterior wall of the subglottic trachea were found in 2 cases and intracranial lesions were found in 1 case. Totally 10 patients were accompanied by lymph nodes enlargement. The lesions showed isodense on all 20 non-contrast enhanced CT images, and mild enhancement in three cases, moderate enhancement in seven cases and significant enhancement in seven cases on CT enhancement images. Bone changes were found in 19 of 20 patients on CT, showing mild bone destruction in five cases and bone destruction with hyperplasia in 14 cases. The lesions showed isointense on T 1WI in all 14 cases. The lesions were graded as isointense in nine cases, hypointense in four cases and hyperintense in one case on T 2WI. The lesions displayed moderate to obvious homogeneous enhancement on enhanced MRI. The lesions showed significant diffusion limitation and ADC value was (0.66±0.08)×10 -3 mm 2/s in 11 cases on DWI. Conclusions:The CT and MRI imaging characteristics of sinonasal RDD are diffuse masses on both sides of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, accompanied by bone hyperplasia. The lesions show isointense or hypointense on T 2WI, and may involve adjacent tissues and may be accompanied by lymph nodes enlargement in the retropharyngeal and neck.

Cockayne syndrome(CS)group B(CSB),which results from mutations in the excision repair cross-complementation group 6(ERCC6)genes,which produce CSB protein,is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by multiple progressive disorders including growth failure,microcephaly,skin photosensitivity,and premature aging.Clinical data show that brain atrophy,demyelination,and calcification are the main neurological manifestations of CS,which progress with time.Neuronal loss and calcification occur in various brain areas,particularly the cerebellum and basal ganglia,resulting in dyskinesia,ataxia,and limb tremors in CSB patients.However,the understanding of neurodevelopmental defects in CS has been constrained by the lack of significant neurodevelopmental and functional abnormalities observed in CSB-deficient mice.In this review,we focus on elucidating the protein structure and distribution of CSB and delve into the impact of CSB mutations on the development and function of the nervous system.In addition,we provide an overview of research models that have been instrumental in exploring CS disorders,with a forward-looking perspective on the substantial contributions that brain organoids are poised to further advance this field.

ObjectiveTo explore the impact of the interaction between occupational and non-occupational noise exposure on the risk of high-frequency hearing loss (HFHL) in noise-exposed workers. Methods A total of 602 male workers with normal hearing, engaged in an automobile manufacturing company between 2016 and 2018, were selected as the study subjects using the retrospective cohort study method. Pure-tone audiometry and questionnaire surveys were conducted on the workers. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to analyze the interaction between occupational and non-occupational noise exposure and the risk of HFHL in these workers. Results The prevalence of HFHL of the workers was 34.1% in 2020, without any cases of speech frequency hearing loss. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis result showed that the risk of HFHL increased in workers with excessive national occupational noise exposure intensity, self-reported noisy living environments, and both excessive national occupational noise exposure intensity and self-reported noisy living environments (all P<0.01). The results of the Cox proportional hazards model showed that the combined effect of excessive national occupational noise exposure intensity and self-reported noisy living environments [relative risk (RR)=2.40, P<0.01] was higher than the individual effects of excessive national occupational noise exposure intensity (RR=2.09, P<0.01) and self-reported noisy living environments (RR=2.39, P<0.01). There was an antagonistic effect between excessive national occupational noise exposure intensity and self-reported noisy living environments (interaction index <1.00). Conclusion Both occupational and non-occupational noise exposure can increase the risk of HFHL in noise-exposed workers, and there is an interaction between them.

ObjectiveTo analyze the research status and trends in low-level occupational benzene exposure. Methods Articles on low-level occupational benzene exposure from Chinese and English journals from January 1st, 2000, to December 31th, 2022 were retrieved using the Web of Science and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and a bibliometric analysis was conducted. Results A total of 327 articles were included in the analysis, comprising 216 English articles and 111 Chinese articles. i) The number of articles published in English fluctuates greatly over the years, without a trend of continuous growth or decline. Authors from 359 research institutions in 45 countries and regions have published relevant English articles in 97 kinds of journals, involving 281 grants from 226 foundations. The top three countries in terms of articles amount were the United States, Italy, and China, with 81, 46, and 43 papers, respectively. The English articles mainly focused on mechanistic research at the genetic level, such as hematotoxicity, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. ii) The number of Chinese articles increased gradually after 2012, with the growth peak in 2017. Authors from 127 research institutions in 26 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities published Chinese articles in 51 kinds of journals, involving 154 grants from 78 foundations. Chinese articles tended to focus on benzene-induced hematotoxicity and occupational health damage. Conclusion Most studies on low-level occupational benzene exposure were conducted in China, the United States and Italy, focused on hematotoxicity. Monitoring international research topics and hotspots of the field has certain reference value for related research in China.

AIM: To explore the variance in efficacy between botulinum toxin A(BTA)injection and extraocular muscle surgery in managing large-angle(≥+60 PD)acute acquired concomitant esotropia(AACE).METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 60 patients with AACE treated at our hospital from June 2020 to December 2022. Patients were divided into three groups based on different treatments: 2.5 IU BTA injection group(14 cases), 5.0 IU BTA injection group(29 cases), and surgical group(17 cases). Follow-up was conducted for 6 mo after treatment to observe the degree of strabismus after the correction of refractive error, visual function, treatment effectiveness, and occurrence of complications after BTA injection.RESULTS: At 6 mo post-treatment, the degree of strabismus in the surgical group and the 5.0 IU BTA injection group was lower than that in the 2.5 IU BTA injection group(P<0.017). However, there was no significant difference in the degree of strabismus between the surgical group and the 5.0 IU BTA injection group(P>0.017). The effective rate of the 5.0 IU BTA injection group was higher than that of the 2.5 IU BTA injection group(86% vs 43%, P<0.017). There was no difference in visual function among the three groups(P>0.05). The incidence of complications after treatment was not significantly different between the 2.5 IU BTA injection group and the 5.0 IU BTA injection group(43% vs 52%, P>0.05).CONCLUSION: For AACE patients with esotropia degree ≥+60 PD, bilateral medial rectus injection of 5.0 IU BTA can yield outcomes comparable to traditional extraocular muscle surgery, with the advantages of minimal trauma and simple and convenient operation.