Objective To explore the effects of mental fatigue on attention maintenance function by electroencephalogram(EEG)signal characteristics and cortical source analysis.Methods A total of 25 healthy males were recruited as subjects and contingent negative variation(CNV)auditory paradigm was used to assess the differences in EEG characteristics before and after mental fatigue,with the average amplitude of CNV at different processing stages as the analysis indices.Then,the 3-dimensional distribution of cortical current density changes of CNV after mental fatigue were calculated by standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography analysis(sLORETA).Results The reaction time of the CNV signal remained unchanged following mental fatigue(P＞0.05),while the lapse rate exhibited a significant increase(P＜0.05).Besides,mental fatigue was related to a notable decrease in the amplitude of CNV early components(500-1 000 ms after warning stimulus)at the central and central parietal electrodes,and a significant reduction in the amplitude of CNV late components(2 550-3 050 ms after warning stimulus)at the prefrontal,frontal,central,and central parietal electrodes(all P＜0.05).The results of sLORETA source analysis showed that the brain activity in the left posterior insular cortex decreased after mental fatigue during the late component of CNV(P＜0.05).Conclusion The decreased activation of the posterior insula,which plays a crucial role in sensorimotor information integration,could potentially serve as a neural mechanism for the reduction of CNV amplitude and the impairment of attention maintenance function following mental fatigue.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of artesunate(Art)against apoptosis and mitophagy induced by NaF in osteocytes MLO-Y4,and to explore the molecular mechanism.METHODS MLO-Y4 cells were treated with NaF(2 mmol·L-1)for 48 h to establish an in vitro model of osteocytes injuries,and the cells were divided into the cell control group,NaF(2 mmol·L-1)group and NaF+Art 0.25,0.50 and 1.00 μmol·L-1 groups.The cells were pretreated for 2 h and NaF was added for 48 h.The cell survival of MLO-Y4 cells was detected by MTT assay.The cell viability of MLO-Y4 cells was measured by Calcein-AM staining.The lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)content in the supernatant was examined by the LDH detection kit.The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)was examined by DCFH-DA staining.The malondialdehyde(MDA)content and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity were detected by chemical colorimetry.Apoptosis was measured by Hoechst33342 staining and Annexin-V/PI staining.The level of mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)was measured by JC-1 staining.The formation of autophagic vacuoles and morphological mitochondrial changes were observed via Lyso-tracker staining and Mito-Tracker staining.The ATP content was detected with the luciferase method.The expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC-3)in mitochon-dria was examined by immunofluorescence staining.Protein expressions of LC-3,P62,E3 ubiquitin-ligase(Parkin)and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1)were detected by Western blotting.RESULTS Compared with the cell control group,the cell survival rate and cell viability were significantly reduced in the NaF group(P<0.01),LDH content in the supernatant,the level of intracellular ROS,the MDA content,apoptosis rate and autophagic vesicle formation were remarkably increased(P<0.01),protein levels of Parkin and PINK1,and the conversion of LC-3Ⅱ from LC-3Ⅰ were markedly upregulated along with the elevation of LC-3 in damaged mitochondria(P<0.01),while P62 levels,SOD activity,MMP and ATP contents were reduced in NaF cells(P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with NaF group,the cell viability and survival rate of MLO-Y4 cells in NaF+Art 0.25,0.50 and 1.00 μmol·L-1 groups were significantly increased(P<0.01);the content of LDH in supernatants was decreased obviously(P<0.01);the levels of intracellular ROS and MDA content were markedly reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01);the apoptosis rate and autophagic vesicle formation were remarkably decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01);protein levels of Parkin and PINK1,and the conversion of LC-3Ⅱ from LC-3Ⅰ were markedly down-regulated along with the accumulation of LC-3 in damaged mitochondria(P<0.01);MMP and ATP content were also reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01);while SOD activityand P62 levelwere significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).CONCLU-SION Art has a protective effect against oxidative damage induced by NaF in MLO-Y4 cells,which might be related to the inhibition of apoptosis and mitophagy.

Objective:To explore the method of fertility preservation in severe β-thalassemia prepubertal boys who cannot produce sperm before gonadotoxicity therapy.Methods:Three cases of severe β-thalassemia patients who were going to undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) were reported. They were received testis cryopreservation by slow-rate freezing. The necessity of fertility preservation in prepubertal boys and the methods of fertility persevation, testicular cryopreservation and the downstream techniques were stated.Results:Totally 31, 31, 20 pieces of testicular tissue were frozen by slow-rate freezing in three boys respectively and the freezing process went smoothly.Conclusion:The cryopreservation of testicular tissue can preserve the fertility of severe β-thalassemia prepuberty boys who will receive HSCT, leaving hope for offspring.

Objective:To explore the method of fertility preservation in severe β-thalassemia prepubertal boys who cannot produce sperm before gonadotoxicity therapy.Methods:Three cases of severe β-thalassemia patients who were going to undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) were reported. They were received testis cryopreservation by slow-rate freezing. The necessity of fertility preservation in prepubertal boys and the methods of fertility persevation, testicular cryopreservation and the downstream techniques were stated.Results:Totally 31, 31, 20 pieces of testicular tissue were frozen by slow-rate freezing in three boys respectively and the freezing process went smoothly.Conclusion:The cryopreservation of testicular tissue can preserve the fertility of severe β-thalassemia prepuberty boys who will receive HSCT, leaving hope for offspring.

Motor timing is an important part of sensorimotor control. Previous studies have shown that beta oscillations embody the process of temporal perception in explicit timing tasks. In contrast, studies focusing on beta oscillations in implicit timing tasks are lacking. In this study, we set up an implicit motor timing task and found a modulation pattern of beta oscillations with temporal perception during movement preparation. We trained two macaques in a repetitive visually-guided reach-to-grasp task with different holding intervals. Spikes and local field potentials were recorded from microelectrode arrays in the primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, and posterior parietal cortex. We analyzed the association between beta oscillations and temporal interval in fixed-duration experiments (500 ms as the Short Group and 1500 ms as the Long Group) and random-duration experiments (500 ms to 1500 ms). The results showed that the peak beta frequencies in both experiments ranged from 15 Hz to 25 Hz. The beta power was higher during the hold period than the movement (reach and grasp) period. Further, in the fixed-duration experiments, the mean power as well as the maximum rate of change of beta power in the first 300 ms were higher in the Short Group than in the Long Group when aligned with the Center Hit event. In contrast, in the random-duration experiments, the corresponding values showed no statistical differences among groups. The peak latency of beta power was shorter in the Short Group than in the Long Group in the fixed-duration experiments, while no consistent modulation pattern was found in the random-duration experiments. These results indicate that beta oscillations can modulate with temporal interval in their power mode. The synchronization period of beta power could reflect the cognitive set maintaining working memory of the temporal structure and attention.

Objective To Analyze the expression profiles of LncRNAs and mRNAs in ovarian epithelial cancer cell lines by gene mi-croarray, and then provide experimental evidences for investigating the function of LncRNAs associated with ovarian cancer. Methods The differentially expressed LncRNAs and mRNAs in ovarian epithelial cancer cell lines, such as A2780, HO8910 and SKOV3, and ovarian epithelial cell line HOSEpiC were analyzed by gene microarray. The differentially expressed mRNAs were further performed the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The expression levels of six candidate LncRNAs, which had significant difference between the o-varian epithelial cancer cell line and the ovarian epithelial cell line, were further verified by qRT-PCR. Results There were 227 up-regulated LncRNAs and 483 down-regulated LncRNAs in A2780, HO8910 and SKOV3 cell lines. The differentially expressed mRNAs in A2780, HO8910 and SKOV3 cell lines were mainly enriched in the tumor-related pathways such as PI3K-AKT, mTOR and TNF-α( P<0.05) . The expression levels of PTPRG-AS1, CCNT2-AS1, XLOC 009869 and LINC01138 in ovarian epithelial cancer A2780, SKOV3 and OVCR3 cell lines were up-regulated (P<0.05), while those of RP11-252P19.2 and RP11-744I24.2 in ovarian epithelial cancer A2780, SKOV3, OVCR3 and 3AO cell lines were down-regulated ( P<0.05) . Conclusion The differentially expressed LncR-NAs and mRNAs in ovarian epithelial cancer cell lines may be obtained by gene microarray, and the differentially expressed mRNAs are associated with the tumor-related pathways such as PI3K-AKT, mTOR and TNF-α, which may provide new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of different time administration of propofol on cytochrome c (Cyt c) in the cytoplasm in rat hippocampal neurons with hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury.MethodsPrimary cultured hippocampal neurons were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n =5 each):control group (group C),model of H/R injury group (group M),and different time administration of propofol groups (group Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ ).In groups M,Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,the neurons were exposed to 95％ N2 + 5％ CO2 for6 h followed by 12 h reoxygenation.In groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ,Ⅲ,propofol was added to the culture medium before hypoxia,immediately after reoxygenation and at 2 h of reoxygenation (T0-2) respectively,with the final concentration of 20 μmol/L.The cell apoptosis was observed at T1,2 and at 24 h of reoxygenation ( T3 ) and the concentration of Cyt c in the cytoplasm was detected at T1-3.ResultsCompared with group C,the concentration of Cyt c in the cytoplasm was significantly increased at T1-3 in group M and at T1,2 in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group M,the concentration of Cyt c in the cytoplasm was significantly decreased at T1-3 in group I and at T1,2 in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ ( P ＜0.05).The concentration of Cyt c in the cytoplasm was significantly higher at T1,2 in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group Ⅰ,and at T2 in group Ⅲ than in group Ⅱ ( P ＜ 0.05).The neuronal apoptosis was significantly decreased in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ as compared with group M.ConclusionDifferent time administration of propofol can reduce the mitochondrial Cyt c release to the cytoplasm,inhibit apoptosis in hippocampal neurons,and reduce H/R injury in rats,with better effect when given before hypoxia.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of endovascular treatment for closed limb artery trauma. MethodsFrom March 2006 to December 2011,the clinical data of 12 cases treated for closed limb artery trauma were analyzed retrospectively.Catheters sheath were placed by antegrade or retrograde puncture.Catheters was send to the proximal end of the lesion.Intraoperatively through angiography the location and extent of arterial lesions were determined.Catheter with the help of guidewire were sent through the lesion to establish treatment “ pathway,at the lesion site suitable stents were placed to repair damaged arteries. ResultsThe procedure was all successful in 12 patients,there was no mortality nor sever compalications.Postoperatively 2 cases suffered from acute renal failure,and were managed and cured by continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CWH).Osteofascial compartment incision decompression was carried out in 3 cases due to osteofascial compartment syndrome.One case of them suffered from amputation due to sever muscle necrosis and lost of limb function.Eleven patients were followed-up for 1year.All the arteries were patent.There were no stent break,deformation or stenosis.ConclusionsEndovascular techniques for the treatment of closed limb arterial trauma is safe and effective.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of ischemia postconditioning intervention in a rabbit's acute mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion injury model.Methods 120 rabbits were divided randomly into Con( only expose SMA by operation),I/R( clamping SMA 30 min,reperfusing 120 min),IpostC1 ( clamping SMA 30 min,3 clamping 30 s/releasing 30 s round,reperfusing 117 min),and IpostC2 (clamping SMA 30 min,3 clamping 60 s/releasing 60 s round,reperfusing 114 min) group (n =30).Levels of MDA and MPO in serum and intestinal tissues were measured. Chiu-6 standard scoring was used to determine the pathology score of injured intestinal mucosae.ResultsCompared with the Con group,MDA and MPO levels in serum and intestinal tissues increased obviously in the three other groups,the same as in the pathology score of injured intestinal mucosae (P ＜ 0.01 ) ; Compared with the I/R group,the MDA and MPO levels in serum and intestinal tissues decreased obviously in the IpostC1 group ( P ＜ 0.01 ),but not in the IpostC2 group ( P ＞ 0.05 ).ConclusionsMDA and MPO levels in serum and intestinal tissues and intestinal mucosal injury decreased obviously in the rabbit's acute mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion injury model by ischemia postconditioning intervention.