OBJECTIVES: To study the value of basal luteinizing hormone (LH) level combined with uterine volume measurement in the early diagnosis of central precocious puberty (CPP) in girls with different Tanner stages. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the girls who presented with breast development before the age of 8 years and attended the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2017 to September 2022. According to the results of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist test, the girls with peak LH ≥5.0 IU/L and peak LH/follicle stimulating hormone ≥0.6 were enrolled as the positive group, and the other girls were enrolled as the negative group. The two groups were compared in terms of the basal LH level and uterine volume. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze their value in the early diagnosis of CPP. RESULTS: For the girls with Tanner B2 and B3 stages, the positive group had significantly higher basal LH level and uterine volume than the negative group (P<0.05). The basal LH level had an optimal cut-off value of 0.325 IU/L and 0.505 IU/L respectively in the diagnosis of Tanner stage B2/B3 CPP, while uterine volume had an optimal cut-off value of 1.639 mL and 2.158 mL respectively. Basal LH level combined with uterine volume measurement had a significantly larger area under the ROC curve than uterine volume measurement alone (P<0.001), but with no significant difference compared with that of basal LH level measurement alone (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Basal LH level combined with uterine volume measurement is valuable in the early diagnosis of CPP in girls with different Tanner stages, which provides a basis and guiding significance for clinical diagnosis of CPP.
Child ; Female ; Humans ; Early Diagnosis ; Luteinizing Hormone/chemistry* ; Puberty, Precocious/diagnosis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Uterus/pathology*

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the toxic effects of mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on Mice Testis related enzymes and hormones.

METHODSAfter determining the median lethal dose (LD₅₀) of VOCs using the acute toxicity test, 40 male clean inbred Kunming mice were assigned to 1/8 LD₅₀ VOCs exposure group, 1/4 LD₅₀ VOCs exposure group, and 1/2 LD₅₀ VOCs exposure group, as well as positive control group with cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg) and negative control group with tea oil, with 8 mice in each group. The mice were intraperitoneally injected with respective agents for 5 days. The levels of testis testosterone, estradiol, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone were determined by ELISA. Meanwhile, the activity of testicular marked enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, acid phosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were examined.

RESULTSCompared with the negative control group, the 1/8 LD₅₀ exposure group had a significantly increased testis coefficient (P<0.05). Both the activity of testicular marked enzymes and the levels of testicular sex hormones in all exposure groups showed significant downward trends with increasing VOC doses compared with those in the negative control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONVOCs have obvious toxicity to mouse testis by changing the levels of testicular sex hormones and the activity of testicular marked enzymes.

Animals ; Estradiol ; chemistry ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; chemistry ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; chemistry ; Luteinizing Hormone ; chemistry ; Male ; Mice ; Testis ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Testosterone ; chemistry ; Volatile Organic Compounds ; toxicity

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Morina Officinalis How (MOH) on the abnormal levels of serum luteotrophic hormone (LH) and LH receptor (LHR) in the testis tissue induced by cellphone radiation (CPR) in rats.

METHODSFifty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups of equal number: sham CPR, untreated CPR, negative double distilled water (DDW) control, aqueous MOH extract, and alcohol MOH extract. All the animals were exposed to mobile phone radiation except those of the sham CPR group. Then, the rats of the latter two groups were treated intragastrically with MOH at 20 g per kg of the body weight per day in water and alcohol, respectively. After 2. weeks of treatment, all the rats were sacrificed for measurement of the levels of serum LH and LHR in the testis tissue.

RESULTSThe levels of serum LH and LHR were 30.15 ± 8.71 and 33.28 ± 6.61 in the aqueous MOH group and 0.96 ± 0.06 and 0.94 ± 0.08 in the alcohol MOH group, both significantly decreased as compared with the negative DDW controls (P < 0.05), but with no remarkable difference between the two MOH groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMOH can improve CPR-induced abnormality of LH and LHR in adult male rats.

Animals ; Cell Phone ; Electromagnetic Radiation ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Male ; Morinda ; chemistry ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental ; blood ; drug therapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Receptors, LH ; blood ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Testis ; radiation effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Chinese medicine (CM) Schisandra chinensis on interleukin (IL), glucose metabolism, and pituitary-adrenal and gonadal axis of rats after strenuous navigation and exercise.

METHODSA total of 45 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into the quiet control group, the stress group, and the CM group (15 in each group). The CM group received 2.5 g/kg of Schisandra chinensis twice per day for one week before modeling. Except the quiet controls, rats were trained using the Bedford mode for 10 days. On the 11th day, they performed 3 h of stressful experimental navigation and 3 h of strenuous treadmill exercise. The levels of serum testosterone (T), cortisol (CORT), luteinizing hormone (LH), IL-1, IL-2, and IL-6 were tested by radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The adrenal cortex ultrastructure was observed using electron microscopy.

RESULTSCompared with the quiet control group, after navigation and strenuous exercise, blood glucose was increased, and T level was decreased in the stress group (both P<0.01). The blood glucose, CORT, IL-1 and IL-2 levels were significantly reduced in the CM group (P<0.05 or P<0.01) as compared with the stress group. Electron microscopy revealed that the rats in the CM group had a smaller decrease in adrenal intracellular lipid droplets and higher levels of apoptosis than those in the stress group.

CONCLUSIONSSchisandra chinensis can reduce serum CORT and blood glucose levels in stressed rats. It appears to protect the cell structure of the adrenal cortex, and offset the negative effects of psychological stress and strenuous exercise related to immune dysfunction. Schisandra chinensis plays a regulatory role in immune function, and can decrease the influence of stress in rats.

Adrenal Cortex ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Gonads ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Hydrocortisone ; blood ; Interleukin-1 ; blood ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Interleukins ; blood ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; Male ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Schisandra ; chemistry ; Swimming ; physiology ; Testosterone ; blood

OBJECTIVETo explore the influence of water fluoride exposure on reproductive hormones in female.

METHODSCross-sectional study was conducted in seven villages of a county in Henan province by using simple random sampling including high fluoride area, defluoridation project area and control area on April, 2011 based on the preliminary study results of fluoride concentration in drinking water. Women who were born and growth or lived in the village at least 5 years and aged 18-48 years old were recruited using cluster sampling. They were divided into high fluoride group (HFG, 116 subjects), defluoridation project group (DFPG, 132 subjects) and control group (CG, 227 subjects) in accordance with the above areas. All subjects accepted questionnaire and physical checkup. Fasting blood and morning urine samples were collected. The concentration of fluoride in urine was determined by fluoride ion selective electrode method. The serum level of GnRH was detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serum level of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T), estradiol (E2) were determined by chemiluminesence immunoassay (CLIA).

RESULTSThe average age was (39.44 ± 7.34), (38.84 ± 8.03), (37.45 ± 7.70) years old in female from DFPG, HFG and CG respectively, there were no significant differences among the three groups (F = 3.02, P = 0.05). The urine fluoride levels were (1.34 ± 1.07), (2.59 ± 1.57), (0.92 ± 0.46) mg/ml in female from DFPG, HFG and CG respectively, there was a significant difference among three groups (F = 105.38, P < 0.01). No significant differences were observed of serum GnRH, LH, T, FSH and E2 among three groups in follicular phase (P > 0.05). The serum levels of E2 in Ovulatory period were 67.73, 58.09, 84.96 pg/ml in female from DFPG, HFG and CG respectively. It was lower in HFG than that in CG (H = 4.00, P < 0.05). The serum levels of T in Ovulatory period were 0.55, 0.45, 0.55 ng/ml in female from DFPG, HFG and CG respectively. It was lower in HFG than that in DFPG (H = 6.47, P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between HFG and CG (H = 2.41, P > 0.05). The serum levels of GnRH in Luteal phase were 24.09, 20.16, 23.50 ng/ml in female from DFPG, HFG and CG respectively. It was lower in HFG than that in DFPG (H = 14.14, P < 0.05) and CG (H = 12.53, P < 0.05). The serum level of E2 in luteal phase were 81.47, 64.60, 74.55 pg/ml in female from DFPG, HFG and CG respectively. It was lower in HFG than that in DFPG (H = 5.69, P < 0.05). As for LH, FSH and T, no significant differences were observed among the three groups (P > 0.05 respectively). The abnormal rates of E2 level were 22.73 (30/102), 37.93 (44/72), 20.26 (46/181) in female from DFPG, HFG and CG respectively. The E2 abnormal rate in female from HFG was higher that from DFPG (χ(2) = 6.82, P < 0.05) and CG (χ(2) = 12.38, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONFluoride exposure may influence reproductive hormones in female, especially in ovulatory and luteal phase of menstrual cycle.

Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drinking Water ; chemistry ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Estradiol ; blood ; Female ; Fluorides ; adverse effects ; urine ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; blood ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; blood ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; Menstrual Cycle ; drug effects ; Middle Aged ; Progesterone ; blood ; Testosterone ; blood

OBJECTIVETo explore the efficacy of Schizandra Chinensis polysaccharide (SCP) on cyclophosphamide (CTX) induced dyszoospermia of rats and its effects on reproductive hormones.

METHODSSCP was extracted by ethanol-alkali solution. Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the model group, the low dose SCP group (100 mg/kg), the middle dose SCP group (200 mg/kg), and the high dose SCP group (400 mg/kg). Except the normal control group, the dyezoospermia rat model was established by peritoneal injection of CTX at the daily dose of 80 mg/kg, once daily for 5 successive days. After modeling, SCP was intragastrically administered at corresponding dose to the three SCP groups. Equal volume of normal saline was given to rats in the normal control group and the model group by gastrogavage. All the medication was performed once daily for 60 successive days. The blood serum and testis were withdrawal 24 h after the last intragastric administration. The levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (T) in the testis homogenate were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The sperm count, the motility rate, and the teratospermia rate were compared. The morphology of the testis was observed using HE staining.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, the sperm count and the motility rate decreased, the teratospermia rate increased, the serum levels of FSH and LH increased, the T content in the testis homogenate decreased in the model group, showing statistical difference (P <0.01). Compared with the model group, the sperm count and the motility rate increased, the teratospermia rate decreased, the serum levels of FSH and LH decreased, the T content in the testis homogenate increased in the model group, showing statistical difference (P <0.01, P <0.05). All the indices showed dose-dependent manner in the SCP groups. The histological results showed the pathological injury in the testicular tissue was improved in all SCP groups.

CONCLUSIONSCP showed obvious therapeutical effects on CTX induced dyszoospermia in rats, and its mechanisms might be correlate with recovering the regulation function of hypothalamus-hypophysis-gonad axis.

Animals ; Cyclophosphamide ; adverse effects ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; metabolism ; Luteinizing Hormone ; metabolism ; Male ; Polysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Schisandra ; chemistry ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility ; drug effects ; Spermatozoa ; drug effects ; pathology ; Testis ; pathology ; Testosterone ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of environmental multi-media lead pollution on blood lead and sex hormone levels among lead exposed males engaged in E-waste dismantling, and the correlation between confounding factors and sex hormone levels.

METHODSAn E-waste dismantling area in Taizhou of Zhejiang Province was selected as the research site. One hundred and fifty two samples were collected from the groundwater, soil, rice, corn, chicken, and pork in the dismantling area. The effects of the multi-media lead pollution on the male blood lead and sex hormone levels of FSH, LH, and T, as well as the correlation with confounding factors, were studied.

RESULTSThe blood lead concentrations in the males aged under 31, from 31 to 45 and from 46 to 60 were 98.55, 100.23, and 101.45 μg/L, respectively. Of all the environmental media lead exposures, the groundwater, rice and soil were main contributing factors to the lead accumulation in humans. FSH and LH levels increased with the age while the T levels decreased with the age instead. There was a significant correlation between the FSH and LH levels and wearing masks.

CONCLUSIONThere was correlation between the FSH, LH, and T levels, and the mean values of lead concentrations in environmental media, and the sex hormone levels were correlated with the confounding factor of wearing masks.

Adult ; Electronic Waste ; analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; Environmental Pollutants ; blood ; chemistry ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; blood ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; blood ; Humans ; Lead ; blood ; chemistry ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Refuse Disposal ; methods ; Testosterone ; blood

AIMTo investigate the influence of an extract obtained from five Chinese medicinal plants on sexual behavior of adult male rats.

METHODSThe extract was administered at doses of 30, 60 and 120 mg/kg by oral gavage, acutely (one time, 45 min before mating test) or subchronically (daily for 10 days) in sexually potent and sexually sluggish/impotent rats. Sexual behavior, serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) were evaluated in treated rats and compared with controls receiving vehicle. The effect of the extract on central dopaminergic neurotransmission was assessed in the nucleus accumbens using a microdialysis technique.

RESULTSIn sexually potent rats, both acute and subchronic treatment with the extract dosed at 30 and 60 mg/kg reduced mount latency and intromission latency. In sluggish/impotent rats, the acutely administered extract at the dose of 60 mg/kg shortened ejaculation latency, whereas subchronically administered at the doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg, reduced mount, intromission and ejaculation latencies, increasing also the percentage of mounting and ejaculating rats. The extract dosed at 60 mg/kg significantly increased LH and T following acute and subchronic administration and increased 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid levels in the nucleus accumbens, 30 min after the acute administration.

CONCLUSIONThe improvement in both appetitive and consummatory components of sexual behavior observed in male rats treated with the extract could be ascribed to increased serum T level in parallel with the activation of the central dopaminergic system.

Animals ; Brain Chemistry ; drug effects ; Central Nervous System ; drug effects ; Copulation ; drug effects ; Dopamine ; physiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Ejaculation ; drug effects ; Erectile Dysfunction ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; blood ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; Male ; Microdialysis ; Motivation ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Stimulation, Chemical ; Synaptic Transmission ; drug effects ; Testosterone ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGB) on the testosterone synthesis in the Leydig cells of type 2 diabetic rats.

METHODSThirty male SD rats were equally randomised into a normal control, a type 2 diabetic and an EGB group. Morphological changes of Leydig cells were observed by light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), concentrations of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the mRNA levels in the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage (P450scc), cytochrome P450 17a-hydroxylase (P450c17), 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 (17beta-HSD3) and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD1) from the Leydig cells were examined by RT-PCR.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control, there was a significant decrease in the number and volume of Leydig cells, the levels of serum LH and T and the expression of mRNA in StAR, P450scc, 17beta-HSD3 and 3beta-HSD1 in the type 2 diabetes group. And the expression of the P450c17 gene showed a tendency of descending, but with no significance. Compared with the type 2 diabetes group, 12 weeks of EGB treatment caused very slight pathological changes in the Leydig cells, significantly increased the concentrations of blood LH and T, markedly elevated the levels of mRNA in StAR and P450scc and induced an ascending tendency of the expressions of P450c17, 17beta-HSD3 and 3beta-HSD1.

CONCLUSIONEGB enhances testosterone synthesis and secretion of Leydig cells by reducing the impairment of the testis in type 2 diabetic rats.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases ; genetics ; Animals ; Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme ; genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases ; genetics ; Leydig Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Phosphoproteins ; genetics ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Testosterone ; biosynthesis ; blood

The Cajanus cajan L. is a natural plant, which contains lots of potential active components. The effects of the stilbene extracts from Cajanus cajan L. (sECC) on ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss in rats were identified. All experimental female rats were divided into 6 groups, i. e. sham-operated rats, OVX rats, 17beta-estradiol (E2)-treated rats, sECC-treated rats with three dosages, 50, 100, and 200 mg x kg(-1), separately. Two weeks after the operation, different dosage of sECC, E2 or deionized water were given to the 6 groups of rats, respectively for another 8 weeks through stomach. Then, all rats were killed. The body weight and uterus wet weight were measured. Contents of serum E2, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Femoral morphology was observed by HE stain. The results showed that there were no changes of the uterine weight and serum E2 concentration in sECC-treated rats compared with OVX rats. However, the serum FSH and LH concentrations reduced by 11.5% and 15.2% (P < 0.05), respectively. By HE staining, it is found that the 60% of the femur structure had been significantly improved in OVX rats treated with 200 mg x kg(-1) of sECC. The trabeculae were thicker and larger than that of OVX rats. It is clear that sECC improved femoral morphological structure and decreased FSH and LH contents without affecting serum E2 level and uterine weight in OVX rats. The results suggested that sECC had potential action in treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Animals ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Cajanus ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Estradiol ; blood ; Female ; Femur ; pathology ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; blood ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; Organ Size ; drug effects ; Osteoporosis ; blood ; pathology ; Ovariectomy ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Uterus ; pathology