Intraoperative hemodynamic monitoring and management are essential components of periopera-tive care for adult patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery,as they are critical for maintaining adequate tissue perfusion and preventing organ dysfunction.In June 2025,the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care(ESAIC)published the"Statement on Intraoperative Hemodynamic Monitoring and Management in Adult Non-Cardiac Surgery."Developed by a panel of 25 international multidisciplinary experts using an evidence-based approach,this statement addresses six key domains:arterial blood pressure management,heart rate regulation,stroke volume and cardiac output monitoring,assessment of cardiac preload and fluid responsiveness,application of microcirculation monitoring techniques,and integrated management of anesthesia depth with cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring.This article provides a comprehensive interpretation of the statement's core recommenda-tions,including guidance on the selection and limitations of monitoring modalities,as well as specific management targets for instance,recommending a mean arterial pressure of at least 60 mmHg as a threshold for intervention and explicitly advising against the use of arterial pressure as a surrogate for cardiac output.The objective is to offer practical clinical guidance for anesthesiologists and to enhance the precision and effectiveness of intraoperative hemodynamic management in adult non-cardiac surgical patients.

Intraoperative hemodynamic monitoring and management are essential components of periopera-tive care for adult patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery,as they are critical for maintaining adequate tissue perfusion and preventing organ dysfunction.In June 2025,the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care(ESAIC)published the"Statement on Intraoperative Hemodynamic Monitoring and Management in Adult Non-Cardiac Surgery."Developed by a panel of 25 international multidisciplinary experts using an evidence-based approach,this statement addresses six key domains:arterial blood pressure management,heart rate regulation,stroke volume and cardiac output monitoring,assessment of cardiac preload and fluid responsiveness,application of microcirculation monitoring techniques,and integrated management of anesthesia depth with cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring.This article provides a comprehensive interpretation of the statement's core recommenda-tions,including guidance on the selection and limitations of monitoring modalities,as well as specific management targets for instance,recommending a mean arterial pressure of at least 60 mmHg as a threshold for intervention and explicitly advising against the use of arterial pressure as a surrogate for cardiac output.The objective is to offer practical clinical guidance for anesthesiologists and to enhance the precision and effectiveness of intraoperative hemodynamic management in adult non-cardiac surgical patients.

Endothelial cells have important physiological functions and regulatory effects related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. Piezo1 is a mechanically sensitive ion channel protein, which is widely distributed in various tissues of the body and participates in the occurrence and development of various diseases. Piezo1 is highly expressed in endothelial cells and plays an important regulatory role in endothelial cell function. This article reviews the structure and function of Piezo1, the physiological function and pathological damage mechanism of endothelial cells, and the role of endothelial cell Piezo1 in various diseases, in order to understand the function and regulation mechanism of endothelial cell Piezo1, and provide new targets and strategies for the treatment of related diseases.

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, of which the pathogenesis is complex and the mortality rate is high. However, current basic research is facing the dilemma of high heterogeneity and difficult translation to clinical practice. In-depth basic research is one of the most important ways to break through the "bottleneck" of clinical diagnosis and treatment of sepsis. The purpose of this review is to analyze the current progress and challenges in the field of basic research on sepsis, and look forward to the potential research directions in the future. Cell function, energy metabolism, microbiota, epigenetics and recovery period of sepsis may be the research priorities.

Perioperative cardiac arrest is a significant cause of perioperative mortality in patients.The first clinical practice recommendation dedicated to the management of perioperative cardiac arrest was published in 2021 and contains 22 specific recommendations.This clinical practice recommendation includes indicators to monitor during treatment, the sequence of defibrillation and chest compressions, the use of epinephrine and antiarrhythmic drugs, treatment strategies for specific types of perioperative cardiac arrest, the use of adjunctive therapies such as ultrasound to assist in treatment, setting appropriate hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, and temperature management.This clinical practice recommendation is essential for effective management of perioperative cardiac arrest and will also provide guidance for further exploration of the management of perioperative cardiac arrest in the future.

Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction secondary to a dysregulated host response to infection.It is considered a major cause of death and health loss worldwide.Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2021, released in October 2021, included 93 total statements, which addressed screening and initial resuscitation, infection, hemodynamics, ventilation, additional therapies, and goals of care and long-term outcomes.This review interpreted the content ofthe guidelines and also analyzed the underlying issues.The guidelines provide a more accurate framework and guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis, and may also provide an opportunity to urge researchers in the field of sepsis worldwide to implement further individualized research.

In order to effectively prevent infection or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission among medical staff during tracheal intubation in patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), and to ensure the safety of personnel who will perform the endotracheal intubation, we made a literature review to analyze the airway management for SARS patients from China and abroad in 2003. Relevant documents, consensus of diagnosis and therapy for patients with COVID-19 from the National Health Commission, and guidelines of relevant academic societies were also reviewed.Thus, we provide suggestions on infection control for performing endotracheal intubation in patients with COVID-19 mainly as follows.Medical staff should fully understand the infection risk of COVID-19 and strengthen the training before the procedure.It is suggested that the indication of endotracheal intubation should be properly defined, and the need for intubation as emergent or elective should be evaluated early with preparation made in advance.During the implementation of endotracheal intubation, the procedure should be completed by the most experienced personnel in airway management using the tools they master best, and a rapid sequential induction of endotracheal intubation is recommended.

Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is one of the most common complications after operations in elderly patients. Occurrence of PND not only affects the quality of life but also increases the burden of medical care, as well as the post-operation disability and mortality rate. Previous studies have shown that the inflammatory response in central nervous system can lead to PND, however, its pathogenesis is undetermined. In this work, the role of neuro-inflammatory response and immune cell activation in the development of PND is reviewed, and the potential treatment is introduced, in order to provide insight for future research and clinical decision.

Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is one of the most common complications after operations in elderly patients. Occurrence of PND not only affects the quality of life but also increases the burden of medical care, as well as the post-operation disability and mortality rate. Previous studies have shown that the inflammatory response in central nervous system can lead to PND, however, its pathogenesis is undetermined. In this work, the role of neuro-inflammatory response and immune cell activation in the development of PND is reviewed, and the potential treatment is introduced, in order to provide insight for future research and clinical decision.
Aged ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Neurocognitive Disorders ; Quality of Life

Immunosuppression plays a vital role in the pathophysiological mechanism of sepsis, and it is the main cause of death in patients with sepsis during the later phase. Sepsis induced immunosuppression is gradually recognized. Its underlying mechanisms involve immune cell apoptosis, autophagy, cell metabolism reprogramming, endotoxin tolerance, central nervous system regulation, and epigenetic regulation. New approaches that target the host immune response and reconstruct the immune balance are the keys to improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis. With the help of immune status monitor, novel immunomodulatory agents, such as thymosin α1, γ- interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-7 (IL-7), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and anti-programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) antibody, are expected to become a new strategy for the treatment of sepsis in future.