Objective:To help flying personnel prevent flight fatigue risk and ensure flight safety by investigating the fatigue and countermeasures of flying personnel during long-haul flight.Methods:Air Force flying personnel were randomly selected from a cluster. They were divided into 21-30, 31-40 and 41-50 years group according to age. According to the post, they were divided into fighter pilots, bomber pilots, air navigation commander/air communication controller/aerial machinist and other groups. The self-made "questionnaire of aeromedical support to long-haul flight safety" was used to collect the fatigue condition and countermeasures of flying personnel in long-haul flight for the comparison among age and post groups.Results:Out of 156 questionnaires, 150 were valid, with a response rate of 96.2%. For the comparisons among age groups, the significant differences were observed in 3 fatigue symptoms such as drowsiness/sleepiness, discomfort on neck, waist, and shoulders, and degraded reaction ( χ2=12.62, 11.77, 12.23, P=0.002, 0.003, 0.002), 2 fatigue countermeasures such as talking with teammates and engaging in physical activity ( χ2=6.37, 16.70, P=0.041,<0.001), and 4 measures of maintaining flight ability such as sleep management, comprehensive physical training, functional food intake and simulation training ( χ2=8.81, 11.48, 9.59, 7.32, P=0.012, 0.003, 0.008, 0.026). For the comparisons among post groups, the significant differences were observed in 3 fatigue symptoms as visual fatigue, drowsiness/sleepiness, and discomfort on neck, waist, and shoulders ( χ2=10.39, 17.89, 8.42, P=0.016, 0.001, 0.038), as well as in fatigue countermeasures chosen like taking in water or food ( χ2=19.06, P<0.001) and in improving flight ability chosen like relieving eye fatigue ( χ2=12.09, P=0.007). Conclusions:The age and post factors influence the fatigue conditions and countermeasures chosen in the flying personnel during long-haul flight. The targeted and comprehensive interventions are suggested.

Objective:To help flying personnel prevent flight fatigue risk and ensure flight safety by investigating the fatigue and countermeasures of flying personnel during long-haul flight.Methods:Air Force flying personnel were randomly selected from a cluster. They were divided into 21-30, 31-40 and 41-50 years group according to age. According to the post, they were divided into fighter pilots, bomber pilots, air navigation commander/air communication controller/aerial machinist and other groups. The self-made "questionnaire of aeromedical support to long-haul flight safety" was used to collect the fatigue condition and countermeasures of flying personnel in long-haul flight for the comparison among age and post groups.Results:Out of 156 questionnaires, 150 were valid, with a response rate of 96.2%. For the comparisons among age groups, the significant differences were observed in 3 fatigue symptoms such as drowsiness/sleepiness, discomfort on neck, waist, and shoulders, and degraded reaction ( χ2=12.62, 11.77, 12.23, P=0.002, 0.003, 0.002), 2 fatigue countermeasures such as talking with teammates and engaging in physical activity ( χ2=6.37, 16.70, P=0.041,<0.001), and 4 measures of maintaining flight ability such as sleep management, comprehensive physical training, functional food intake and simulation training ( χ2=8.81, 11.48, 9.59, 7.32, P=0.012, 0.003, 0.008, 0.026). For the comparisons among post groups, the significant differences were observed in 3 fatigue symptoms as visual fatigue, drowsiness/sleepiness, and discomfort on neck, waist, and shoulders ( χ2=10.39, 17.89, 8.42, P=0.016, 0.001, 0.038), as well as in fatigue countermeasures chosen like taking in water or food ( χ2=19.06, P<0.001) and in improving flight ability chosen like relieving eye fatigue ( χ2=12.09, P=0.007). Conclusions:The age and post factors influence the fatigue conditions and countermeasures chosen in the flying personnel during long-haul flight. The targeted and comprehensive interventions are suggested.

OBJECTIVE: To obtain cancer stem cells (CSCs) from surgically resected colorectal cancer specimens and identify their stem cell characteristics. METHODS: Colorectal cancer tissue specimen obtained from a patient undergoing radical resection of colorectal cancer were implanted in nude mice, and the xenograft was harvested 1 month later to obtain purified tumor cells by enzyme digestion and adherent culture. The CSCs were screened by limiting dilution method and serum-free culture to identify their phenotypes. Soft agar colony assay was used to assess the proliferative ability of the CSCs and human colorectal cancer cell line SW480. The tumorigenic ability of the isolated CSCs and SW480 cells was evaluated by observing their subcutaneous tumor formation in nude mice. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect the immunophenotype of the CSCs and SW480 cells. RESULTS: The primary cultured CSCs from clinical specimens of colorectal cancer underwent differentiation in the presence of serum in the culture. Soft agar colony formation assay showed that the CSCs had a colony formation rate above 50%, significantly higher than the rate of colorectal cancer SW480 cells (4.41%; < 0.01). In nude mice, subcutaneous injection of 500 CSCs was sufficient to result in subcutaneous tumor formation, while the injection of 500 SW480 cells failed to form any subcutaneous tumors. The CSCs expressed CD133 and CD44 but not CK7, while SW480 cells expressed CK7 but not CD133 or CD44. CONCLUSIONS CSCs can be derived by primary culture of cancer cells obtained from surgically resected colorectal cancer tissue followed by serum-free culture, and the CSCs obtained have self-renewal and differentiation abilities.
Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplastic Stem Cells

Objective To investigate the association of smoking status with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its subtypes among the middle-aged and older male populations. Methods This study included 13 940 males from Dongfeng-Tongji (DFTJ) cohort who were free of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, cancer or severely abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) at baseline. All participants completed baseline questionnaires, physical examinations, clinical biochemical tests and blood sample collection. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confident intervals (CI) for the association analyses. Results Compared with never smokers, current smokers had significant higher risks of CVD, CHD and stroke, the adjusted HRs of current smokers who smoked for more than 40 pack-years were 1.49 (95% CI: 1.32-1.68, Ptrend=0.001), 1.40 (95% CI: 1.22-1.62, Ptrend=0.026) and 1.59 (95% CI: 1.26-2.00, Ptrend=0.029) for CVD, CHD and stroke, respectively; and the adjusted HRs of current smokers who started smoking before 20 years old were 1.29 (95% CI: 1.06-1.58, Ptrend=0.007) and 1.30 (95% CI: 1.03-1.64, Ptrend=0.010) for CVD and CHD, respectively. Former smokers who had quitted smoking for 10 or more years had significant lower risks of CVD (HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.71-0.91, Ptrend=0.017) and stroke (HR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.50-0.84, Ptrend=0.207) when comparing to current smokers. Conclusions Smoking is significantly associated with higher risks of CVD, CHD and stroke, and greater amount of smoking and earlier age at smoking initiation are associated with a higher risk of CVD. Smoking cessation can reduce the risk of CVD.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary overlap syndrome (ACOS). Methods: From January 2015 to December 2017, 40 patients with ACOS, 40 patients with asthma and 40 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) in Zhoushan Hospital were collected.The general information, laboratory test indicators, lung function test indicators and FEV₁ mutation after bronchodilator test were compared among the three groups. Results: There were statistically significant differences in age[(45.36±5.27) vs. (54.45±4.69) vs. (67.57±5.18), F=9.334, P=0.004], the proportion of smoking patients (92.50% vs. 75.00% vs. 60.00%, χ²=11.550, P=0.003), and the proportion of family history of asthma (7.50% vs. 20.00% vs. 30.00%, χ²=6.562, P=0.038) among the patients with ACOS, asthma and COPD.The percentage of eosinophils in peripheral blood [(8.46±0.94)% vs. (6.13±0.78)% vs. (3.75±0.45)%, F=11.626, P=0.001] and the serum IgE levels [(353.41±45.74)IU/mL vs. (252.65±30.45)IU/mL vs. (155.26±22.77)IU/mL, F=7.605, P=0.001] were decreased in turn, the differences were statistically significant.The FEV₁/FVC% and FEV₁% pred in the ACOS group were lower than those in the asthma group [(54.26±6.86)% vs. (72.43±8.52)%, t=10.506, P=0.001 and (50.35±6.22)% vs. (62.60±7.52)%, t=7.939, P=0.001], however, there were no significant differences compared with the COPD group[(54.26±6.86)% vs. (53.88±7.25)%, t=0.241, P=0.810 and (50.35±6.22)% vs. (50.56±6.46)%, t=0.148, P=0.883]. The proportion of small airway dysfunction in the ACOS group was higher than that in the asthma group (82.50% vs. 57.50%, χ²=5.952, P=0.015), however, there was no statistically significant difference compared with COPD group(82.50% vs. 85.00%, χ²=0.092, P=0.762). The RV/TLC% in the ACOS group was higher than that in the asthma group [(46.71±5.31)% vs. (32.46±4.52)%, t=12.924, P=0.001], however, there was no statistically significant difference compared with the COPD group [(46.71±5.31)% vs. (46.92±5.75)%, t=0.170, P=0.866]. The DLCO% in the ACOS group was lower than that in the asthma group [(64.37±4.66)% vs (82.62±4.53)%, t=17.760, P=0.001], but higher than that of the COPD group [(64.37±4.66)% vs. (51.25±4.35)%, t=13.017, P=0.001]. After bronchodilator test, the FEV₁ mutation rate of the ACOS group was higher than that of the COPD group [(20.86±2.05)% vs. (6.52±0.55)%, t=42.730, P=0.001], but there was no statistically significant difference compared with the asthma group [(20.86±2.05)% vs. (21.13±2.14)%, t=0.576, P=0.566]. Conclusion Compared with asthma patients, the age of ACOS patients is older, the percentage of peripheral blood eosinophils and the level of serum IgE are lower, the pulmonary ventilation function is lower, the airway dysfunction is more significant, the residual volume is more significant, the lung diffuse function is lower, acidic granulocyte airway inflammation is mild.But compared with patients with COPD, the age of ACOS patients is younger, the percentage of peripheral blood eosinophils and serum IgE levels are higher, the lung diffuse function is higher, and acidic granulocyte airway inflammation is heavier.

Objective To study the clinical significance of EGFR mutation in patients with advanced non -small cell lung cancer combined with malignant pleural effusion,and to provide reliable theoretical basis for clinical treatment .Methods 3 0 patients of advanced non -small -cell lung cancer complicated with malignant pleural effusion in Zhoushan island area were selected.DNA was extracted in the pleural effusion and EGFR 19,21 two loci of gene mutation was detected by sequencing PCR.EGFR and clinical characteristics of the patients (gender,age,smoking history,disease types of cases and in the level of CEA level)was compared.Results Among the 30 cases,4 cases of gene mutation,1 case of male patient,3 cases of female patients,4 cases of adenocarcinoma,4 cases of non smokers, 2 cases of EGFR19 deletion,2 cases of EGFR21 mutation.Among them,3 patients were treated by biological target therapy,the survival time was more than 1 year,and there were no obvious adverse reactions,and the effective rate was 75.00%.Conclusion The gene mutations of EGFR were detected in the patients with advanced non -small cell lung cancer combined with malignant pleural effusion,and the mutation rate 13.30%,which was high in female,non smoker and adenocarcinoma,and it could be used to treat the tumor.

Objective To survey the influences of pilot helmet displacement to information viewing,to establish the relations between the helmet displacement and image loss,so as to provide the basis for improving helmet design,evaluating performance and guiding the use of helmet.Methods Eleven volunteers with good visual acuity wore appropriate pilot helmets with the mounted display to their right eyes.Concentric circles with cross-line was displayed in approximate 3.5° visual field.Volunteers were in seated position and their heads were kept unmovable by a jaw support.The displayed information was adjusted at right front of volunteer's right eye.The adjustable load was applied by an energizing mechanism on the helmet where corresponding to the tragion notches of human body and were in the basal plane of head.There was a laser device that produced red cross-line mounted at the front-end of energizing mechanism.The position of red cross-line could be projected on a ruler board installed in front of volunteer and its change with the movement of helmet could be read from the board as the load applied.Volunteer reported the changes of his view in the meantime of loading.Results The image loss would be happened with the increase of the load.The upper inside circle was starting loss as the angular displacement of helmet reached (5.0 ± 1.7)° and the vertical displacement reached (3.7±1.0) mm (n=9),and when it attained (9.3±2.1)°and (7.4±2.5) mm (n=11) all information was lost.2 N · m load could lead to (7.3±3.1)°and (5.6±2.7) mm displacement (n=11).For testing the stability of helmet a quasi-static loading method was developed.Conclusions The pilot helmet slippage significantly impairs the pilot's information viewing and the improved design,fitted wearing in application would be necessary.The method and test parameters of assessing the stability of the helmet with mounted display are applicable.The suggestions to improve the stability of the helmet are proposed.

Objective To survey the influences of pilot helmet displacement to information viewing,to establish the relations between the helmet displacement and image loss,so as to provide the basis for improving helmet design,evaluating performance and guiding the use of helmet.Methods Eleven volunteers with good visual acuity wore appropriate pilot helmets with the mounted display to their right eyes.Concentric circles with cross-line was displayed in approximate 3.5° visual field.Volunteers were in seated position and their heads were kept unmovable by a jaw support.The displayed information was adjusted at right front of volunteer's right eye.The adjustable load was applied by an energizing mechanism on the helmet where corresponding to the tragion notches of human body and were in the basal plane of head.There was a laser device that produced red cross-line mounted at the front-end of energizing mechanism.The position of red cross-line could be projected on a ruler board installed in front of volunteer and its change with the movement of helmet could be read from the board as the load applied.Volunteer reported the changes of his view in the meantime of loading.Results The image loss would be happened with the increase of the load.The upper inside circle was starting loss as the angular displacement of helmet reached (5.0 ± 1.7)° and the vertical displacement reached (3.7±1.0) mm (n=9),and when it attained (9.3±2.1)°and (7.4±2.5) mm (n=11) all information was lost.2 N · m load could lead to (7.3±3.1)°and (5.6±2.7) mm displacement (n=11).For testing the stability of helmet a quasi-static loading method was developed.Conclusions The pilot helmet slippage significantly impairs the pilot's information viewing and the improved design,fitted wearing in application would be necessary.The method and test parameters of assessing the stability of the helmet with mounted display are applicable.The suggestions to improve the stability of the helmet are proposed.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibitive effect of E1A gene carried by PEI-Fe(3)O(4) nanometer particle (NP) on the cell growth of human cervical carcinoma cell in vitro and its mechanism, and to provide the experimental evidence for the feasibility of gene therapy for human cervical carcinoma. METHODS: E1A gene conjugated to PEI-Fe3O4 NP was transfected into human cervical carcinoma cell line Hela. The cell growth curve of Hela was drawn, the doubling time and the number of colony formations on the soft agar were calculated based on the cell count. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of the E1A and HER-2/neu in Hela cells. RESULTS: The cell doubling time of Hela cells transfected with E1A gene (Hela-E1A) was 1.53 times and 1.58 times longer than that of the Hela transfected with blank vector (Hela-vector) and blank Hela control (Hela), respectively. The E1A transfected Hela cells grew slower than those of the control group. The cell colony formation efficiency in the Hela-E1A (6.62%) group was significantly lower than that of Hela (30.48%) and Hela-vector (28.3%) groups (P<0.05). As compared to Hela and Hela-vector, the inhibition rate of Hela-E1A was 78.28% and 76.62% respectively. RT-PCR and Western blot demonstrated that the overexpression of E1A through gene transfection significantly inhibited mRNA and protein expression of HER-2/neu in Hela cells. CONCLUSION E1A gene can suppress the cell growth of human cervical carcinoma cell Hela in vitro. Down-regulated expression of HER-2/neu gene by E1A overexpression in Hela might contribute to the Hela growth inhibitive effect of E1A.
Adenovirus E1A Proteins ; genetics ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Transfection ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; genetics ; therapy

Aircrew survival equipment is for pilots' survival when they have to parachute or land in various bad situations. Introduction relating to survival equipment is given including development course, sorts, carrying methods, its role in aviation survival and its development tendency. It is indicated that survival equipment will still play an important role in aviation survival within quite a time and it is also imperative to perfect aircrew survival equipment system from improving its performance, increasing its tactical using background and improving its supply system of ordering goods.