As a conventional surgical procedure for repairing skull defect areas using autologous or artificial materials, postoperative complications of cranioplasty remain a clinical challenge that needs to be addressed. Implant exposure is a common and severe complication not only may lead to surgical failure but also exhibits significant individual variations in clinical manifestations. Treatment method must be selected based on specific conditions, and the issue of whether to retain or remove the repair material still remains a subject of academic controversy. This article mainly summarized the characteristics, causes, retention of exposed repair materials and treatment method reported in recent years, aiming to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

As a conventional surgical procedure for repairing skull defect areas using autologous or artificial materials, postoperative complications of cranioplasty remain a clinical challenge that needs to be addressed. Implant exposure is a common and severe complication not only may lead to surgical failure but also exhibits significant individual variations in clinical manifestations. Treatment method must be selected based on specific conditions, and the issue of whether to retain or remove the repair material still remains a subject of academic controversy. This article mainly summarized the characteristics, causes, retention of exposed repair materials and treatment method reported in recent years, aiming to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To analyze the change of macular microcirculation in early diabetic patients and its correlation with visual acuity.Methods:A cross-sectional study was performed.Seventy-five eyes from 75 patients with non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR) and 33 eyes from 33 patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) were included in Subei People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University from December 2019 to September 2020.The patients were divided into the NDR group and NPDR group according to their condition.Another 35 eyes from 35 healthy subjects served as the control group.Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images were acquired over 3 mm×3 mm regions centered on the fovea using RTVue XR OCTA device and the data were quantified with Angio Vue software.The area, perimeter and acircularity index (AI) of the macular foveal avascular zone (FAZ), the grading of abnormal superficial and deep FAZ contour, as well as the vessel density of superficial capillary plexuses (SCP), deep capillary plexuses (DCP) and a 300 μm ring area beside FAZ (FD300) were analyzed and compared among the three groups.The correlations between these indexes and visual acuity were analyzed.This study protocol adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by an Ethics Committee of Subei People's Hospital affiliated to Yangzhou University (No.2018KY-167). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to any medical examination.Results:No statistically significant differences were found in the FAZ area, FAZ perimeter and AI among the three groups ( F=1.948, P=0.146; F=2.632, P=0.075; H=5.582, P=0.061). The proportions of superficial and deep FAZ contour abnormality were 54.5%(18/33) and 87.9%(29/33) in the NPDR group, 37.3%(28/75) and 70.7%(53/75) in the NDR group, 22.9%(8/35) and 42.9%(15/35) in the control group, respectively, the proportions of superficial and deep FAZ contour abnormality in the NPDR group were significantly higher than those in the control group (both at P<0.05). With the aggravation of the condition, there were more eyes with high grades of abnormal superficial and deep FAZ contours ( χ2=9.827, 9.030; all at P<0.05). The vessel density of parafoveal DCP was (52.50[50.70, 54.80]), (50.40[48.40, 52.60]), (48.30[43.60, 51.55])%, and the vessel density of DCP was (49.90[47.70, 51.80]), (47.30[45.20, 50.10]), (45.80[41.30, 48.60])% in the control group, NDR group and NPDR group respectively, and there were statistically significant differences among the three groups ( H=21.719, 21.652; both at P<0.001), and statistically significant differences were found in pairwise comparisons among the three groups (all at P<0.05). The vessel densities of foveal SCP, foveal DCP and FD300 in the NPDR group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all at P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in vessel densities of parafoveal SCP and SCP found in the overall comparison among the three groups ( H=5.290, 5.534; both at P>0.05). In diabetic mellitus patients, there were negative correlations between the vessel density of parafoveal SCP and LogMAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and between the vessel density of SCP and LogMAR BCVA ( rs=-0.305, -0.330; both at P<0.05), and there was a positive correlation between the superficial FAZ contour grading and LogMAR BCVA ( rs=0.353, P<0.05). Conclusions:Abnormal parafoveal DCP and DCP vessel density, as well as FAZ contour, appear in diabetic mellitus patients before the occurrence of visible fundus lesion, and the vessel density of parafoveal SCP and SCP, and superficial FAZ contour grading in diabetic mellitus patients are correlated with visual acuity.OCTA can help monitor disease progression and identify microcirculation parameters that affect visual function.

The paper probed into the reform of healthcare personnel′s payroll system , identifying such problems as the staffing quota management system curbing rational flow of healthcare personnel ,lack of enthusiasm of such personnel ,delayed progress of the implementation of the occupational pension and the shortage of talents in urgent need.With current outcomes confirmed ,the authors recommended to remove the staffing quota system and introduce a market mechanism ;to build an income growth mechanism for higher incentives ;to enhance primary institutions′team building ,and develop talents in urgent need ;to unify social insurance standards and enhance local fiscal support .

Objective To evaluate the in vitro effects of photodynamic therapy alone or in combination with antifungal agents on the apoptosis of planktonic and biofilm cells of Exophiala dermatitidis (E.dermatitidis).Methods The planktonic suspensions of E.dermatitidis were prepared,and the biofilms of E.dermatitidis were prepared via a modified 96-well plate-based methods.Planktonic and biofilm cells of E.dermatitidis were separately divided into several groups:antifungal agent groups treated with antifungal agents alone,photodynamic therapy group receiving photodynamic therapy alone,combination groups receiving photodynamic therapy followed by the treatment with antifungal agents,and blank control group receiving no treatment.These antifungal agents included amphotericin B,posaconazole,voriconazole and itraconazole.The concentrations of these antifungal agents were all 1 mg/L,and the treatment with antifungal agents lasted 2 hours.Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was performed to detect the apoptosis of planktonic and biofilm cells of E.dermatitidis in all the groups.Results The antifungal agents and photodynamic therapy both affected the apoptosis of planktonic (both P ＜ 0.001) and biofilm cells (beth P ＜ 0.05) of E.dermatitidis.The apoptosis rates of E.dermatitidis planktonic cells in the control group,amphotericin B group,posaconazole group,voriconazole group and itraconazole group were 11.67％ ± 0.21％,13.30％ ± 1.78％,14.30％ ± 3.61％,14.51％ ± 1.91％and 36.17％ ± 4.00％ respectively.The apoptosis rate of E.dermatitidis planktonic cells was significantly higher in the itraconazole group than in the control group (P ＜ 0.05),but no significant differences were observed between the other 3 antifungal agent groups and control group (all P ＞ 0.05).The photodynamic therapy group also showed a significantly higher apoptosis rate of E.dermatitidis planktonic cells (41.37％ ±7.80％) compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05).After the treatment with photodynamic therapy combined with amphotericin B,posaconazole,voriconazole or itraconazole,the apoptosis rates of E.dermatitidis planktonic cells were 29.23％ ± 6.71％,37.23％ ± 10.86％,43.57％ ± 6.42％ and 69.87％ ± 3.53％ respectively.Moreover,the photodynamic therapy + voriconazole group and photodynamic therapy + itraconazole group both showed significantly higher apoptosis rates compared with the voriconazole group and itraconazole group respectively (both P ＜ 0.05).The apoptosis rate of E.dermatitidis biofilm cells was significantly higher in the photodynamic therapy group than in the control group (32.00％ ± 0.43％ vs.25.30％ ± 1.31％,P ＜ 0.05),as well as in the photodynamic therapy + amphotericin B than in the amphotericin B group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Photodynamic therapy combined with antifungal agents can markedly promote the apoptosis of planktonic and biofilm cells of E.dermatitidis.

Objective:To investigate the incidence of photo‐allergic contact dermatitis (PACD)induced by chlorpromazine and sulfanilamide with photo‐patch testing (PPT ) .Methods :Patients who underwent PPT for suspected photo dermatoses in Huashan Hospital ,Fudan University from January 2006 to December 2012 were selected .PPT results were evaluated with the criteria of International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG) .Photoallergic positive rate was compared between two allergen groups .And the photoallergic positive rate of each allergen was compared among different genders and ages .Results:A total of 4836 patients were enrolled .PACD positive rate was 44 .3% in 3993 subjects tested with chlorpromazine and 6 .9% in 4836 subjects tested with sulfanilamide .There was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0 .0001) .In the 3993 subjects tested with chlorpromazine ,the male PACD positive rate was 43 .6% ,while the female positive rate was 44 .7% ,and there was no statistical significance(P=0 .51) .In the 4836 subjects tested with sulfanilamide ,the male PACD positive rate was 9 .3% while the female positive rate was 5 .4% ,and there was a significant difference(P<0 .0001) .The PACD positive rate increased with age in subjects tested with chlorpromazine and there was significant difference among different ages ( P< 0 . 0001) .The PACD positive rate in subjects tested with sulfanilamide showed no statistical significance among different ages (P=0 .37) .Conclusions :Chlorpromazine presents higher PACD positive rate than sulfanilamide .The PACD of chlorpromazine mainly happens in middle‐aged and elderly people .The PACD positive rate of sulfanilamide in males is higher than that in females .

To study the effects of exercise and weight control on bone mineral density (BMD) of girl athletes, dual X-ray and single X-ray absorptiometry were adopted to measure BMD; And serum Vitamin D3, estrogen, cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase levels of subjects were determined. Subjects were 63 students of two age groups (before puberty. 8-9 years old; after puberty: 15-16 years old, respectively) of sports and ordinary schools. The results showed that.. Exercise training is beneficial to increase BMD; Long term weight control had no effect on BMDof athletes in this study; Yet girl athletes after puberty with low estrogen levels had less BMD; Girl judo players with rapid weight loss had higher BMD as compared with the same aged nontraining students.