BackgroundPostpartum depression （PPD） is a prevalent postpartum complications that significantly compromises women's psychological and physical well-being. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS）， a conventional neuromodulation technique， has been increasingly used in the treatment of PPD. However， high-quality evidence regarding its efficacy and safety remains limited. ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of rTMS in the treatment of PPD， thereby providing references for clinical treatment. MethodsDatabases including Cochrane Library， PubMed， Embase， CNKI， Wanfang， VIP and China Biology Medicine disc （CBM） were electronically searched for randomized controlled trials （RCTs） on rTMS for PPD， with the search spanning from database inception to February 8， 2025. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 5.0.1， and the certainty of evidence was graded according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment， Development and Evaluation （GRADE） approach. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0. The outcomes of the Meta-analysis included the total effective rate， Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale （EPDS） score， Hamilton Depression Rating Scale （HAMD） score， and adverse reactions （dizziness， headache， nausea， diarrhea， and the overall incidence of adverse reactions）. ResultsA total of 11 studies involving 729 patients with PPD were included. Meta-analysis results showed that the total effective rate in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group （OR=5.54， 95% CI： 3.07–10.01， P<0.01）. Both EPDS score （SMD=-2.38， 95% CI： -3.39–-1.37， P<0.01） and HAMD score （SMD=2.53， 95% CI： 1.21–3.85， P<0.01） in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group， with statistically significant differences. Comparisons between the study group and control group reveal no significant differences in the incidence of dizziness and headache （RR=1.47， 95% CI： 0.63–3.43， P>0.05）， nausea （RR=1.46， 95% CI： 0.55–3.86， P>0.05）， diarrhea （RR=0.71， 95% CI： 0.23–2.20， P>0.05）， and overall adverse reactions （RR=1.30， 95% CI： 0.79–2.15， P>0.05）. GRADE assessment rated the four indicators of dizziness and headache， diarrhea， overall incidence of adverse reactions， and EPDS score as "moderate-certainty evidence"， and rated the total effective rate， nausea， and the HAMD score as "low-certainty evidence". ConclusionrTMS demonstrates certain therapeutic efficacy for PPD， with a safety profile comparable to conventional treatment. ［Funded by Sichuan Psychological Society Research Planning Project （number， SCSXLXH202403099）； Guiding Science and Technology Plan Project of Guangyuan （number， 23ZDYF0095）］

BACKGROUND:Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes may play a crucial role in tissue damage repair,and miRNA is an important component of exosomes for therapeutic effects.Among them,miR-29b-3p has the effect of reducing cell apoptosis,promoting axonal regeneration,and angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE:To study the protective effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome via miR-29b-3p on a neural cell injury model simulated by H2O2-treated PC12 cells,and explore the relevant mechanisms. METHODS:(1)First,the collagenase digestion method was used to extract rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were transfected with miR-29b-3p mimics and inhibitors.Exosomes were extracted from the culture supernatant by ultracentrifugation and identified so as to construct adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes with high expression and knockdown miR-29b-3p.(2)By constructing a neural cell injury model simulated by PC12 cells treated with H2O2,the relevant mechanisms of the protective effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome via miR-29b-3p on the simulated neuronal cell injury model were studied. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome had a typical cup-shaped shape and a diameter distribution in the range of 50-140 nm,expressed membrane proteins Alix,CD63,and TSG101,which were specific markers on the surface of exosomes,and could be successfully ingested by PC12 cells.(2)Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome pretreatment could reduce cell apoptosis induced by H2O2 treatment in PC12 cells,and this protective effect was enhanced with the increase of miR-29b-3p expression in the exosomes and weakened with the decrease of miR-29b-3p expression in the exosomes.The mechanism of its effect was related to adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome via miR-29b-3p promoting the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and inhibiting the expression of apoptotic protein Bax.

Infertility treatment with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) involves several processes such as the production of zygote (fusion of sperm and oocyte), the culturing of embryos (from zygote to blastocyst stage), and embryo transfer to uterus. The development of culturing embryos from zygote to blastocyst stage is typically called "embryo preimplantation development". In human, it has been noted that from zygote to 8-cell stage of embryo development relies on the accumulation of proteins and mRNAs which the oocyte itself has got, and then continues to develop into the blastocyst stage after zygote genome activation (ZGA). Therefore, in vitro culture of embryos from zygote to blastocyst stage is relatively important for IVF treatment. The composition of culture media directly affects the development of embryos, and in turn, subsequently affects the outcome of the IVF treatment. Among them, lactate may play an important role in early cleavage of zygote during embryonic development cultured in vitro. In this review, we discussed the composition of developed media from zygote to blastocyst stage, dealing especially with the function of lactate in culture for embryonic development. Concurrently, we discussed commercially available materials for the lactate that are used in the making of culture media.

Infertility treatment with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) involves several processes such as the production of zygote (fusion of sperm and oocyte), the culturing of embryos (from zygote to blastocyst stage), and embryo transfer to uterus. The development of culturing embryos from zygote to blastocyst stage is typically called "embryo preimplantation development". In human, it has been noted that from zygote to 8-cell stage of embryo development relies on the accumulation of proteins and mRNAs which the oocyte itself has got, and then continues to develop into the blastocyst stage after zygote genome activation (ZGA). Therefore, in vitro culture of embryos from zygote to blastocyst stage is relatively important for IVF treatment. The composition of culture media directly affects the development of embryos, and in turn, subsequently affects the outcome of the IVF treatment. Among them, lactate may play an important role in early cleavage of zygote during embryonic development cultured in vitro. In this review, we discussed the composition of developed media from zygote to blastocyst stage, dealing especially with the function of lactate in culture for embryonic development. Concurrently, we discussed commercially available materials for the lactate that are used in the making of culture media.

Objective: Buyinqianzheng Formula (BYQZF) is clinically employed in traditional Chinese medicine to treat Parkinson's disease (PD) by improving mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanisms by which BYQZF affects mitochondrial morphology remain unknown. Therefore, we observed the effects of BYQZF on mitochondria from the perspective of the PINK1/Parkin pathway. Methods: Cell survival rates were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Expression levels of PINK1 and Parkin mRNA were examined by qRT-PCR. Protein expression levels of PINK1, PINK1-Ser228, Parkin, Parkin-Ser65, Drp1, and Drp1-Ser637 were examined by western blotting. PINK1, Parkin, and Mito-Tracker? Red CMXRos (MTR) were stained by triple-labeled immunofluorescence, and observed under laser confocal microscopy. Results: Cell survival rate, mitochondrial form factor, mean length and number of mitochondrial network branches, mitochondrial activity, mRNA expression levels of PINK1 and Parkin, and protein expression levels of PINK1, Parkin, and Drp1-Ser637 were reduced after 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) intervention. In contrast, Pearson's correlation coefficients between PINK1 and Parkin, and between Parkin and MTR, as well as protein expression levels of PINK1-Ser228, Parkin-Ser65, and Drp1 increased significantly after MPP+intervention. Treatment with BYQZF increased cell survival rate, mitochondrial form factor, mean length and number of mitochondrial network branches, mitochondrial activity, mRNA expression levels of PINK1 and Parkin, and expression of PINK1, Parkin, and Drp1-Ser637 proteins. Pearson's correlation coefficients between PINK1 and Parkin, and between Parkin and MTR, as well as protein expression levels of PINK1-Ser228, Parkin-Ser65, and Drp1 decreased after BYQZF treatment. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that BYQZF has a protective effect on mitochondrial molecular mechanisms in the PD cell model, and the mechanism is related to the PINK1/Parkin pathway.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intense pulsed light (IPL) combined with hydroquinone cream for melasma treatment.Methods Thirty-five patients with melasma were treated between February 2015 and February 2017,20 patients treated with IPL combined with hydroquinone cream and 15 patients with IPL alone.All cases were female patients with Fitzpatrick skin types Ⅲ and Ⅳ,and subjected to 4 weeks treatment 1 time,5 times for a course of treatment.All patients were followed up for six months and the efficacy and safety of the treatment were analyzed comprehensively by subjective satisfaction and physician evaluation.Results All the patients were treated without discomfort and treated patients were effectively followed up.The satisfactory rate of IPL treatment group was 73.3％,and that of combined with hydroquinone cream group was 100％.Two groups of satisfactory rates were higher in IPL combined with hydroquinone cream.The total effective rate of the IPL treatment group was 53.3％ compared with that of the 35 patients before and after treatment;in IPL combined with hydroquinone cream treatment group the total effective rate was 85.0％.IPL combined with hydroquinone cream treatment group was significantly more effective than the treatment group (P＜0.05).All treatment patients did not present with tissue damage,pigmentation and other adverse reactions.Conclusions IPL combined with hydroquinone cream is a safe and effective treatment of melasma,and patients get a higher rate of satisfaction.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem that causes major illnesses and disabilities worldwide. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of AR has increased progressively over the last few decades in more developed countries and currently affects up to 40% of the population worldwide. Likewise, a rising trend of AR has also been observed over the last 2–3 decades in developing countries including China, with the prevalence of AR varying widely in these countries. A survey of self-reported AR over a 6-year period in the general Chinese adult population reported that the standardized prevalence of adult AR increased from 11.1% in 2005 to 17.6% in 2011. An increasing number of original articles and imporclinical trials on the epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnosis, management and comorbidities of AR in Chinese subjects have been published in international peer-reviewed journals over the past 2 decades, and substantially added to our understanding of this disease as a global problem. Although guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in Chinese subjects have also been published, they have not been translated into English and therefore not generally accessible for reference to non-Chinese speaking international medical communities. Moreover, methods for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in China have not been standardized entirely and some patients are still treated according to regional preferences. Thus, the present guidelines have been developed by the Chinese Society of Allergy to be accessible to both national and international medical communities involved in the management of AR patients. These guidelines have been prepared in line with existing international guidelines to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of AR in China.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; China ; Comorbidity ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Diagnosis* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; Global Health ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic*

BACKGROUND:Adipose-derived stem cel s (ADSCs) are a subset of mesenchymal stem cel s obtained from adipose tissue, which have paracrine functions, already becoming a focus in anti-aging researching. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress and application outlook of ADSCs’ paracrine functions in facial anti-aging. METHODS:The first author searched the PubMed and CNKI databases using the keywords of“adipose-derived stem cel s, paracrine, anti-aging”in English and Chinese, respectively, to retrieve relevant articles published from January 2001 to May 2016. Repetitive articles or those with no originality were eliminated. Total y 176 articles were searched initial y, and 66 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:ADSCs have paracrine function, which can secrete various growth factors (e.g., epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factorβ, platelet-derived growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, col agen and fibronectin) and inflammatory factors (e.g., interferon-γ, interleukin-lβ, interleukin-8, interleukin-9, interleukin-12, interleukin-15, interleukin-17 and tumor necrosis factor-α). These paracrine products of ADSCs have significant effects on anti-aging, such as inhibiting skin aging, whitening skin, assisting lipotransfer, promoting hair regeneration.

Objective To analyze the relationship between clinical features and age of operation on children with hypospadias,and to explore and determine the factors for hypospadias associated with age at surgery.Methods Retrospective study was conducted in children with hypospadias undergoing operation at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between January 2011 to December 2016.The demographics,the degree of hypospadias,complications,age at first urethroplasty and the other factors in patients were recorded,t-test was used to determine the factors associated with surgical timing and the difference was significant when P ＜ 0.05.Results A total of 1 051 cases were included in the study.Among these patients with hypospadias 268 cases (25.5％) were of mild cases,525 cases (50.0％) of moderate,and 258 cases(24.5％) of severe.Nine hundred and forty-six cases(90.0％) did not have complications,while 105 cases(10.0％) had complications.The median age at first urethroplasty was 5.3 years old and 66.22％ of them were operated after 3 years,and 4.09％ of them were after 18 years old.Insurance types,household income,race did not influence with surgical timing statistically (P ＞ 0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that the several factors were significantly associated with time of surgery:the severity of hypospadias (t =28.10,P =0.000),with or without complications (t =64.17,P =0.000),urban-rural gap (t =7.49,P =0.000),parental education level (t =36.90,P =0.000) and the age of receiving advice from pediatric surgeon (t =5.00,P =0.000).Conclusions The age of surgery in children with hypospadias were significantly affected by the severity of hypospadias,the presence of complications,differences between urban and rural areas,the degree of parental education,and the time of medical advice in the pediatric department of urology.,and the education of hypospadias knowledge for children's parents and related medical personnel at the grass-roots level will advance the age of surgery in children with hypospadias.

Objective To study multimodal analgesia in patients who underwent transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods 60 patients who underwent TACE for HCC from Aug.2016 to Nov.2016 were randomized into two groups:the multimodal analgesia group and the control group.The pain scores of these two groups of patient during the procedure and at different posttreatment time points,and the rates of adverse effect and pharmacoeconomic differences were recorded.Results When compared to the control group,the pain scores at 0 h,2 h,4 h,6 h,12 h after treatment in the multimodal analgesia group were significantly lower (P ＜ 0.05),and the satisfactory scores for the patients were significantly improved (96.6％ vs.66.7％).The multimodal group of patients also had significandy lower adverse effect rates of nausea and vomiting,and it was more cost-effective.Conclusions Patients who required multimodal analgesia had better pain relieve,patient satisfaction and less adverse reactions after TACE than patients in the control group.Multimodal analgesia was a safe,effective and economic way to control TACE pain and it was worth recommended in clinical practice.