The construction of identifying concepts in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） represents a fundamental and prerequisite task for establishing an independent knowledge system of TCM. By defining the principles for the extraction and the methods for constructing TCM identifying concepts， this paper proposes that such concepts should possess the characteristics of being framework-oriented， autonomous， extensible， inheritable， and cross-disciplinary， and should follow a structural framework of "worldview-thinking mode-methodology". Based on this framework， typical TCM identifying concepts， including qi， yin-yang， five elements， visceral manifestation， meridians and collaterals， body fluids， xiang （manifestation）， four diagnostic methods， pattern differentiation， preventive treatment of disease， treating disease by seeking the root cause， prescription-syndrome， four natures and five flavors， and combination of medicinals， are extracted from four classical texts，i.e. The Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor （《黄帝内经》）， The Classic of Difficult Issues （《难经》）， Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases （《伤寒杂病论》）， and Shen Nong's Classic of the Materia Medica （《神农本草经》）. Their interrelationships are further elucidated. Exploring a pathway for constructing TCM identifying concepts will not only facilitate the development of an independent know-ledge system of TCM and promote its inheritance and innovative development， but also provide a reference for the establishment of independent knowledge systems in other disciplines.

The construction of identifying concepts in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） represents a fundamental and prerequisite task for establishing an independent knowledge system of TCM. By defining the principles for the extraction and the methods for constructing TCM identifying concepts， this paper proposes that such concepts should possess the characteristics of being framework-oriented， autonomous， extensible， inheritable， and cross-disciplinary， and should follow a structural framework of "worldview-thinking mode-methodology". Based on this framework， typical TCM identifying concepts， including qi， yin-yang， five elements， visceral manifestation， meridians and collaterals， body fluids， xiang （manifestation）， four diagnostic methods， pattern differentiation， preventive treatment of disease， treating disease by seeking the root cause， prescription-syndrome， four natures and five flavors， and combination of medicinals， are extracted from four classical texts，i.e. The Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor （《黄帝内经》）， The Classic of Difficult Issues （《难经》）， Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases （《伤寒杂病论》）， and Shen Nong's Classic of the Materia Medica （《神农本草经》）. Their interrelationships are further elucidated. Exploring a pathway for constructing TCM identifying concepts will not only facilitate the development of an independent know-ledge system of TCM and promote its inheritance and innovative development， but also provide a reference for the establishment of independent knowledge systems in other disciplines.

Objective To investigate the effect of drug-eluting bead DACE(DEB-TACE)combined with systemic treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in different locations.Methods A total of 204 HCC patients who underwent DEB-TACE combined with systemic therapy(targeted and immunotherapy)were retrospectively collected.According to the anatomical location of HCC,86 cases with lesions located at the main trunk of portal vein(PV)or within 1 cm of the first PV branch were classified into central type group,while 118 cases with lesions located at the other areas were classified as peripheral type group.Follow-up was regularly performed after DEB-TACE until August,2024.The objective response rate(ORR)and disease control rate(DCR)at 1,3,6 and 12 months after DEB-TACE,also patients'progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)were compared between groups.Results All patients were followed up for a median of 32.6 months,during which 164 cases died.Significant differences of ORR at 1 and 3 months after DEB-TACE(77.91％[67/86]vs.89.83％[106/118],34.88％[30/86]vs.54.24％[64/118])and DCR at 3 and 6 months after DEB-TACE(51.16％[44/86]vs.66.95％[79/118],34.88％[30/86]vs.50.00％[59/118])were found between groups(all P＜0.05).Patients'PFS(30.18[9.12,48.54]months)and OS(37.36[17.79,56.68])in peripheral type group were better than those in central type group(20.11[11.35,28.87]months and 23.24[3.11,43.47]months,x2=3.971,4.162,P=0.048,0.041).Conclusion The effect of DEB-TACE combined with systemic treatment for peripheral type HCC was better than for central type HCC.

Ligusticum sinense cv.Fuxiong derived from"Xiongqiong",and in the Song Dynasty's Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang,it was already distinguished from Chuanxiong Rhizoma in usage.Doctors in the Ming Dynasty further clarified the differences in efficacy between the two.However,with the widespread circulation of Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Ligusticum sinense cv.Fuxiong gradually became marginalized,serving as a substitute,and is now only cultivated and used in small quantities within Jiangxi Province.This article reviewed the prescriptions and the ancient Chinese medical books that have records of Ligusticum sinense cv.Fuxiong,analyzed its specific applications alongside Chuanxiong Rhizoma in prescriptions and case studies to elucidate their differences in efficacy:Ligusticum sinense cv.Fuxiong is pungent and has strong dispersing power and is good at unblocking meridians and promoting qi circulation,which is suitable for excessive syndromes;Chuanxiong Rhizoma is good at promoting blood circulation and relieving pain,and is good at regulating and nourishing,which is suitable for patients with deficiency syndromes,aiming to provide insights and recommendations for the further development and rational clinical medication of Ligusticum sinense cv.Fuxiong.

Ligusticum sinense cv.Fuxiong derived from"Xiongqiong",and in the Song Dynasty's Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang,it was already distinguished from Chuanxiong Rhizoma in usage.Doctors in the Ming Dynasty further clarified the differences in efficacy between the two.However,with the widespread circulation of Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Ligusticum sinense cv.Fuxiong gradually became marginalized,serving as a substitute,and is now only cultivated and used in small quantities within Jiangxi Province.This article reviewed the prescriptions and the ancient Chinese medical books that have records of Ligusticum sinense cv.Fuxiong,analyzed its specific applications alongside Chuanxiong Rhizoma in prescriptions and case studies to elucidate their differences in efficacy:Ligusticum sinense cv.Fuxiong is pungent and has strong dispersing power and is good at unblocking meridians and promoting qi circulation,which is suitable for excessive syndromes;Chuanxiong Rhizoma is good at promoting blood circulation and relieving pain,and is good at regulating and nourishing,which is suitable for patients with deficiency syndromes,aiming to provide insights and recommendations for the further development and rational clinical medication of Ligusticum sinense cv.Fuxiong.

Objective To investigate the effect of drug-eluting bead DACE(DEB-TACE)combined with systemic treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in different locations.Methods A total of 204 HCC patients who underwent DEB-TACE combined with systemic therapy(targeted and immunotherapy)were retrospectively collected.According to the anatomical location of HCC,86 cases with lesions located at the main trunk of portal vein(PV)or within 1 cm of the first PV branch were classified into central type group,while 118 cases with lesions located at the other areas were classified as peripheral type group.Follow-up was regularly performed after DEB-TACE until August,2024.The objective response rate(ORR)and disease control rate(DCR)at 1,3,6 and 12 months after DEB-TACE,also patients'progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)were compared between groups.Results All patients were followed up for a median of 32.6 months,during which 164 cases died.Significant differences of ORR at 1 and 3 months after DEB-TACE(77.91％[67/86]vs.89.83％[106/118],34.88％[30/86]vs.54.24％[64/118])and DCR at 3 and 6 months after DEB-TACE(51.16％[44/86]vs.66.95％[79/118],34.88％[30/86]vs.50.00％[59/118])were found between groups(all P＜0.05).Patients'PFS(30.18[9.12,48.54]months)and OS(37.36[17.79,56.68])in peripheral type group were better than those in central type group(20.11[11.35,28.87]months and 23.24[3.11,43.47]months,x2=3.971,4.162,P=0.048,0.041).Conclusion The effect of DEB-TACE combined with systemic treatment for peripheral type HCC was better than for central type HCC.

Promoting the international acceptance of clinical studies about traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) interventions is a key strategy for internationalization of TCM. However, the complexities of TCM interventions—in terms of the theories, practice patterns, and components—pose challenges to the design and implementation of clinical studies that are well accepted by the international community. This article summarized the current status of clinical studies about TCM interventions that were published in international journals, explored underlying barriers hindering the international acceptance, and discussed potential strategies for future development.

Promoting the international acceptance of clinical studies about traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) interventions is a key strategy for internationalization of TCM. However, the complexities of TCM interventions—in terms of the theories, practice patterns, and components—pose challenges to the design and implementation of clinical studies that are well accepted by the international community. This article summarized the current status of clinical studies about TCM interventions that were published in international journals, explored underlying barriers hindering the international acceptance, and discussed potential strategies for future development.

Promoting the international acceptance of clinical studies about traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) interventions is a key strategy for internationalization of TCM. However, the complexities of TCM interventions—in terms of the theories, practice patterns, and components—pose challenges to the design and implementation of clinical studies that are well accepted by the international community. This article summarized the current status of clinical studies about TCM interventions that were published in international journals, explored underlying barriers hindering the international acceptance, and discussed potential strategies for future development.

Objective:To express and block the VP7 protein of human group H rotavirus (group H rotavirus, RVH) J19, and to prepare the polyclonal adsorbent polyantibody function of VP7 for identification.Methods:The VP7 protein of human H rotavirus J19 strain was expressed by baculovirus system, and the protein was blocked by affinity chromatography and hydrophobic chromatography. The VP7 polyantiserum was prepared by immunizing the VP7 protein of human H group H rotavirus J19, and the VP7 polyantiserum was identified by ELISA, Western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence.Results:Soluble J19 VP7 protein was obtained. J19 VP7 rabbit polyclonal antibody was prepared. ELISA showed that VP7 polyclonal antibody had a good binding effect, binding to human RVH VP7 protein at 2 048 000-fold. WB showed that the polyclonal antibody could bind to J19 VP7 protein; Immunofluorescence assay showed that VP7 polyclonal antibody could specifically recognize human group H rotavirus J19.Conclusions:The J19 VP7 protein of human H rotavirus was successfully obtained, and the prepared VP7 polyclonal antibody could recognize human H rotavirus, which provided a basis for the detection of human H rotavirus and the study of the structure and function of the viral capsid.