OBJECTIVES: We investigated the correlation between oral health behaviors and problematic experiences associated with smartphone use in adolescents. METHODS: Raw data from the 13th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were used. The data were analyzed using a composite sample-planning file. Statistical analysis was performed using PASW Statistics 21.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. RESULTS: There was a negative correlation between family conflicts due to the use of smartphones and brushing teeth after lunch and twice a day. Additionally, there was a negative correlation between peer conflict experiences due to the use of smartphone and brushing teeth twice a day. Academic difficulties of adolescents due to the use of smartphone were negatively correlated with using supplementary oral hygiene devices and brushing teeth twice a day. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the above results, we confirmed that problematic experiences associated with the use of smartphone are correlated with oral health behaviors. Therefore, it is necessary to plan ways to reduce the excessive use of smart phones in adolescents. In addition, it is necessary to develop an efficient tooth-brushing management system that incorporates the use of smartphones or modern devices.
Adolescent ; Family Conflict ; Humans ; Lunch ; Nutrition Surveys ; Oral Health ; Oral Hygiene ; Smartphone ; Tooth

OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the relationship between risky health behaviors, occurrence of oral symptoms, and oral health-related behaviors. METHODS: The subjects were 60,040 adolescents selected from the web-based survey from the 2018 Korean Youth Health Behavior of Korean Center for Disease Control. The data were analyzed using a combined sample analysis method. The software SPSS version 12.0 was used to conduct the analyses. RESULTS: 1. Men were observed to partake in risky health behavior at significantly higher rates than were women in terms of smoking, drinking, drugs, and sexual intercourse. Our data showed the percentages of men taking part in these behaviors to be 21.1%, 46.4%, 1.3%, and 7.6%, respectively (P<0.01). 2. Of all subjects, 49.1% brushed their teeth more than three times a day, and 43.6% brushed more than twice a day. Further, a significantly higher number of men (46.0%) did not brush their teeth after lunch compared with women (29.1%) (P<0.01). 3. Of all subjects, 52.9% had developed oral symptoms in the previous year. The rate of women experiencing oral symptoms was significantly higher, at 58.1%, compared with men (48.1%, P<0.01). 4. Risky health behavior, such as smoking, drinking, drugs, and sexual intercourse, was significantly associated with occurrence of oral symptoms (P<0.01). Those that had not partaken in smoking, drinking, and sexual intercourse were significantly lower by 0.73, 0.87, and 0.89 times, respectively, compared with those that responded with “yes” (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: We have evaluated the rates of risky health and oral health-related behavior in Korean youth and identify their association with the oral symptoms. It is essential to understand the risks of oral diseases so that appropriate oral health education can be provided to adolescents for promoting behavioral changes.
Adolescent ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Coitus ; Drinking ; Education ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Korea ; Lunch ; Male ; Methods ; Oral Health ; Risk-Taking ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tooth

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the glycemic response of diets using estimated glycemic load (eGL), which had been developed for mixed meals for Korean adults, and examined its associations with cardiometabolic risk factors among Korean adults. METHODS: A total of 4,655 men and 6,760 women aged 19 years and above were included from the 2013 ~ 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. eGL was calculated by each meal (breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snack) and then summed to give daily total eGL. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association. RESULTS: Mean daily total eGL was 112.6 in men and 99.3 in women. Daily total eGL was positively associated with carbohydrate and fiber intakes, but negatively associated with protein and fat intakes in both men and women (p < 0.05 for all). Daily total eGL showed an inverse association with HDL-cholesterol level in both men and women (p = 0.0036 for men and p = 0.0008 for women). Men in the highest quintile of daily total eGL showed a 66% increased risk of hypercholesterolemia (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.10 ~ 2.50; p for trend = 0.0447) compared with those in the lowest quintile. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that eGL based on carbohydrate, protein, fat and fiber intakes can reflect glycemic response and therefore can be used as an index for dietary planning, nutrition education and in the food industry.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Diet ; Dyslipidemias ; Education ; Female ; Food Industry ; Glycemic Load ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Lunch ; Male ; Meals ; Nutrition Surveys ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the practices of a community meal program for older adults in rural areas during the agricultural off-season. METHODS: A survey was conducted from December 12 to December 22, 2016. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 150 cooking volunteers, who had participated in the community meal program in 50 villages. A total of 114 responses were returned from 44 villages and used for data analysis. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with the volunteers of eight villages. RESULTS: Most of the cooking volunteers were 50 years old or older and they participated in serving older adults meals for good will. The cooking volunteers perceived that the older adults in their community did not eat various foods, had difficulties in grocery shopping, and frequently consumed salty foods. During the agricultural off-season, 40.9% of villages served the older adults meals 6–7 days a week and 95.5% provided meals for lunch. An average of 21 to 40 older adults were served meals in each village. The cooking volunteers reported that the food preparation and meal service times were sufficient, recipes provided were useful, and menus met the preference of the older adults. At the end of the program, they felt proud of serving meals for older adults in the community. An increased awareness of healthy eating, interest in health, and consumption of nutritious meals, a decrease in loneliness among older adults, and the promotion of fellowship in the community were rated highly. The cooking volunteers expected additional support for cooking personnel and insisted that the program should be provided for the entire agricultural off-seasons. CONCLUSIONS: The community meal program during the agricultural off-season for the elderly in rural areas was effective in improving the dietary life of older adults, relieving their feelings of isolation, and promoting fellowship of the community. The volunteers felt workload due to a shortage of volunteers but answered that they were rewarded by helping older adults in their community.
Adult ; Aged ; Cooking ; Eating ; Fellowships and Scholarships ; Humans ; Loneliness ; Lunch ; Meals ; Reward ; Statistics as Topic ; Volunteers

PURPOSE: This study examined the food and nutrient intake of Korean elderly according to the anxiety and depressive condition using the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) from 2013 to 2015. METHODS: The participants were 3,504 elderly people over 65 years of age (1,523 in men and, 1,981 in women). The dietary information was analyzed using the 24-hour recall data. The anxiety and depressive state was assessed using the self-reported scale EQ-5D in the quality of life dimension. The subjects were divided into the anxiety · depression group (AD) and non-anxiety · depression group (NAD) according to their anxiety and depressive conditions. RESULTS: In the male elderly, the AD group had a significantly lower education and economic level and higher proportion in living alone than the NAD group. The percentage of eating lunch and dinner alone in the male AD group was higher than that of the NAD group. The female AD group showed less a lower frequency of dinner than the NAD group. The male AD group had a lower consumption of total foods, fish and shellfishes, seaweeds, mushrooms, oils and fats, and seasonings than the NAD group. With regard to the nutrient intake, the male elderly NAD group had more sufficient nutrient intakes than the AD group. In particular, the daily intakes of dietary fiber, riboflavin, niacin, potassium and iron were significantly lower in the AD group. To compare with the nutrient density of the two groups, the vitamin C and niacin intakes were lower in the AD group than in the NAD group. Overall, the nutritional status of the male AD group was significantly lower than that of the NAD group. Meanwhile, the female elderly had showed a smaller difference in nutrient intake according to their anxiety and depressive condition. CONCLUSION: These results of this study show that more nutritional education and emotional support are needed to improve the nutritional status and health of the male elderly with anxiety or depression.
Agaricales ; Aged ; Anxiety ; Ascorbic Acid ; Depression ; Dietary Fiber ; Eating ; Education ; Fats ; Female ; Humans ; Iron ; Korea ; Lunch ; Male ; Meals ; NAD ; Niacin ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritional Status ; Oils ; Potassium ; Quality of Life ; Riboflavin ; Seasons ; Shellfish

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of job characteristics and non-regular work on the toothbrushing habit and oral check-up in Korean worker.METHODS: This study was approved for the use of raw data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KAHANES, 2016). The raw data was analyzed by complex sampling analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 (Chicago, IL, USA). Statistical significance was determined as P < 0.05.RESULTS: The non-regular workers had lower rate of toothbrushing more than twice a day, toothbrushing after lunch, and oral check-up than regular workers. Compared to non-regular workers, the odds ratio of toothbrushing and oral check-up at regular workers increased by 1,464 and 1,717 times, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to find specific directions to expand the oral check-up program so that all workers, including non-regular workers and part-time workers.
Korea ; Lunch ; Nutrition Surveys ; Odds Ratio ; Toothbrushing

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the dietary quality of lunches consumed through home meals, institutional meals, and eating-out at restaurants in Chinese adults.METHODS: The total of 3,708 people (aged 20 ~ 64) were selected from the data of the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey and divided into three groups: the home (HM, 2,845 people), institutional (IM, 579 people), and eating-out (EO, 284 people) meal groups. Dietary intakes of eight food groups, the frequency of eating certain foods, food group intake pattern, dietary diversity and the variety score of lunches were analyzed.RESULTS: The meat intake of IM and EO were higher than that of HM (p < 0.05), and the vegetable intake was the highest in HM, followed by IM and EO (p < 0.05). The intake of fruit and milk · dairy products were extremely low in all the groups. Compared with 1/3 daily recommended intake, the meat intake was above the standard in all the groups and the vegetable intake was insufficient only in EO. The most frequently consumed food in all the groups was rice, followed by pork. The relatively desirable food group pattern, “grain + meat + vegetable”, was highest in IM (66.0%) and lowest in EO (48.2%). The “grain + vegetable” pattern in HM and the “grain + meat” pattern in EO were relatively higher than that in the other groups. The dietary diversity score (p < 0.001) and dietary variety score (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in IM than that in the HM or EO.CONCLUSION: The lunches of Chinese adults had common problems in excess meat intake and a severe lack of fruit and milk · dairy products. Even institutional meals were not ideal as single meals for Chinese adults, although they were better in food diversity. Customized dietary educational programs based on balanced meal plans need to be established, especially for those Chinese people having lunch at home or eating out. In addition, a systematic food service program should be developed and firmly implemented.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Dairy Products ; Eating ; Food Services ; Fruit ; Humans ; Lunch ; Meals ; Meat ; Milk ; Nutrition Surveys ; Recommended Dietary Allowances ; Red Meat ; Restaurants ; Vegetables

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association of problematic Internet use with oral health behaviors and oral health status in a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents. METHODS: Data from the 2010 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (73238 Korean adolescents; mean age 15.06±1.75 years; age range, 12–18 years) were used. Problematic Internet use was measured using the Korean Internet Addiction Proneness Scale for Youth-Short Form. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess oral health behaviors and oral health status of adolescents. RESULTS: Problematic Internet users were less likely to brush their teeth frequently [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.56–0.63] and at school after lunch (AOR=0.89; 95% CI=0.83–0.94) as well as more likely to perceive their oral health to be poorer (AOR=1.63, 95% CI=1.54–1.72) and experience oral symptoms (AOR=1.75, 95% CI=1.65–1.86) compared to usual Internet users. CONCLUSION: The study results indicate that problematic Internet use may adversely affect the oral health of Korean adolescents. Thus, oral health screening and Internet-based education are needed for adolescents experiencing problematic Internet use.
Adolescent ; Education ; Humans ; Internet ; Korea ; Lunch ; Mass Screening ; Odds Ratio ; Oral Health ; Oral Hygiene ; Risk-Taking ; Tooth

Children's exposure to various vegetables has been associated with higher preferences and intake of vegetables. Attractive names have been reported to increase children's vegetable intake in school lunches. This study hypothesized that the number of vegetables identified correctly may be used as a measure of exposure to vegetables. The survey was administered to students (n=368) at an elementary school located in Gyeonggi-do to determine the association of number of vegetables identified correctly with factors regarding vegetable intakes and effects of descriptive menu names on consumption intentions in school lunches. Students were asked to identify the correct names for nine vegetables and rate their desire to eat six vegetable dishes labeled with general names and two different descriptive names. Descriptive menu names did not consistently increase subjects' desire to eat vegetables compared to general menu labels. Children who ate two vegetable dishes and more per meal tended to identify the names of more vegetables than those who ate less, without reaching statistical significance (P=0.057). Moreover, 5th graders who answered that they ate more than two vegetable dishes each meal had significantly higher scores in identifying vegetable names than those who did rarely (P < 0.05). There was no significant association between the number of correctly identified vegetable names and children's vegetable preferences and frequency of being served vegetable dishes. Mother's vegetable preference showed a significant positive association with vegetable preferences of children (r=0.147, P < 0.01) and fathers (r=0.340, P < 0.01) as well as the number of correctly identified vegetables by children (r=0.183, P < 0.01). The results of this study cannot support the advantage of descriptive menu labels over general menu labels. However, it suggests that the number of correctly identified vegetable names could serve as a measure of children's exposure to vegetables associated with factors regarding vegetable intake.
Child ; Fathers ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Intention ; Lunch ; Meals ; Vegetables

The purpose of this study is to observe students' eating habits and to evaluate the necessity of high school breakfast service by surveying concerned persons such as high school dietitians, parents, and students to find practical solutions to decrease the breakfast-skipping rate of the high school students in Chungcheong. The data were collected from 75 dietitians, 584 students, and 420 parents. Parents and students participated the survey more positively, and the more monthly income participants' families had, the probability of participation increased by 1.5 times (OR=1.452). Parents suggested that breakfast should be offered at a lower price (1,000~2,000 won) than school lunch, and for the school breakfast cost, they preferred to bear the expense together with schools. For the type of breakfast, the dietitians preferred convenient foodservice (40.0%), the students preferred simple meals such as bread, milk, fruit and salad (3.97), and Kimbap, Joomukbap et al (3.93) rather than Korean traditional foods (3.76) such as rice, soup and side dish. The dietitians answered ‘needed’ and ‘very much needed’ to the necessity of breakfast relatively low by 30.7%. As the result of the study, the researchers suggest the execution of school breakfast program should start first for the students who cannot have breakfast at home. Moreover, more studies should be conducted to reduce the constantly increasing rate of breakfast-skipping rate of high school students.
Bread ; Breakfast ; Eating ; Fruit ; Humans ; Lunch ; Meals ; Milk ; Nutritionists ; Parents