Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium with strong pathogenicity. With the widespread use of antibiotics， its multi-drug resistance has gradually increased. Among them， methicillin-resistant S. aureus （MRSA） is one of the main pathogens of hospital and community infections. Antimicrobial peptides are short-chain peptides with good antibacterial effects and low drug resistance， which have been widely studied in recent years. This study summarizes the mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptides and related study on antimicrobial peptides against MRSA from different sources. It is found that the mechanisms of action of antimicrobial peptides include targeting bacterial cell membranes， bacterial cells， and bacterial cell walls， etc. Besides isolating antimicrobial peptides with anti-MRSA activity from animals， plants， and microorganisms， antimicrobial peptides can also be obtained through synthetic methods. Among them， GHa-derived peptides from animal sources， Ib-AMP4 from plant sources， Ph-SA from microbial sources， the synthetic peptide LLKLLLKLL-NH2， and so on， due to their effective antibacterial activity， rapid bactericidal speed， and low toxicity， are promising candidates for anti-MRSA drugs.

Purpose To construct a nomogram model based on conventional ultrasound(US)and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)features for predicting extrathyroidal extension(ETE)of papillary thyroid carcinoma,and to evaluate its diagnostic performance.Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical and ultrasound data from 715 papillary thyroid carcinoma patients in the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2017 to December 2022 was conducted.The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of ETE.Univariate and Multivariate analyses was performed to identify independent risk factors associated with ETE.Three models were established:clinical,clinical+US and clinical+US+CEUS.The nomogram of the best model was constructed and validated.Results The model based on clinical+US+CEUS features performed the best,the area under the curve was 0.885.Multivariate analysis indicated that older age(OR=1.029,95%CI 1.011-1.047),higher body mass index(OR=1.108,95%CI 1.049-1.171),capsular contact<25%(OR=4.716,95%CI 2.079-10.701),capsular contact 25%-50%(OR=21.320,95%CI 8.240-55.160),capsular contact>50%(OR=24.045,95%CI 6.792-85.126),nodules adjacent to the lateral side(OR=4.265,95%CI 1.366-13.318),nodules adjacent to the medial side(OR=6.416,95%CI 2.067-19.920)and interrupted capsular enhancement(OR=6.044,95%CI 3.588-10.180)were independent risk factors for ETE(all P<0.05).Decision curve analysis and clinical impact curve indicated high net benefit and strong clinical utility of the model.Ten-fold cross-validation showed good model stability.Conclusion The nomogram model constructed based on US and CEUS features demonstrates good predictive performance and holds significant clinical utility.

AIM To improve the quality of Compound Yuxingcao Tablets.METHODS The HPLC fingerprints were established,after which the contents of neochlorogenic acid,chlorogenic acid,cryptochlorogenic acid,forsythoside I,forsythoside A,quercitrin,3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid,4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid,baicalin,oroxyloside,wogonin and baicalein were determined.The analysis was performed on a 30 ℃ thermostatic Waters XBridge C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-0.1％phosphoric acid flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 327 nm.Subsequently,principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were adopted.RESULTS There were 21 common peaks in the fingerprints for 22 batches of samples with the similarities of more than 0.85.Twelve constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(R20.999 8),whose average recoveries were 93.68％-101.16％with the RSDs of 0.95％-2.35％.Baicalin,wogonin and forsythoside A were taken as quality differential components.CONCLUSION This simple and accurate method can be used for the quality control of Compound Yuxingcao Tablets.

Objective To evaluate the methodological quality and measurement attribute quality of the evaluation tool for pediatric palliative care quality assessment tools,and to provide references for medical staff to select the best assessment tools.Methods The PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CINAHL,Scopus,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Database,VIP Database,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,GIN,NGC,NICE,NRAO,medlive,WHO,AAHPM,WHPCA,APHN were searched from inception to March 28,2024.Data were screened and extracted independently by 2 researchers.The consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments(COSMIN)checklist and quality criteria were employed to evaluate the methodological quality and psychometric properties of the included pediatric palliative care quality assessment tools.Finally,recommendations were formulated based on these evaluations.Results A total of 13 articles were included,involving 9 pediatric palliative care quality assessment tools.Among them,the PICU-QODD,PaPEQu and QCPCI demonstrated good content validity and internal consistency,and are recommended as Grade A.The remaining assessment tools are recommended as Grade B or C.Conclusion The PICU-QODD,PaPEQu and QCPCI are recommended for use,but further validation of their psychometric properties is still needed.

OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of silicone oil removal detergent and multi-enzyme detergent on re-moving the residual silicone oil from digestive endoscopes so as to provide bases for clinical cleaning of digestive endoscopes.METHODS Totally 60 colonoscopes that were used in the endoscopy center of Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University in Jul.2024 were chosen as the research subjects and were randomly divided in to the experimental group with 30 colonoscopes(the silicone-removing multi-enzyme detergent group)and the control group with 30 colonoscopes(the multi-enzyme detergent group),the two groups were respectively treated with sil-icone-removing multi-enzyme detergent and multi-enzyme detergent during the cleaning process.The average bac-terial colony counts of rinsed endoscopes,residual water droplet counts of the cleaned endoscopes and absorbance values of residual methyl silicone oil in the biopsy forceps channels of the endoscopes were observed and compared between the two groups so as to evaluate the effect on removing silicone oil.RESULTS The median average bacteri-al colony counts were 3.05(1.62,4.68)× 103 CFU/piece in the experimental group,36.70(34.66,38.10)× 103 CFU/piece in the control group(Z=-6.654,P＜0.001).The median counts of residual water droplets on the en-doscopes were 7.00(5.00,16.50)in the experimental group,31.50(12.00,43.00)in the control group(Z=-3.940,P＜0.001).The median absorbance value of residual methyl silicone oil in the biopsy forceps chan-nels of the endoscopes was 6.85(5.58,7.85)× 10-3 in the experimental group,36.50(35.50,43.65)× 10-3 in the control group(Z=-6.655,P＜0.001).CONCLUSION The silicone-removing multi-enzyme detergent shows more remarkable effect on removing the residual silicone oil on the endoscopes than the multi-enzyme detergent,it improves the cleaning effect of the endoscopes and is worthy to be verified and promoted in the hospital.

Objective:This study aims to analyze the trends,hotspots,and interrelations in research on retroperito-neal tumors through bibliometric methods,providing the latest scientific information support for clinicians and research-ers.Methods:Data were sourced from the SCI-expanded database of the Web of Science Core Collection,covering the period from 2004 to 2023.Statistical analysis and visualization of the number of publications,total citations,average citations per article,countries,institutions,journals,and keywords were conducted using Microsoft Excel 2019,VOS-viewer,and CiteSpace.Results:A total of 6,842 relevant articles were retrieved,with a total of 113 753 citations and an average of 16.63 citations per article.The number of publications had been increasing annually,peaking in 2022.The United States,China,and Japan are the major research countries,with the United States contributing the most.Memo-rial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center are the leading research in-stitutions.The journal with the most publications was the Cureus Journal of Medical Science.Gronchi Alessandro was the most prolific author.The ain keywords were"Management","Surgery",and"Tumor",and the most cited papers focus on surgery and multicenter studies.Conclusion:Research on retroperitoneal tumors is increasing annually,with hot-spots focusing on treatment methods and prognosis analysis.The United States is the main contributor to this field,with significant international collaboration.Future research should further explore the pathogenesis of retroperitoneal tumors and more effective treatment strategies.

Purpose To construct a nomogram model based on conventional ultrasound(US)and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)features for predicting extrathyroidal extension(ETE)of papillary thyroid carcinoma,and to evaluate its diagnostic performance.Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical and ultrasound data from 715 papillary thyroid carcinoma patients in the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2017 to December 2022 was conducted.The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of ETE.Univariate and Multivariate analyses was performed to identify independent risk factors associated with ETE.Three models were established:clinical,clinical+US and clinical+US+CEUS.The nomogram of the best model was constructed and validated.Results The model based on clinical+US+CEUS features performed the best,the area under the curve was 0.885.Multivariate analysis indicated that older age(OR=1.029,95%CI 1.011-1.047),higher body mass index(OR=1.108,95%CI 1.049-1.171),capsular contact<25%(OR=4.716,95%CI 2.079-10.701),capsular contact 25%-50%(OR=21.320,95%CI 8.240-55.160),capsular contact>50%(OR=24.045,95%CI 6.792-85.126),nodules adjacent to the lateral side(OR=4.265,95%CI 1.366-13.318),nodules adjacent to the medial side(OR=6.416,95%CI 2.067-19.920)and interrupted capsular enhancement(OR=6.044,95%CI 3.588-10.180)were independent risk factors for ETE(all P<0.05).Decision curve analysis and clinical impact curve indicated high net benefit and strong clinical utility of the model.Ten-fold cross-validation showed good model stability.Conclusion The nomogram model constructed based on US and CEUS features demonstrates good predictive performance and holds significant clinical utility.

Objective To develop and evaluate dietary and exercise intervention program for over-weight/obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods Seventy patients with over-weight/obese PCOS were prospectively selected as research subjects and divided into intervention group(n=35)and control group(n=35)according to random number table method.According to the completion of the intervention plan,29 cases were finally included in the intervention group and 28 cases in the control group.The control group was given conventional nursing intervention,while the intervention group was applied with the diet and exercise intervention program for overweight/obese patients with PCOS.Both groups were intervened for 3 months.The physical indicators,PCOS sign scores,natural pregnancy rate,degree of self-body image distress(Multidimensional Self-body Im-age Relationship Questionnaire-Appearance Subscale)and self-efficacy level(Self-efficacy Scale)before and after the intervention were compared between the two groups.The occurrence of adverse reactions during the intervention period between the two groups were compared.Results After 1 month and 3 months of intervention,the body mass index(BMI)and PC OS sign score of the pa-tients in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The natural conception rate of the intervention group was 34.48％(10/29),which was significantly higher than 10.71％(3/28)of the control group(P＜0.05).After 1 month and 3 months of inter-vention,the scores of the self-body image relationship-appearance subscale of the patients in the inter-vention group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.001).After 3 months of intervention,the score of the Self-efficacy Scale of patients in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.001).During the intervention period,no adverse reac-tions caused by diet and exercise intervention occurred in either group.Conclusion Implementing a diet and exercise intervention program for overweight/obese patients with PCOS is beneficial for re-ducing patients' BMI,increasing the natural pregnancy rate,improving self-body image disorders,and enhancing self-efficacy.

Objective To investigate the value of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16(CXCL16)combined with C-C motif chemokine ligand 21(CCL21)in predicting pulmonary function impairment and disease control in children with childhood allergic rhinitis-asthma syndrome(CARAS).Methods A total of 108 children with CARAS(CARAS group),108 children with simple asthma(asthma group),and 108 children with simple allergic rhinitis(AR group)admitted to Baoji People's Hospital of Shaanxi Province from January 2022 to December 2024 were prospectively selected.The levels of CXCL16 and CCL21 in peripheral blood and pulmonary function indicators[peak expiratory flow(PEF),percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1％pred),and ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity(FEV1/FVC)]were compared among the groups.Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations of the levels of CXCL16 and CCL21 in peripheral blood with pulmonary function indicators in children with CARAS.After com-pletion of treatment,a 3-month follow-up was conducted,and the children with CARAS were divid-ed into poorly controlled group and well-controlled group according to disease control status.Multi-variate Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analyses were used to analyze the relationships of the levels of CXCL16 and CCL21 in peripheral blood with poor disease control in children with CARAS and their predictive efficacy.Results The levels of CXCL16 and CCL21 in peripheral blood in the AR group,asthma group,and CARAS group increased sequential-ly,while PEF,FEV1％pred,and FEV1/FVC decreased sequentially(P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the levels of CXCL16 and CCL21 in peripheral blood,PEF,FEV 1％pred,and FEV1/FVC among the pollen group,dust mite group,animal dander group,and other groups(P＞0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the levels of CXCL16 and CCL21 in peripheral blood in children with CARAS were negatively correlated with PEF,FEV 1％pred,and FEV1/FVC(r=-0.629,-0.668,-0.710,-0.645,-0.672,-0.697,P＜0.001).After a 3-month follow-up,the rate of poor disease control after treatment among the 108 children with CARAS was 47.22％(51/108).Univariate analysis showed that total immunoglobulin E(IgE),eosinophil(EOS)count,fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO),PEF,FEV1％pred,FEV1/FVC,CXCL16,and CCL21 were associated with poor disease control in children with CARAS(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that high EOS count,high FeNO,high CXCL16,and high CCL21 were independent risk factors for poor disease control in children with CARAS(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under the curve for peripheral blood CXCL16 lev-el,CCL21 level,and their combination in predicting poor disease control in children with CARAS were 0.843,0.820,and 0.917,respectively.The predictive efficacy of their combination was bet-ter than that of peripheral blood CXCL16 level or CCL21 level alone(Z=2.054,2.312;P=0.040,0.021).Conclusion Elevated levels of CXCL16 and CCL21 in peripheral blood are close-ly associated with decreased pulmonary function and poor disease control in children with CARAS,and their combination has a high predictive efficacy for poor disease control.

Objective To investigate the differences in BMD,T-scores,lumbar HU values,and modified VBQ scores in patients with thoracolumbar fractures,analyze their correlations,and evaluate their predictive efficacy for thoracolumbar fractures.Methods Patients with thoracolumbar fragility fractures and hospitalized in the Department of Orthopedics at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2022 to March 2025 were retrospectively enrolled.Among them,132 eligible patients were divided into the fracture group(n=63)and the non-fracture group(n=69).BMD and T-scores of L1～L4 vertebrae were measured via DEXA,lumbar HU values were obtained from CT scans,and modified VBQ scores were calculated using lumbar MRI.Intergroup comparisons were performed using independent samples t-tests.Pearson's correlation analysis was used to assess the relationships among BMD,T-scores,HU values,and modified VBQ scores.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was conducted to evaluate their predictive performance for thoracolumbar fractures.Results The fracture group exhibited significantly lower mean BMD,T-scores,and HU values in L1～L4 compared to the non-fracture group,while modified VBQ scores were significantly higher(P<0.001).Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between BMD,T-scores,and HU values in L1～L4,whereas all three parameters showed a significant negative correlation with modified VBQ scores(P<0.001).The AUC values for predicting thoracolumbar fractures were 0.826(T-score),0.836(BMD),0.759(HU value),and 0.875(modified VBQ score),with optimal cutoff thresholds of-1.65(T-score),0.836 g/cm2(BMD),68.4(HU value),and 3.01(modified VBQ score),respectively.Conclusion BMD,T-scores,HU values,and modified VBQ scores in L1～L4 vertebrae are significantly correlated and can serve as the predictive indicators for thoracolumbar fractures.Among them,the modified VBQ score demonstrates the best predictive performance,making it a valuable auxiliary tool for assessing the vertebral bone quality.