Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) has a strong irritating effect on skin, eyes, etc., and inhalation can cause asthma, dyspnea, allergy and other symptoms. This paper analyzes the accident process and clinical data of a patient with chemical burns of eye and skin and pulmonary inflammation caused by HDI, so as to provide references for the prevention and treatment of acute poisoning caused by HDI. At the same time, it reminds enterprises to provide safety training to workers exposed to toxins, regularly organize supervision and inspection, and improve the emergency rescue capabilities for sudden accidents.

Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) has a strong irritating effect on skin, eyes, etc., and inhalation can cause asthma, dyspnea, allergy and other symptoms. This paper analyzes the accident process and clinical data of a patient with chemical burns of eye and skin and pulmonary inflammation caused by HDI, so as to provide references for the prevention and treatment of acute poisoning caused by HDI. At the same time, it reminds enterprises to provide safety training to workers exposed to toxins, regularly organize supervision and inspection, and improve the emergency rescue capabilities for sudden accidents.

INTRODUCTION: Timely detection of dementia enables early access to dementia-specific care services and interventions. Various stakeholders brought together to refine Singapore's dementia care strategy identified a lack of a standardised cognitive screening tool and the absence of a comparative review of existing tools. We hence conducted a rapid review to evaluate the diagnostic performance of brief cognitive screening tools in identifying possible dementia among community-dwelling older adults in Singapore. METHOD: Brief cognitive screening tools were defined as interviews or tests administered in ≤5 minutes. Studies performed in Singapore on older adults ≥60 years, which used locally-validated comparators and reported outcomes of clinician-diagnosed dementia were included. Rapid review methodology was used in study screening and selection. Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies version 2 tool was used for risk-of-bias assessment. A negative likelihood ratio (LR-) of ≤0.2 was defined a priori as having a moderate effect in shifting post-test probability. RESULTS: Fourteen studies were included in qualitative synthesis: 3 studies evaluated self-/informant-based tools only, 4 evaluated performance-based measures only and 7 evaluated combination approaches. Eight-item Informant Interview to Differentiate Aging and Dementia (AD8) was the most studied self-/ informant-based tool. One study found informant AD8 (iAD8) superior to self-rated AD8. Another study found iAD8 superior to Mini-Mental State Examination. Among performance-based measures, Abbreviated Mental Test, Visual Cognitive Assessment Test-Short form version 1 (VCAT-S1), VCAT-S2 and Mini-Cog had LR- <0.2. Minimal improvement of combination approaches compared to iAD8 alone was demonstrated. CONCLUSION Our review suggests the limited utility of dementia screening in communities with low dementia prevalence and supports a case-finding approach instead. With a reliable informant, iAD8 alone has sufficient discriminant ability. Further research is needed to specifically assess the diagnostic ability of performance-based tools in community settings.
Humans ; Singapore ; Dementia/diagnosis* ; Aged ; Independent Living ; Mass Screening/methods* ; Middle Aged ; Aged, 80 and over

Objective:To explore the safety and feasibility of bilateral axillo-breast approach （BABA） robot in the operation of thyroid cancer in obese women. Methods:The clinical data of 81 obese female patients who underwent da Vinci robotic thyroid cancer surgery（robotic group） at the Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, PLA 960 Hospital from May 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed and compared with the clinical data of 106 obese female thyroid cancer patients who underwent open surgery（open group） during the same period. The age, body mass index（BMI）, mean time of surgery, mean postoperative drainage, tumor diameter, postoperative tumor stage, number of lymph node dissection in the central and lateral cervical regions, number of positive lymph nodes in the central and lateral cervical regions, postoperative cosmetic outcome satisfaction score, mean postoperative hospital stay and postoperative complications of all patients were counted. The results were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software, and the count data were compared using the χ² test, and the measurement data were compared using the t test. Results:All patients completed the operation successfully, and there was no conversion in the robot group, postoperative pathological results were all composed of papillary thyroid carcinoma. The operation time in the robot group was（144.62±36.38） min, which was longer than that in the open group（117.06±18.72） min（P<0.05）. The average age of the robot group was（40.25±9.27） years, which was lower than that of the open group（49.59±8.70） years（P<0.05）. The satisfactory score of cosmetic effect in the robot group（9.44±0.65） was higher than that in the open group（5.23±1.07）（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in tumor diameter, BMI, average postoperative drainage, temporary hypoparathyroidism and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, number of central and lateral cervical lymph node dissection, number of positive lymph nodes in the central and lateral cervical regions, and average postoperative hospital stay between the two groups. There was no permanent hypoparathyroidism and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in both groups. Conclusion:The application of BABA pathway robot in thyroid cancer surgery in obese women is safe and feasible, and the cosmetic effect is better after operation.
Humans ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Robotics/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injuries ; Thyroidectomy/methods* ; Carcinoma, Papillary/surgery* ; Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology* ; Neck Dissection ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To study the effect of nonthermal argon atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) treatment on the bonding strength between dentine and self-etch adhesive and the wettability of dentine surfaces under different treatment times. Methods: The plasma jet was operated at an input power of 9 W. Argon was used as the operating gas at a flow rate of 5 L/min. The dentin surface was exposed to the plasma jet (n=6) for various times (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 s). After a one-step self-etch adhesive (S3 Bond) was applied to the treated dentine surface, microtensile bonding specimens were made, and the microtensile bonding strength was tested. Then, the dentine surface contact angles were measured after NTAPP treatment for 5, 10, 15, and 20 s with the same gas flow rate and input power described above. Results: Along with the NTAPP treatment time, the dentin immediate bonding strength was significantly increased. The 15 s group showed significantly elevated bonding strength (31.82±2.80 MPa) in contrast to the other groups. The contact angles of each experimental group significantly decreased compared with the contact angles of the negative control group (75.57°±1.45°). The contact angles decreased the most to 33.56°±2.14° with NTAPP treatment for 15 s, and its wettability was the highest. Conclusion NTAPP treatment can significantly increase the wettability of the dentin surface and improve the adhesive strength of the adhesive interface with self-etching adhesive, which is also related to the treatment time.

Objective: To explore the relationship between group risk perception, self efficacy and attitudes among college students, and its associations with individual prevention and control behaviors regarding COVID 19 pandemic. Methods: From October to November 2021, data were collected among 4 092 undergraduate students from eight colleges and universities in Anhui Province,using a multi stage stratified cluster sampling method. A t test and analysis of variance were performed for comparison between groups, while multiple linear regression was employed to investigate group risk perception, self efficacy and attitudes among college students in terms of individual COVID 19 prevention and control measures. Results: The total scores of group emotional risk perception (ARP), cognitive risk perception (CRP), distance perception (DIP) and self efficacy were (19.72±4.01)(14.56±3.64)(18.04±5.33) and (27.27±6.74), respectively. The total score of attitudes and beliefs was (26.15±4.54), while individual prevention and control behavior was (25.67±4.45). Emotional risk perception ( β=0.16 ), cognitive risk perception ( β=0.08 ), attitudes ( β=0.23 ) and self efficacy ( β=0.13 ) were positively correlated with individual prevention and control behaviors of college students( P <0.05). However, distance risk perception had no significant effect ( P >0.05). Conclusion Risk perception, self efficacy and attitude of college students are correlated with individual COVID 19 prevention and control behaviors. Therefore, colleges and universities should strengthen general self efficacy and attitude,and improve risk awareness towards COVID 19 among college students, and promote the effective prevention and control of campus epidemic.

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected with Delta variant, so as to provide further references for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:A real-world study was conducted to analyze the characteristics of 166 COVID-19 patients infected with Delta variant at Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University.Results:The study enrolled 5 asymptomatic cases, 123 non-severe cases (mild and moderate type), and 38 severe cases (severe and critical type). Among these patients, 69 (41.6%) were male and 97 (58.4%) were female, with a mean age of 47.0±23.5 years. Thirty-nine cases (23.5%) had received 1 or 2 doses of inactivated vaccine. The incidence of severe COVID-19 cases was 7.7% in 2-doses vaccinated patients, which was lower than that of 11.5% in 1-dose and 26.8% in unvaccinated patients. The proportion of severe cases in 2 dose-vaccinated patients was 7.7%, which was lower than that of 11.5% in 1-dose vaccinated patients and 26.8% in unvaccinated patients, but the difference was not significant ( P>0.05). The most common clinical symptom was fever (134 cases, 83.2%), and 39.1% of cases presented with high-grade fever (≥39 °C); other symptoms were cough, sputum, fatigue, and xerostomia. The proportion of fever in severe cases was significantly higher than that of non-severe cases (97.4% vs. 76.4%, P<0.01). Similarly, the proportion of severe cases with high peak temperature (≥39 ℃) () was also higher than that of non-severe cases (65.8% vs. 30.9%, P<0.01). The median minimal Cycle threshold (Ct) values of viral nucleic acid N gene and ORFlab gene were 20.3 and 21.5, respectively, and the minimum Ct values were 11.9 and 13.5, respectively. Within 48 h of admission, 9.0% of cases presented with decreased white blood cell counts, and 52.4% with decreased lymphocyte counts. The proportions of increased C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, interleukin 6, and interleukin 10 were 32.5%, 57.4%, 65.3%, and 35.7%, respectively. The proportions of elevated C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and interleukin-6 in severe cases were significantly higher than those in non-severe cases ( P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that older age and higher peak temperature were associated with a higher likelihood of severe cases ( OR>3, 95% CI: 2-7, P<0.01). In terms of treatment, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was used in 97.6% of non-severe cases and 100% in severe cases. Other treatments included respiratory and nutritional support, immunotherapy (such as neutralizing antibodies and plasma of recovered patients). The median times from admission to progression to severe cases, of fever clearance, and of nucleic acid conversion were 5 days, 6 days and 19 days, respectively. No deaths were reported within 28 days. Conclusions:The symptoms of Delta variant infection in Guangzhou are characterized by a high proportion of fever, high peak temperature, long duration of fever, high viral load, a long time to nucleic acid conversion, and a high incidence of severe cases. The severe cases exhibit a higher percentage of elderly patients, a longer duration of fever and have a higher fever rate and a higher hyperthermia rate than non-severe cases. Age and hyperthermia are independent risk factors for progression to severe disease. The combination of TCM and Western medicine can control the progression of the disease effectively.