Objective:To establish a foundation for the psychological selection of air combat personnel by studying the cognitive ability measurement methods for air combat personnel.Methods:The tests were done for 390 subjects including 142 radar operators, 117 radar academy students, 45 air combat personnel, and 86 radar trainees. Based on job analysis, 5 cognitive test tasks were developed, including graphic discrimination, working memory test, target tracking, voice anti-jamming, and comprehensive management. The discrimination was evaluated by the distribution graphs and coefficients of variation of the test results. The criterion-related validity was examined by correlating the cognitive test scores with the participants' work performance or academic grades, which served as the criteria. Content validity was determined by a 9-level scoring (1-9) of task necessity that collected from 30 air combat personnel and by the assessments of necessity of tested abilities that came from 30 experts. The parallel forms reliability, test-retest reliability and split-half reliability were tested respectively according to the results of each test.Results:The original scores of each test showed approximate normal distribution. The selected indicators' coefficients of variation were 14.4%-111.0%, reliabilities were 0.764-0.827, and criterion-related validities were 0.186-0.445, all of which were statistically significant (all P<0.05). In 30 air combat personnel, 53.3%-83.3% scored 7-9 to the necessity of test items, and 93.3% of 30 experts gave the required or basically required evaluations to the test items. Conclusions:The series tests show good content validity, and discrimination, reliability and the criterion-related validity meet the requirements of psychometrics. Especially the tests of graphic discrimination, working memory and target tracking expressed higher degree of discrimination, and can be used as cognitive ability assessment tool for the selection of air combat personnel.

Objective:To establish a foundation for the psychological selection of air combat personnel by studying the cognitive ability measurement methods for air combat personnel.Methods:The tests were done for 390 subjects including 142 radar operators, 117 radar academy students, 45 air combat personnel, and 86 radar trainees. Based on job analysis, 5 cognitive test tasks were developed, including graphic discrimination, working memory test, target tracking, voice anti-jamming, and comprehensive management. The discrimination was evaluated by the distribution graphs and coefficients of variation of the test results. The criterion-related validity was examined by correlating the cognitive test scores with the participants' work performance or academic grades, which served as the criteria. Content validity was determined by a 9-level scoring (1-9) of task necessity that collected from 30 air combat personnel and by the assessments of necessity of tested abilities that came from 30 experts. The parallel forms reliability, test-retest reliability and split-half reliability were tested respectively according to the results of each test.Results:The original scores of each test showed approximate normal distribution. The selected indicators' coefficients of variation were 14.4%-111.0%, reliabilities were 0.764-0.827, and criterion-related validities were 0.186-0.445, all of which were statistically significant (all P<0.05). In 30 air combat personnel, 53.3%-83.3% scored 7-9 to the necessity of test items, and 93.3% of 30 experts gave the required or basically required evaluations to the test items. Conclusions:The series tests show good content validity, and discrimination, reliability and the criterion-related validity meet the requirements of psychometrics. Especially the tests of graphic discrimination, working memory and target tracking expressed higher degree of discrimination, and can be used as cognitive ability assessment tool for the selection of air combat personnel.

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether anchor placement could improve holding force of anchors under the condition of osteoporosis, in order to solve the problem of clinical treatment for rotator cuff injury associated with osteoporosis. METHODS: Twenty one bone modules, which included 13 males and 8 females aged from 60 to 95 years old with an average of (77.6±10.3) years old, and were divided into three experimental groups named as group A, B and C, and 7 in each group. A single anchor was inserted in group A, two parallel anchors were screwed in group B, and a single anchor was screwed in group C, then after the anchor was pulled out, anchor was screwed back and another anchor was screwed in close to the anchor. X-ray examination was performed in all three groups to observe situation of anchor in osteoporosis module; the maximum axial pull-out force (Fmax) of the three groups was measured. RESULTS: Fmax of group A, B and C was (170.35±31.21) N, (314.47±23.47) N, and(292.74±25.36) N, respectively. Compared with group A, there were statistical difference of Fmax in group B and C(P<0.05), while no difference of Fmax between group B and C(P>0.05). CONCLUSION In the case of loose anchors in the osteoporosis module, holding force of anchors could be improved by adding anchor, which provide a remedy for single anchor failure in clinical operation.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis/surgery* ; Radiography ; Rotator Cuff Injuries/surgery* ; Suture Anchors ; Suture Techniques

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of fucoxanthin (FX) against diabetic cardiomyopathy and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Rat models of diabetes mellitus (DM) induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) were randomized into DM model group, fucoxanthin treatment (DM+FX) group and metformin treatment (DM+ Met) group, and normal rats with normal feeding served as the control group. In the two treatment groups, fucoxanthin and metformin were administered after modeling by gavage at the daily dose of 200 mg/kg and 230 mg/kg, respectively for 12 weeks, and the rats in the DM model group were given saline only. HE staining was used to examine the area of cardiac myocyte hypertrophy in each group. The expression levels of fibrotic proteins TGF-β1 and FN proteins in rat hearts were detected with Western blotting. In the cell experiment, the effect of 1 μmol/L FX on H9C2 cell hypertrophy induced by exposure to high glucose (HG, 45 mmol/L) was evaluated using FITC-labeled phalloidin. The mRNA expression levels of the hypertrophic factors ANP, BNP and β-MHC in H9C2 cells were detected using qRT-PCR. The protein expressions of Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1 and SOD1 proteins in rat heart tissues and H9C2 cells were determined using Western blotting. The DCFH-DA probe was used to detect the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS: In the diabetic rats, fucoxanthin treatment obviously alleviated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis, increased the protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1, and decreased the protein expressions of Keap1 in the heart tissue (P < 0.05). In H9C2 cells with HG exposure, fucoxanthin significantly inhibited the enlargement of cell surface area, lowered the mRNA expression levels of ANP, BNP and β-MHC (P < 0.05), promoted Nrf2 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, and up-regulated the protein expressions its downstream targets SOD1 and HO-1 (P < 0.05) to enhance cellular antioxidant capacity and reduce intracellular ROS production. CONCLUSION Fucoxanthin possesses strong inhibitory activities against diabetic cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis and is capable of up-regulating Nrf2 signaling to promote the expression of its downstream antioxidant proteins SOD1 and HO-1 to reduce the level of ROS.
Animals ; Antioxidants/metabolism* ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/pharmacology* ; Cardiomegaly ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism* ; Fibrosis ; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1/metabolism* ; Metformin ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism* ; Oxidative Stress ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism* ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Superoxide Dismutase-1/pharmacology* ; Xanthophylls

Objective:To review the effects of sleep deprivation on the alertness and cognitive abilities of pilots, so as to provide references to the subsequent research in this field. Literature resource and selections Relevant articles and scientific reports published in China and abroad. Literature quotation Thirty-five publications were cited. Literature synthesis A large number of experiments and research results have shown that sleep deprivation can reduce pilots′ alertness, deteriorate pilots′ cognitive abilities such as attention, memory and reaction ability, then result in decrements of flight operation ability. The longer the sleep deprivation, the severer fatigue the pilots will suffer, and the greater impact on their cognitive ability. The severe case may lead to flight accident. Conclusions:Sleep deprivation is a major safety hazard to pilots in flight, so it is necessary to carry out further research on countermeasures, such as to improve their alertness, cognitive abilities, and flight performance for ensuring flight safety.

Objective:To review the effects of sleep deprivation on the alertness and cognitive abilities of pilots, so as to provide references to the subsequent research in this field. Literature resource and selections Relevant articles and scientific reports published in China and abroad. Literature quotation Thirty-five publications were cited. Literature synthesis A large number of experiments and research results have shown that sleep deprivation can reduce pilots′ alertness, deteriorate pilots′ cognitive abilities such as attention, memory and reaction ability, then result in decrements of flight operation ability. The longer the sleep deprivation, the severer fatigue the pilots will suffer, and the greater impact on their cognitive ability. The severe case may lead to flight accident. Conclusions:Sleep deprivation is a major safety hazard to pilots in flight, so it is necessary to carry out further research on countermeasures, such as to improve their alertness, cognitive abilities, and flight performance for ensuring flight safety.

Objective:To conduct the research progress on applying Modafinil to modify the sleep deprivation and provide reference to the further research on improving sleep deprived pilot′s flight ability by taking psychotropic medications.Literature resource and selection:Relevant articles and scientific reports published in China and abroad.Literature quotation:Thirty-five published papers were cited.Literature synthesis:The negative effects of sleep deprivation on pilots′ alertness, cognitive function, and flight operation ability were briefly reviewed in this article, and the improvement in the flight operation ability of sleep deprived pilots by taking Modafinil verified by the computer-simulated flight was summarized. In wartime, pilots suffered from the decline of alertness, impairment of such cognitive functions as concentration and memory and degenerative flight operation ability caused by sleep deprivation in cross time zone and long-distance flights. Modafinil can effectively alleviate the fatigue of pilots under sleep deprivation, sustain their central nervous alertness, significantly improve their cognitive function as a cognitive enhancer, and reduce the influences on pilot′s operation ability that caused by sleep deprivation in simulated flight.Conclusions:The rational use of Modafinil is an important emergency measure to sustain pilot′s alertness, alleviate fatigue and improve cognitive ability, as well as to maintain his flight operation ability. The further research on resisting sleep deprivation by psychotropic medications to maintain flight operation ability would be of great significance to the improvement on Chinese military medical support.

Objective:To conduct the research progress on applying Modafinil to modify the sleep deprivation and provide reference to the further research on improving sleep deprived pilot′s flight ability by taking psychotropic medications.Literature resource and selection:Relevant articles and scientific reports published in China and abroad.Literature quotation:Thirty-five published papers were cited.Literature synthesis:The negative effects of sleep deprivation on pilots′ alertness, cognitive function, and flight operation ability were briefly reviewed in this article, and the improvement in the flight operation ability of sleep deprived pilots by taking Modafinil verified by the computer-simulated flight was summarized. In wartime, pilots suffered from the decline of alertness, impairment of such cognitive functions as concentration and memory and degenerative flight operation ability caused by sleep deprivation in cross time zone and long-distance flights. Modafinil can effectively alleviate the fatigue of pilots under sleep deprivation, sustain their central nervous alertness, significantly improve their cognitive function as a cognitive enhancer, and reduce the influences on pilot′s operation ability that caused by sleep deprivation in simulated flight.Conclusions:The rational use of Modafinil is an important emergency measure to sustain pilot′s alertness, alleviate fatigue and improve cognitive ability, as well as to maintain his flight operation ability. The further research on resisting sleep deprivation by psychotropic medications to maintain flight operation ability would be of great significance to the improvement on Chinese military medical support.

Objective To investigate the association of smoking status with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its subtypes among the middle-aged and older male populations. Methods This study included 13 940 males from Dongfeng-Tongji (DFTJ) cohort who were free of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, cancer or severely abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) at baseline. All participants completed baseline questionnaires, physical examinations, clinical biochemical tests and blood sample collection. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confident intervals (CI) for the association analyses. Results Compared with never smokers, current smokers had significant higher risks of CVD, CHD and stroke, the adjusted HRs of current smokers who smoked for more than 40 pack-years were 1.49 (95% CI: 1.32-1.68, Ptrend=0.001), 1.40 (95% CI: 1.22-1.62, Ptrend=0.026) and 1.59 (95% CI: 1.26-2.00, Ptrend=0.029) for CVD, CHD and stroke, respectively; and the adjusted HRs of current smokers who started smoking before 20 years old were 1.29 (95% CI: 1.06-1.58, Ptrend=0.007) and 1.30 (95% CI: 1.03-1.64, Ptrend=0.010) for CVD and CHD, respectively. Former smokers who had quitted smoking for 10 or more years had significant lower risks of CVD (HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.71-0.91, Ptrend=0.017) and stroke (HR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.50-0.84, Ptrend=0.207) when comparing to current smokers. Conclusions Smoking is significantly associated with higher risks of CVD, CHD and stroke, and greater amount of smoking and earlier age at smoking initiation are associated with a higher risk of CVD. Smoking cessation can reduce the risk of CVD.

Objective To study the correlation between the spatial orientation ability determined by spatial disorientation simulator and the results of psychological quality test ,flight skill ,expert evaluation and total scores ,and to provide a scientific theory basis for future spatial orientation ability tests for high performance fighter pilots . Methods Self-matching design was chosen in the study . Twenty-three high performance fighter pilots achieved the spatial orientation ability test under the complex weather conditions and high load tasks in the spatial disorientation simulator .The test scores of spatial orientation ability was compared to the psychological test scores ,the flight skill test scores and expert evaluation scores by Pearson product moment correlation analysis .The rankings of total scores ,spatial orientation ability ,expert evaluation scores ,flight skills and psychological scores were processed by Spearman correlation analysis . Results ① By the Pearson product difference correlation analysis , the spatial orientation ability scores showed the highest correlation with psychological test scores (r＝0 .79 ,P＜0 .01) ,then the correlation with the expert evaluation scores (r＝0 .47 ,P＜0 .05) ,and uncorrelated relationship with the flight skill test scores (r＝ 0 .09 , P＞0 .05) .The expert evaluation scores were correlated with the flight skill test scores (r＝ 0 .69 , P＜0 .01) but uncorrelated with the psychological test scores ( r ＝ 0 .34 , P ＞ 0 .05 ) .There was no correlation between the flight skill test scores and the psychological test scores (r＝0 .16 , P＞0 .05) .②By the Spearman rank correlation analysis ,the total scores showed the highest correlation with the psychological test scores (r ＝ 0 .88 , P ＜ 0 .01) ,and was significantly correlated with the spatial orientation ability test scores ,the flight skill test scores and expert evaluation scores (r＝0 .60 ,0 .72 , 0 .63 , P＜0 .05) . Conclusions Spatial orientation ability has a close relationship with psychological test scores .It would be an important indicator of the psychological quality for high performance fighter pilot .