Mitochondria are the main site of energy metabolism within cells,generating a substantial amount of ATP to supply energy to the human body.Research has shown that alterations in mitochondrial structure and function exist in individuals with schizophrenia,suggesting their potential impact on the onset of psychiatric disorders and clinical treatment efficacy.Therefore,understanding the research progress on the genetic mechanisms,pathological processes,image manifestations of schizophrenia and mitochondrial quality control,and summarizing the relevant evidence of mitochondrial-related targets as potential therapeutic targets for schizophrenia,can provide references for further research.

Schizophrenia is a common chronic mental disorder.Cognitive dysfunction is one of its core symptoms,which severely affects the social functioning of patients.Currently,antipsychotic medication treatments have poor efficacy in improving cognitive functions.Recent studies have found that metformin can improve cognitive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia.However,the mechanism of action remains unclear.This review summarizes the therapeutic effects of metformin on cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia patients such as improving insulin resistance,repairing neuronal damage,regulating neuroimmunity,and combating oxidative stress,thereby providing new insights for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Late-onset cobalamin C (cblC) deficiency is an inherited organic acid metabolic disorder characterized by clinical heterogeneity, which often presents challenges in accurate diagnosis. This article presents a case study of a young female patient who initially experienced epileptic-like seizures. Over a span of 9 years, she subsequently developed psychotic symptoms. Her condition has been steadily deteriorating over a period of 16 years, leading to mutism, loss of ambulation, dysphagia, and urinary and fecal incontinence. Although electroencephalography and cranial computed tomography did not show significant findings during the course of the illness, cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed evidence of cerebral atrophy. Biochemical analysis revealed elevated levels of blood homocysteine and urinary methylmalonic acid-2. Genetic testing identified two pathogenic mutations in the MMACHC gene, confirming the diagnosis of late-onset cobalamin C (cblC) deficiency. Despite receiving interventions such as antiepileptic and antipsychotic medications during the diagnostic and therapeutic phases, the patient′s clinical progress remained limited.Following the definitive diagnosis, targeted metabolic therapy was initiated, leading to significant clinical improvement. This article provides a comprehensive review of the patient′s clinical data, along with a synthesis of relevant literature, in order to enhance the awareness of psychiatric practitioners regarding this rare disorder. The primary objective is to promote early identification, prompt diagnosis, and timely intervention.

Late-onset cobalamin C (cblC) deficiency is an inherited organic acid metabolic disorder characterized by clinical heterogeneity, which often presents challenges in accurate diagnosis. This article presents a case study of a young female patient who initially experienced epileptic-like seizures. Over a span of 9 years, she subsequently developed psychotic symptoms. Her condition has been steadily deteriorating over a period of 16 years, leading to mutism, loss of ambulation, dysphagia, and urinary and fecal incontinence. Although electroencephalography and cranial computed tomography did not show significant findings during the course of the illness, cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed evidence of cerebral atrophy. Biochemical analysis revealed elevated levels of blood homocysteine and urinary methylmalonic acid-2. Genetic testing identified two pathogenic mutations in the MMACHC gene, confirming the diagnosis of late-onset cobalamin C (cblC) deficiency. Despite receiving interventions such as antiepileptic and antipsychotic medications during the diagnostic and therapeutic phases, the patient′s clinical progress remained limited.Following the definitive diagnosis, targeted metabolic therapy was initiated, leading to significant clinical improvement. This article provides a comprehensive review of the patient′s clinical data, along with a synthesis of relevant literature, in order to enhance the awareness of psychiatric practitioners regarding this rare disorder. The primary objective is to promote early identification, prompt diagnosis, and timely intervention.

Objective To study the effect of percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) combined with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in treatment of acute severe cholecystitis.Method The perioperative data of patients treated with PTGBD combined with LC and patients treated with emergency LC were analyzed.Results There were no significant difference between the two groups on surgical duration (t =0.601,P =0.551) and postoperative hospital stay (t =0.979,P =0.331).Blood loss [PTGBD + LC (79.43 ± 46.27) ml,LC (125.84 ± 64.18) ml ; t =3.641,P ＜ 0.05],peritoneal drainage time [PTGDB + LC (3.29 ± 1.58) d,LC (4.63 ± 2.31) d ; t =3.131,P ＜ 0.05] and postoperative oral intake time [PTGBD +LC (2.91 ±1.58)d,LC (4.21 ±2.22)d; t =2.669,P＜0.05] were significantly different between the two groups.The rate of laparotomy,mortality and postoperative complications in the emergency LC group were higher than those in the PTGBD combined with LC group.Conclusions PTGBD combined with LC in the treatment of acute severe cholecystitis was significantly better than emergency LC.

Objective To investigate clinical efficacy and side effects of long-acting risperidone microsphere injection for treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Methods A total of 82 patients with schizophrenia were randomly divided into two groups,study group with long-acting risperidone microsphere injection and control group with atypical antipsychotics treatment for 24 weeks. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS),The Personal and Social Performance (PSP) and Treatment Emergent Symptoms Scale (TESS) were used to evaluate efficacy and adverse effects of treatment at the end of 1st ,2nd,4th, 12nd and 24th week. Results The therapeutic efficacy in control group was similar to that in study group,and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P＞ 0.05 ). But the therapeutic efficacy in study group was better than that in control group at the end of the 4nd week (P＜0.05 ) , and study group was more likely to improve social function(P ＜ 0. 05 ). Incidence of adverse effects in study group was lower than that in control group , but the difference was not significant (P ＞0.05 ). The incidence of akathisia symptom in study group was higher than that in control group,but the difference was not significant (P＞0.05). The incidence of drowsiness symptom in study group was significantly lower than that in control group(P＜0.05 ). Conclusion Long-acting risperidone microsphere injection is as effective as atypical antipsychotics for treatment of patients with schizophrenia, but it has better efficacy in improving social function of the schizophrenia with lower side effects.