Objective:To investigate whether escin(ESC)and dextromethorphan(DEX)have the protective effects on the progression and symptoms of Alzheimer disease(AD).Methods:The AD model of Caenorhabditis elegans(C.elegans)was established by transgenic amyloid β-protein(Aβ protein).Different concentrations of ESC or DEX or 50 μmol/L memantine(MEM)were used to treat the AD model worms,and their lifespan was detected.The movement ability of AD model C.elegans was evalua-ted by body bending frequency and head swinging frequency.The changes in cognitive functions of AD model C.elegans before and after treatment were detected by chemotaxis experiments.The changes in A βprotein and reactive oxygen species(ROS)content in C.elegans were detected.The changes in gene pathways related to oxidative stress were detected by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).Results:At high dose 1 000 μmol/L,ESC or DEX treatment showed no significant effects on the activity of C.elegans.Compared with untreated worms,the survival time of AD model C.elegans in the 20 μmol/L ESC and 60 μmol/L DEX intervention groups was significantly extended.In the middle stage of AD progression,the body bending frequency and head swinging frequency of AD model worms after ESC or DEX treatment was significantly increased compared with the untreated control group with DEX being more effective in the recovery of head swinging frequency.For the early cognitive function tests,the chemotaxis index of ESC or DEX treated worms was significantly higher than that of the untreated worms,which correlated with marked reductions in the Aβ protein levels.The reactive oxygen species content in the drug intervention group was also lower than that in the control group.RT-qPCR results showed that ESC could inhibit oxidative stress in the AD model C.elegans by a 2-fold upregulation of skn1 expression.Conclusion:ESC and DEX could improve the reductions of movement ability and cognitive function in the AD model worms and delay the aggravation of AD-related symptoms.ESC delays the progression of AD pos-sibly by activating the SKN-1/Nrf2 pathway to protect against oxidative injury in the AD model.

Objective:To investigate whether escin(ESC)and dextromethorphan(DEX)have the protective effects on the progression and symptoms of Alzheimer disease(AD).Methods:The AD model of Caenorhabditis elegans(C.elegans)was established by transgenic amyloid β-protein(Aβ protein).Different concentrations of ESC or DEX or 50 μmol/L memantine(MEM)were used to treat the AD model worms,and their lifespan was detected.The movement ability of AD model C.elegans was evalua-ted by body bending frequency and head swinging frequency.The changes in cognitive functions of AD model C.elegans before and after treatment were detected by chemotaxis experiments.The changes in A βprotein and reactive oxygen species(ROS)content in C.elegans were detected.The changes in gene pathways related to oxidative stress were detected by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).Results:At high dose 1 000 μmol/L,ESC or DEX treatment showed no significant effects on the activity of C.elegans.Compared with untreated worms,the survival time of AD model C.elegans in the 20 μmol/L ESC and 60 μmol/L DEX intervention groups was significantly extended.In the middle stage of AD progression,the body bending frequency and head swinging frequency of AD model worms after ESC or DEX treatment was significantly increased compared with the untreated control group with DEX being more effective in the recovery of head swinging frequency.For the early cognitive function tests,the chemotaxis index of ESC or DEX treated worms was significantly higher than that of the untreated worms,which correlated with marked reductions in the Aβ protein levels.The reactive oxygen species content in the drug intervention group was also lower than that in the control group.RT-qPCR results showed that ESC could inhibit oxidative stress in the AD model C.elegans by a 2-fold upregulation of skn1 expression.Conclusion:ESC and DEX could improve the reductions of movement ability and cognitive function in the AD model worms and delay the aggravation of AD-related symptoms.ESC delays the progression of AD pos-sibly by activating the SKN-1/Nrf2 pathway to protect against oxidative injury in the AD model.

Objective To investigate clinical effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) combined with sensitive antibiotic alveolar wash on severe craniocerebral injury complicated with pulmonary infection.Methods One hundred and eighty-seven patients with severe craniocerebral injury who were admitted to the Blue Cross Brain Hospital for treatment from January 2017 to November 2018 were selected as research subjects.The diagnostic criteria of all the recruited patients were in accordance with the expert consensus on patients with severe infection of China Neurological Surgery.The patients were randomized into 3 groups:the HBO + diluted antibiotic alveolar wash group (or group Ⅰ) (63 cases),the diluted antibiotic alveolar wash group (or group Ⅱ) (63 cases) and venous antibiotic infusion group (or group Ⅲ) (61 cases).After 30 days of treatment with the above-mentioned treatment profiles,arterial blood gas partial pressure,changes in GCS scores,mechanical ventilation time,length of ICU stay and clinical effects both before and after treatment were closely observed and compared between the 3 groups.Results After 3 courses of treatment,the levels of arterial blood gas partial pressure and GCS scores were all obviously increased as compared with those before treatment,and statistical significance could be seen when comparisons were made between them (P ＜ 0.01).The arterial blood gas partial pressure of group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that of the 2 other groups,also with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).The mechanical ventilation time and length of ICU stay of the patients of group Ⅰ were considerably shorter than those of group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,also with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Total efficacy rate of group Ⅰ (92.1％) was obviously higher than that those of group Ⅱ (84.1％)and group Ⅲ (77.1),also with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion HBO combined with sensitive antibiotic alveolar wash in treatment of severe craniocerebral injury complicated with pulmonary infection could achieve significant effects.For this reason,it is worth further clinical extension.

Objective To investigate clinical effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) combined with sensitive antibiotic alveolar wash on severe craniocerebral injury complicated with pulmonary infection.Methods One hundred and eighty-seven patients with severe craniocerebral injury who were admitted to the Blue Cross Brain Hospital for treatment from January 2017 to November 2018 were selected as research subjects.The diagnostic criteria of all the recruited patients were in accordance with the expert consensus on patients with severe infection of China Neurological Surgery.The patients were randomized into 3 groups:the HBO + diluted antibiotic alveolar wash group (or group Ⅰ) (63 cases),the diluted antibiotic alveolar wash group (or group Ⅱ) (63 cases) and venous antibiotic infusion group (or group Ⅲ) (61 cases).After 30 days of treatment with the above-mentioned treatment profiles,arterial blood gas partial pressure,changes in GCS scores,mechanical ventilation time,length of ICU stay and clinical effects both before and after treatment were closely observed and compared between the 3 groups.Results After 3 courses of treatment,the levels of arterial blood gas partial pressure and GCS scores were all obviously increased as compared with those before treatment,and statistical significance could be seen when comparisons were made between them (P ＜ 0.01).The arterial blood gas partial pressure of group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that of the 2 other groups,also with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).The mechanical ventilation time and length of ICU stay of the patients of group Ⅰ were considerably shorter than those of group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,also with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Total efficacy rate of group Ⅰ (92.1％) was obviously higher than that those of group Ⅱ (84.1％)and group Ⅲ (77.1),also with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion HBO combined with sensitive antibiotic alveolar wash in treatment of severe craniocerebral injury complicated with pulmonary infection could achieve significant effects.For this reason,it is worth further clinical extension.

OBJECTIVETo study characteristics of energy metabolism in the skeletal muscle of rats with postoperative fatigue syndrome (POFS) and the interventional effect of ginsenoside Rb1.

METHODWe chose resection of 70% of the "middle" small intestine as the rat model for POFS. Ninety-six adult male SPF SD rats were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, and the ginsenoside Rb1-treated group by body weight. And then, each group was further randomly divided into four subgroups, according to different postoperative investigated time points, such as postoperative day 1, postoperative day 3, postoperative day 7 and postoperative day 10. So the animals were divided into twelve subgroups (n = 8 in each subgroup). Rats of the control group and the model group were injected intraperitoneally with saline at the dose of 10 mL x kg(-1) one hour before the operation and once a day during the postoperative days. Rats of the ginsenoside Rb1-treated group were administered 10 mg x kg(-1) ginsenoside Rb1 by the same method. The skeletal muscles were sampled on postoperative day 1, 3, 7 and 10. The contents of ATP, ADP, AMP in skeletal muscles were determined by HPLC, and the activities of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase were investigated by colorimetry.

RESULTCompared with the control group, the content of ATP in skeletal muscle of rats of the model group decreased significantly on postoperative day 3 (P < 0.05), while the content of ADP significantly increased on postoperative day 7 and 10 (P < 0.05). The activity of Na(+)-K(+)-AT-Pase decreased on postoperative day 3 and 7 (P < 0.05), and the activity of Ca(2+)-ATPase decreased on postoperative day 7. After supplement of ginsenoside Rb1, on the investigated time points, all the negative changes of the indicators discovered above were significantly adjusted (P < 0.05) in rats of the ginsenoside Rb1-treated group, while no significant differences were investigated.

CONCLUSIONDuring a certain period of postoperative time, the activity of energy metabolism is depressed in the skeletal muscle of rats with POFS, but it can be improved by supplement of ginsenoside Rb1.

Animals ; Calcium-Transporting ATPases ; physiology ; Energy Metabolism ; drug effects ; Fatigue ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; metabolism ; Postoperative Complications ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ; physiology ; Syndrome

Objective To investigate the mechanism of Secretio bufonis injection on the carcinostatic activities in mice bearing intraperitoneal H22 tumor. Methods Secretio bufonis injection (1.5 mL) was injected into the abdomind cavity of mice once 5 d for 3 times. Cyclophosphamide (0.5 mg/0.5 mL) was injected into other groups. NS (0.5 mL) was injected into control groups. Each group were 20 mice. TNF and survival time of mice were observed. Results Mean survival times of mice bearing intraperitoneal H22 tumor were (28.2?5.8)d for Secretio bufonis group,(27.9?9.7)d for Cyclophosphamide group,(20.7?4.2)d for control group. The content of TNF in mice bearing intraperitoneal H22 tumor were 2.53?0.14 for Secretio bufonis group,3.02?0.14 for Cyclophosphamide group,3.32?0.2 for control group. The survival times of mice bearing intraperitoneal H22 tumor were prolonged in the groups of Secretio bufonis (P