ObjectiveTo investigate the improvement effect of Qibai Pingfei capsules on pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats at different stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） and to analyze its possible mechanism of action. MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a normal group， an early COPD model group， an advanced COPD model group， an early-intervention high-dose group， a late-intervention high-dose group， an early-intervention low-dose group， a late-intervention low-dose group， an early-intervention pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate （PDTC） group， and a late-intervention PDTC group， with 15 rats in each group. A rat model of early COPD was constructed by using cigarette smoke combined with airway infusion using lipopolysaccharide（LPS）， and a rat model of advanced COPD was constructed by using airway infusion with LPS， cigarette smoke， and hypoxia. All groups except the normal group were given LPS airway drops on days 1 and 14 of the experiment， smoked for 1 h per day， and administered the drug once a day for 40 weeks from day 15 onward. In the high- and low-dose groups， rats were given 1 g·kg^-1 and 250 mg·kg^-1 Qibai Pingfei capsules， respectively by gavage， and in PDTC groups， rats were given 100 mg·kg^-1 of PDTC by intraperitoneal injection. The advanced COPD model group underwent 6 h of hypoxia per day in weeks 5-6. Lung function and mean pulmonary artery pressure were tested in rats. Morphologic changes in lung tissues were detected by hematoxylin-eosin（HE）staining. Collagen deposition in lung tissues was examined by Masson staining， and the levels of inflammatory factors including interleukin-1β（IL-1β）， interleukin-6（IL-6）， and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）in lung tissues were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The number of inflammatory cells in the alveolar lavage fluid of rats in each group was detected by Giemsa staining， and the protein expression of Toll-like receptor 4（TLR4）， myeloid differentiation factor 88（MyD88）， nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB）， TNF-α， vascular endothelial-cadherin（VE-cadherin）， α-smooth muscle actin（α-SMA）， and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1（CD31） was detected by Western blot in the lung tissues of rats. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group showed significantly decreased forced expiratory volume in 0.3 s （FEV_0.3）， forced vital capacity （FVC）， and FEV_0.3/FVC ratio related to lung function （P<0.05）， thickening of pulmonary vasculature， increased collagen deposition in the lungs， and enhanced mean pulmonary arterial pressure and expression levels of IL-6， IL-1β， and TNF-α （P<0.05）. Additionally， the model group also exhibited increased numbers of macrophages， lymphocytes， and neutrophils （P<0.05）， significantly higher protein expression of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB， TNF-α， and α-SMA （P<0.05）， and significantly lower protein expression of VE-cadherin and CD31 （P<0.05）. Lung function was significantly improved in the Qibai Pingfei capsules groups compared with the model group （P<0.05）， with mean pulmonary arterial pressure reduced and pulmonary vascular thickening and collagen deposition in the lungs ameliorated. The Qibai Pingfei capsules groups also showed reduced expression levels of IL-6， IL-1β， and TNF-α （P<0.05） and decreased numbers of macrophages， lymphocytes， and neutrophils （P<0.05）， as well as reduced protein expression of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB， TNF-α， and α-SMA （P<0.05） and elevated protein expression of VE-cadherin and CD31 （P<0.05） in rat lung tissues. ConclusionQibai Pingfei capsules inhibits inflammatory response and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition probably by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway， thus improving pulmonary vascular remodeling in COPD model rats and showing therapeutic effects in the early stage of COPD.

Objective: To explore the relationship between beverage dependence and sleep quality among college students, providing empirical evidence for improving their sleep quality. Methods: From December 2024 to January 2025, a convenience sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among 3 974 college students from four universities in Anhui Province. The Beverage Addiction Scale for College Students (BASCS) was used to assess beverage dependence, and the Self rating Scale of Sleep(SRSS) was used to evaluate sleep quality. A multivariate Logistic regression model was employed to analyze the relationship between beverage dependence and sleep quality, and a restricted cubic spline model was used to examine the dose response relationship between the two. Results: The positive rate of beverage dependence symptoms among college students was 7.6%, with positive rates of 9.6%, 13.8%, and 7.4% for the withdrawal symptoms, health effects, and dependence symptoms dimensions, respectively. The detection rate of sleep disorders was 23.6%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for covariates such as grade, gender, and body mass index, compared with the no beverage dependence group, students with positive beverage dependence symptoms had a higher risk of sleep disorders( OR =3.71, 95% CI =2.87-4.80, P <0.01). The OR (95% CI ) for sleep disorders among students with positive symptoms in the withdrawal symptoms, health effects, and dependence symptoms dimensions were 2.80(2.22-3.53), 2.38(1.95-2.91), and 2.45(1.89-3.18)(all P <0.01). Further analysis using a restricted cubic spline model revealed that the overall beverage dependence score and its three dimensional scores were approximately linearly related to the risk of sleep disorders among college students (all nonlinear P >0.05). Conclusions Beverage dependence is associated with sleep quality among college students. Schools should take multiple approaches, such as health education on beverage awareness, to improve students sleep quality.

Mental state is an important part of the normal life activities of the human body, and it is also the most external expression and the most easily obtained information of the physical condition. The normal activities of the mind depend on the normal operation of the viscera, qi, and blood, and are a unified whole that prospers together and suffers together. The theory of the five-spirit-viscera in the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic revealed that the normal mental activities of the human body were dominated by the five internal organs, that is, the five internal organs were the body and the five spirits were the function. And it highlighted the viewpoint that the five internal organs store the spirits and are actually one. The heart governs the spirit and belongs to the four internal organs. On this basis, Synopsis of Golden Chamber used the internal organs to diagnose and treat mental diseases, integrating the theory of the five spirits into it, forming a unique method of diagnosis and treatment with the heart as the leading factor and regulating the qi and blood of the four internal organs. It identified the pathogenesis of diseases such as pathogenic crying, lily disease, and hysteria from five levels: heart deficiency and weak qi, heart-lung disharmony, heart-liver disharmony, the heart of the loss of the spleen nourishment, and disharmony between heart and kidney. The treatment was mainly to replenish the deficiency of the viscera and eliminate the pathogens, reflecting the characteristics of regulating the mind and calming the four internal organs. This unique view on diagnosis and treatment has profoundly influenced the diagnosis and treatment theories of mental illnesses by later doctors, and is of great significance to the current clinical treatment of such illnesses.

The assessment of adverse drug events is an important basis for clinical safety evaluation and post-marketing risk control of drugs,and its causality assessment is gaining increasing attention.The existing methods for assessing the causal relationship between drugs and the occurrence of adverse reactions can be broadly classified into three categories:global introspective methods,standardized methods,and probabilistic methods.At present,there is no systematic introduction of the operational details of the various methods in the domestic literature.This paper compares representative causality assessment methods in terms of definition and concept,methodological steps,industry evaluation and advantages and disadvantages,clarifies the basic process of determining the causality of adverse drug reactions,and discusses how to further improve the adverse drug reaction monitoring and evaluation system,with a view to providing a reference for drug development and pharmacovigilance work in China.

Objective To investigate the effects of sufentanil on myocardial cells and renal function in rat models of non-stopping coronary artery bypass grafting.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into sham group(only thoracectomy without coronary artery ligation),model group(ischemia perfusion model was constructed),experimental-L group(ischemia perfusion model+0.5 μg·kg-1 sufentanil)and experimental-H group(ischemia perfusion model+1μg·kg-1 sufentanil).The mice were sacrificed 6 h after operation.The expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1 β(IL-1 β)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in cardiomyocytes and renal cells were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins in cardiomyocytes and renal cells were detected by Western blot.Serum renal function was detected with serum renal function kit.Results The expression levels of TNF-α in myocardial cells were(50.41±6.03),(136.61±21.73),(102.36±12.84)and(74.21±16.32)pg·mg-1 in sham group,model group,experimental-L group and experimental-H group,respectively;the expression levels of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3(Caspase-3)were 0.31±0.02,1.26±0.18,0.83±0.12 and 0.67±0.08,respectively;blood urea nitrogen(BUN)levels were(5.94±1.12),(20.04±5.36),(16.84±4.19)and(10.96±3.64)μmol·L-1,respectively;the expression levels of TNF-α in renal cells were(146.49±16.13),(1 023.82±34.69),(841.65±49.66)and(324.84±48.93)pg·mg-1,respectively;the expression levels of Caspase-3 in renal cells were 0.48±0.06,1.15±0.17,0.96±0.06 and 0.74±0.07,respectively.The difference between experimental-H group and sham group,model group and experimental-L group were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Sufentanil can significantly reduce the production of inflammatory factors and the expression of apoptotic proteins in rat cardiomyocytes,significantly improve the renal function of rats,and significantly reduce the production of inflammatory factors and the expression of apoptotic proteins in rat renal cells.

Objective This study aims to investigate the impact of cultivation time on dendritic cells(DCs)and their derived exosomes′ expression of immune-related membrane proteins(CD80,MHC-Ⅰ,MHC-Ⅱ)and provides experimental evidence for future research.Methods Mouse bone marrow cells were induced to differentiate into DCs using GM-CSF and IL-4,followed by maturation stimulation withTNF-α.Exosomes were extracted using ultracentrifugation.Western blot and Amnis image flow cytometry were used to identify exosomes derived from mouse DCs.Amnis image flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of immune-related proteins CD80,CD11c,MHC-Ⅰ,and MHC-Ⅱ in mouse DCs and their exosomes.Results After 5 days of in vitro cultivation,more than 50%of dendritic cells expressed CD80,CD11c,MHC-Ⅰ,and MHC-Ⅱ,reaching the highest level on day 13.The positivity rates were as follows:CD80(97.29±0.63)%,CD11c(92.31±1.18)%,MHC-Ⅰ(97.91±0.49)%,and MHC-Ⅱ(97.91±0.49)%.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.001).The expression gradually decreased after day 13,but approximately 80%of DC cells still expressed MHC-Ⅰ and MHC-Ⅱ immune molecules on day 30.The expression levels of CD80,CD11c,and MHC-Ⅱ on the exosome membrane were highest on day 5 and then decreased overall with prolonged cultivation time,except for MHC-Ⅰ molecules.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).Conclusions In vitro-cultured mouse dendritic cells express high levels of immune-related membrane proteins and can be stably maintained for a long time under suitable culture conditions.The secreted exosomes also carry abundant immune-related membrane proteins,but no significant correlation was found between the immune-related proteins on the dendritic cell surface and the exosome membrane surface.

Objective:To explore the relationship between school bullying and mental sub-health in middle school students and the potential moderating role of resilience in this relationship.Methods:Totally 792 students aged 10 to 14 years from two middle schools in Wuhan were selected.The Chinese version of Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire,Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents,and Adolescent Psychological Resilience Scale were used to measure school bullying,mental sub-health,and psychological resilience of students,respectively.Results:Being bullied scores were positively associated with mental sub-health scores(β=1.88).The moderating effect of psychological resilience scores between being the scores of bullied and mental sub-health was statistically significant(β=-0.07).Conclusion:The experience of bullying may be associated with mental sub-health problems of middle school students,and psychological resilience may play a moderating role in the relation-ship between being bullied and mental sub-health.

Objective: To evaluate the risk of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on excess mortality among residents. Methods: The data of residential mortality in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province from 2015 to 2021 were collected from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The average daily mass concentration of PM2.5 and meteorology data were collected from the Yangzhou Environmental Monitoring Station and Yangzhou Meteorological Bureau, respectively. The effects of PM2.5 on non-accidental mortality, morality of respiratory diseases and mortality of circulatory diseases were evaluated using a generalized additive model. The risk of excess mortality was evaluated using excess risk (ER) and the number of excess mortality. Results: The median average annual mass concentration of PM2.5 was 38.00 (interquartile range, 31.95) µg/m3 in Yangzhou City from 2015 to 2021, decreasing from 51.75 (interquartile range, 32.82) µg/m3 in 2015 to 28.00 (interquartile range, 23.42) µg/m3 in 2021. The median average annual number of non-accidental mortality, mortality of respiratory diseases and mortality of circulatory diseases were 96 (interquartile range, 22), 9 (interquartile range, 5) and 38 (interquartile range, 13) cases, respectively. The greatest effects of per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 mass concentration on non-accidental mortality, mortality of respiratory diseases, and mortality of circulatory diseases were seen at a cumulative lag of 1 day (ER=0.528%, 95%CI: 0.293%-0.763%), a cumulative lag of 2 days (ER=0.917%, 95%CI: 0.125%-1.714%) and a cumulative lag of 1 day (ER=0.595%, 95%CI: 0.232%-0.961%), respectively. The number of excess mortality caused by PM2.5 on non-accidental mortality, mortality of respiratory diseases, and mortality of circulatory diseases in Yangzhou City from 2015 to 2021 were 2 125, 412 and 977 cases, respectively; compared with 2015, the number of excess mortality in 2021 decreased by 66.95%, 75.53% and 64.42%, respectively. Conclusions An increase in the mass concentration of atmospheric PM2.5 may elevate the risk of excess mortality among residents. Compared to 2015, the number of excess deaths attributed to exposure to atmospheric PM2.5 declined in 2021.

[Objective] To analyze the changes of platelet extracellular vesicles (PEVs) content in apheresis at different storage periods, track the PEVs and transfusion efficacy of patients, and explore the mechanism of PEVs in relation to platelet storage damage and transfusion efficacy. [Methods] From November 2022 to April 2024, a total of 85 apheresis platelets samples were collected at Jiading District Blood Station. Flow cytometry was used to detect the content of PEVs on the day of collection and before transfusion. The changes in the content of PEVs stored for 1 to 5 days were observed. Patients with acute leukemia were selected as transfusion recipients, and their content of platelet count and PEVs before transfusion and within 24 hours after transfusion, and the efficacy were tracked to explore the mechanism of PEVs in relation to storage lesion and transfusion efficacy. [Results] The content of PEVs before platelet infusion (8.73±4.84) was significantly higher than that on the day of platelet collection (5.11±3.33), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The increase in the content of PEVs in storage for 2 to 5 days was 2.55±1.38, 3.49±2.63, 3.86±3.55 and 4.50±3.91, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The PEVs content in patients after blood transfusion was positively correlated with that before transfusion and that in apheresis platelet bags during transfusion (P<0.001) A total of 85 cases of apheresis platelet transfusion were conducted, with 61 effective transfusions having a CCI value of (13.43±4.70), and 24 transfusion refractoriness cases having a CCI value of (2.27±3.67), showing a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The transfusion effectiveness rates for patients receiving different storage periods of apheresis platelets of 2 to 5 days were 88.89%, 68.42%, 68.18% and 57.14% respectively, with corresponding CCI values of 11.18±6.10, 10.43±6.77, 9.53±6.75 and 9.48±8.86, and there was no significant difference between CCI groups (P>0.05). There was no significant correlation between the PEVs content before and after transfusion and the efficacy of CCI (P>0.05). There was no significant correlation between the PEVs content before apheresis platelet transfusion and the efficacy of CCI (P>0.05). [Conclusion] The content of PEVs increased with the prolongation of storage time, which could be used as a potential blood quality evaluation and monitoring index during the storage period, but it was not significantly correlated with the efficacy of CCI in transfusion.

Objective To study the effects of antibiotics and high-fat diet on energy metabolism and the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in mice, so as to provide new ideas for the possible mechanism of adipose tissue in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Methods A total of 80 10-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed with normal diet in the early stage, and the antibiotic gavage group (AG) and antibiotic high-fat group (AFG) were given mixed antibiotics by gavage. The blank group (BG) and the high-fat diet group (FG) were given normal saline intragastric solution for 2 weeks, and after the gavage operation, the FG group and the AFG group were given high-fat diet for obesity modeling, and the BG group and AG group continued to be fed with normal diet for 8 weeks (N=20). After the experiment, each group was injected with β3-adrenergic receptor agonists for 5 days, and the high-fat/ordinary diet remained unchanged. At the end of the experiment, basal metabolic rate (BMR), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and rectal temperature were measured, and feces, blood, subcutaneous white fat, epididymis and brown adipose tissue in the scapular area of mice were collected. The automatic biochemical analyzer was used to determine the blood biochemical indexes; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to measure the expression of genes related to browning of WAT and BAT adipose tissue, respectively. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to determine the expression of WAT mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA). Results From the 4th week to the end of the experiment, the weight of the AFG group was significantly higher than that of the AG group and significantly lower than that of the FG group (P<0.05). The body weight, organ coefficient, serum TC level, rectal temperature and WAT cell diameter in the AFG group were significantly higher than those in the AG group. The serum levels of FBG, TC and LDL in the AFG group were significantly lower than those in the FG group (P<0.05). The overall BMR(mlO2/h) FG group was significantly higher than that of BG group, and the AFG group was significantly higher than that of AG. BMR per unit body weight (mlO2/h/g) AFG was significantly higher than that of FG group (P<0.05). The expressions of RIP140, PPAR-γ and UCP-1 in BAT in the AFG group were significantly higher than those in the FG group, and the mt DNA copy number of WAT in the AFG group was significantly higher than that in the FG group (P<0.05). Conclusion Antibiotic intervention can up-regulate the expression of brown fat-related genes in high-fat diet mice, increase brown fat activity, increase the relative mitochondrial number of white fat, increase the level of browning of white fat, promote thermogenesis, increase the BMR per unit body weight of adult obese mice, and then improve the overall energy metabolism of the body, and slow down the weight gain induced by high-fat diet to a certain extent.