Macular hole is an age-related disorder defined by a full-thickness defect of the foveal retina and a profound loss of central vision. First described in the mid-19th century, its study has now extended across more than 150 years. Breakthroughs in science and technology—especially the relentless refinement of retinal imaging platforms—have progressively refined our understanding of the disease. Optical coherence tomography(OCT)in particular has revolutionized characterization of the condition. At the same time, the widespread adoption of macular hole surgery has not only driven deeper investigations into pathogenesis and pre-operative assessment but also facilitated the global dissemination of surgical expertise and a marked rise in anatomical success. This review synthesizes the multimodal imaging hallmarks of macular holes and highlights the remaining clinical challenges in the application of OCT technology.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of Dengue virus (DENV) infection among voluntary blood donors in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, and to evaluate the necessity of implementing nucleic acid testing (NAT) for blood donors during the rainy season (May-October). Methods: Prior to initiating donor screening, the Xishuangbanna Central Blood Center conducted in-house validation of reagent performance and participated in external quality assessment (EQA) organized by the National Center for Clinical Laboratories (NCCL). During the surveillance period (August-October 2024), a total of 2 919 donor samples were screened using a 6-sample mini-pool NAT strategy. Daily internal quality controls were recorded. Samples that tested positive in pooled screening were deconvoluted and retested in duplicate; only those reactive in both replicate wells were sent to the NCCL for confirmatory testing. At NCCL, samples underwent re-testing using five domestic NAT reagents, as well as serological assays for NS1 antigen and DENV-specific IgG/IgM. Confirmed positive samples were further characterized by serotyping, envelope (E) gene sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis using the maximum likelihood method. Results: The DENV NAT reagent demonstrated consistent detection of 40 copies/mL controls in individual donor (ID)-NAT test (mean CT: 35.61±0.40). During the 63-day quality control monitoring, DENV detection remained stable (mean CT: 22.53±0.72). The center achieved full marks in EQA assessments for 2023 and 2024. Three reactive pools were identified in initial screening, and subsequent individual testing confirmed three DENV RNA-positive donors (sample numbers: 2401, 2402, and 2403). The confirmatory test results from NCCL were: all five NAT platforms consistently detected DENV RNA in the three samples; for serological tests, 2 samples (2402, 2403) were positive for NS1 antigen, while all three samples were negative for both IgG and IgM antibodies. DENV serotyping reagents identified DENV-2 in all cases, which were further confirmed as DENV-2 Genotype Ⅱ-Cosmopolitan by E gene sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that samples 2401 and 2402 clustered with Southeast Asian strains (Thailand/MZ636802.1, Laos/PQ775621.1), while sample 2403 closely matched a previously reported local Yunnan strain (PV544686.1). Conclusion: DENV-2 infection was detected among blood donors in Xishuangbanna during the rainy season, indicating concurrent risks of imported and local transmission. We recommend implementing pooled NAT screening for blood donors in high-risk areas during dengue epidemic seasons, along with strengthened laboratory quality control, to enhance blood safety.

Objective To observe the effects of Huosha Oral Liquid on irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea(IBS-D)rats with cold and dampness syndrome based on Notch1/Hes-1/Math-1 signaling pathway;To elucidate its mechanism of repair of intestinal mucosal barrier.Methods An IBS-D cold and dampness syndrome rat model was established by using restraint stress combined with bitter-cold cathartic method and cold and dampness environmental method.After modeling,the rats were randomly divided into model group,Western medicine group and Huosha Oral Liquid low-,medium-and high-dosage groups,with 6 rats in each group.An additional 6 rats were set as the normal group.The Western medicine group was given mebeverine(13.5 mg/kg)by gavage,while the Huosha Oral Liquid low-,medium-and high-dosage groups were given Huosha Oral Liquid(3.15,6.3,12.6 g/kg)by gavage,the normal group and model group were given distilled water by gavage,for 4 weeks.The general status of rats were ovserved,the body mass,loose stool rate,fecal water rate and abdominal withdrawal reflex(AWR)score were measured,the morphalogy of colon tissue were observed by HE staining,the mRNA expression of Occludin,ZO-1,Notch1,Hes-1 and Math-1 in colon tissue were detected by RT-PCR,the protein expression of Notch1 was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the normal group,the model group had a reduced body mass(P<0.05)and increased loose stool rate,fecal water rate and AWR score(P<0.05),inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in colon tissue and the expressions of Occludin,ZO-1,Math-1 mRNA decreased(P<0.05),the expressions of Notch1,Hes-1 mRNA increased(P<0.05),and the expression of Notch1 protein increased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the body mass of rats in Western medicine group and Huosha Oral Liquid low-,medium-and high-dosage groups increased(P<0.05),loose stool rate,fecal water rate and AWR scores decreased(P<0.05),a small amount of neutrophils was visible in the colon tissue,the expressions of Occludin,ZO-1,Math-1 mRNA in colon tissue increased in Huosha Oral Liquid medium-and high-dosage groups(P<0.05)and the expressions of Notch1 and Hes-1 mRNA decreased(P<0.05),the expression of Notch1 protein decreased in Western medicine group and Huosha Oral Liquid groups(P<0.05).Conclusion Huosha Oral Liquid may regulate the expressions of tight junction proteins by inhibiting excessive activation of the Notch/Hes-1/Math-1 signaling pathway,thereby protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier function,improving diarrhea symptoms in IBS-D rats with cold and dampness syndrome,and reducing visceral sensitivity and colonic tissue inflammation.

Objective To observe the effects of Huosha Oral Liquid on irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea(IBS-D)rats with cold and dampness syndrome based on Notch1/Hes-1/Math-1 signaling pathway;To elucidate its mechanism of repair of intestinal mucosal barrier.Methods An IBS-D cold and dampness syndrome rat model was established by using restraint stress combined with bitter-cold cathartic method and cold and dampness environmental method.After modeling,the rats were randomly divided into model group,Western medicine group and Huosha Oral Liquid low-,medium-and high-dosage groups,with 6 rats in each group.An additional 6 rats were set as the normal group.The Western medicine group was given mebeverine(13.5 mg/kg)by gavage,while the Huosha Oral Liquid low-,medium-and high-dosage groups were given Huosha Oral Liquid(3.15,6.3,12.6 g/kg)by gavage,the normal group and model group were given distilled water by gavage,for 4 weeks.The general status of rats were ovserved,the body mass,loose stool rate,fecal water rate and abdominal withdrawal reflex(AWR)score were measured,the morphalogy of colon tissue were observed by HE staining,the mRNA expression of Occludin,ZO-1,Notch1,Hes-1 and Math-1 in colon tissue were detected by RT-PCR,the protein expression of Notch1 was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the normal group,the model group had a reduced body mass(P<0.05)and increased loose stool rate,fecal water rate and AWR score(P<0.05),inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in colon tissue and the expressions of Occludin,ZO-1,Math-1 mRNA decreased(P<0.05),the expressions of Notch1,Hes-1 mRNA increased(P<0.05),and the expression of Notch1 protein increased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the body mass of rats in Western medicine group and Huosha Oral Liquid low-,medium-and high-dosage groups increased(P<0.05),loose stool rate,fecal water rate and AWR scores decreased(P<0.05),a small amount of neutrophils was visible in the colon tissue,the expressions of Occludin,ZO-1,Math-1 mRNA in colon tissue increased in Huosha Oral Liquid medium-and high-dosage groups(P<0.05)and the expressions of Notch1 and Hes-1 mRNA decreased(P<0.05),the expression of Notch1 protein decreased in Western medicine group and Huosha Oral Liquid groups(P<0.05).Conclusion Huosha Oral Liquid may regulate the expressions of tight junction proteins by inhibiting excessive activation of the Notch/Hes-1/Math-1 signaling pathway,thereby protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier function,improving diarrhea symptoms in IBS-D rats with cold and dampness syndrome,and reducing visceral sensitivity and colonic tissue inflammation.

Objective:To understand the current status of existential distress in patients with advanced lung cancer and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide a reference for developing targeted intervention programs.Methods:A total of 320 patients with advanced lung cancer were selected using convenience sampling from two Class Ⅲ Grade A hospitals in Weifang between February 2022 and August 2023. The data were collected using a General Information Questionnaire, the Chinese Version of the Existential Distress Scale (EDS), the Social Support Revalued Scale (SSRS), the Chinese Version of the Strategies Used by People to Promote Health (SUPPH), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to analyze the relationships between EDS, SSRS, SUPPH, and PHQ-9 scores, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors of existential distress in patients with advanced lung cancer. A total of 320 questionnaires were distributed, with 318 valid responses, yielding a valid response rate of 99.38% (318/320) .Results:The total EDS score for the 318 patients was 3.00 (2.00, 4.00). EDS scores were positively correlated with PHQ-9 scores and negatively correlated with SSRS and SUPPH scores ( P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that marital status, social support, self-management efficacy, and depression were influencing factors of existential distress in patients with advanced lung cancer ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Patients with advanced lung cancer experience mild existential distress. Medical staff should assess existential distress levels, paying close attention to patients who are divorced or widowed, have low levels of social support and self-management efficacy, or are experiencing depression. Early interventions should be developed to alleviate negative emotions and help patients rebuild their sense of meaning, thereby improving psychological well-being and reducing survival distress.

According to the classification of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of coronavirus disease 2019 by the national competent authority, this study determined that human coronavirus 229 E(HCoV-229 E) was infected in a mouse model of cold and dampness syndrome, so as to build the human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking lung syndrome model. The model can simulate the traditional Chinese medicine treatment of common disease syndromes in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Diagnosis and Treatment Program(the sixth edition for trial). Specific steps were as follows. ABALB/c mouse model of cold and dampness syndrome was established, based on which, HCoV-229 E virus was infected; then the experiment was divided into normal control group, infection control group, cold-dampness control group, cold-dampness infection group(the model group), high-dose Chaiyin Particles group(8.8 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), and low-dose Chaiyin Particles group(4.4 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)). On the day of infection, Chaiyin Particles was given for three consecutive days. Lung tissues were collected the day after the last dose, and the lung index and inhibition rate were calculated. The nucleic acid of lung tissue was extracted, and the HCoV-229 E virus load was detected by Real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR. Blood leukocytes were separated, and the percentage of T and B lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry. Lung tissue protein was extracted, and IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ contents were detected by ELISA. High and low-dose Chaiyin Particles significantly reduced the lung index(P<0.01) of mice of human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking the lung syndrome, and the inhibition rates were 61.02% and 55.45%, respectively. Compared with the model control group, high and low-dose Chaiyin Particles significantly increased cross blood CD4~+ T lymphocytes, CD8~+T lymphocytes and total B lymphocyte percentage(P<0.05, P<0.01), and reduced IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels in lungs(P<0.01). In vitro results showed that TC_(50), TC_0, IC_(50) and TI of Chaiyin Particles were 4.46 mg·mL~(-1), 3.13 mg·mL~(-1), 1.12 mg·mL~(-1) and 4. The control group of in vitro culture cells had no HCoV-229 E virus nucleic acid expression. The expression of HCoV-229 E virus nucleic acid in the virus control group was 1.48×10~7 copies/mL, and Chaiyin Particles significantly reduced HCoV-229 E expression at doses of 3.13 and 1.56 mg·mL~(-1), and the expression of HCoV-229 E nucleic acid was 9.47×10~5 and 9.47×10~6 copies/mL, respectively. Chaiyin Particles has a better effect on the mouse model with human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking the lung syndrome, and could play a role by enhancing immunity, and reducing inflammatory factor expression.
Animals ; Coronavirus 229E, Human ; Coronavirus Infections ; immunology ; therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lung ; immunology ; virology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

OBJECTIVETo establish an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of eight iridiods in Gardeniae Fructus.

METHODKromasil C18 column (4. 6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was adopted, with acetonitrile-water-trifluoroacetic acid (6:94: 0.05) as the mobile phase at the flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was set at 238 nm, and the column temperature was 40 degrees C.

RESULTThe linear ranges of geniposide, gardoside, shanzhiside, geniposidic acid, deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester, gardenoside, scandoside methyl ester, and genipin gentiobioside were 1.5036 - 15.036, 0.04256 - 0.4256, 0.1038 - 1.038, 0.00992 - 0.0992, 0.02332 - 0.2332, 0.4128 - 4.128, 0.02040 - 0.2040 and 0.4656 - 4.656 microg, respectively. Their average recoveries were 99.6% , 100.6% , 101.2%, 99.5%, 100.3% , 98.7%, 99.8% and 100.1%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe method shows good separation and it is so simple, accurate and highly repeatable that it can be used for providing basis for quality control of Gardeniae Fructus.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Iridoid Glycosides ; analysis ; isolation & purification