Objective: To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Yangzhou City, and its association with screen behaviors, so as to provide scientific evidence for weight management among students. Methods: In May 2025, an electronic questionnaire survey was conducted among children and adolescents in Yangzhou City. A total of 3 722 participants were selected from grades 4 to 12 in 18 primary and secondary schools (108 classes) by using stratified cluster random sampling. The Chi square test was used to compare the differences in the detection rates of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with 5 types of screen behaviors (watching TV, playing electronic games, scrolling short videos, screen based learning, electronic socializing) in different time groups each day (never, >0~<2 h, ≥2 h). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the associations of five types of screen behaviors, presence of electronic devices in the bedroom, and screen use during meals on the weight status of children and adolescents. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents was 37.3%. For all five types of screen behaviors, the differences in the distribution of overweight and obesity detection rates among children and adolescents across the three time spent categories were statistically significant ( χ 2=30.76- 70.78 , all P <0.01). After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that frequent or always using screens during meals( OR =1.63, 95％ CI =1.14~2.31), playing video games ( OR =1.28, 95% CI =1.11-1.48), browsing short videos ( OR =1.29, 95％ CI=1.09-1.54), and screen based learning ( OR =1.26, 95％ CI =1.10-1.44) were significantly associated with overweight and obesity among children and adolescents (all P <0.05). Conclusions Excessive screen use is positively correlated with the incidence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Targeted interventions on screen behaviors among children and adolescents are therefore warranted.

Aim To investigate the effects of tran-scription factor FoxO1 on acute kidney injury(AKI)induced by ischemic reperfusion injury(IRI)and to explore the underlying mechanisms.Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups:Sham,IRI,FoxO1 inducible cell-specific knockout(FoxO1 icKO),and IRI+FoxO1 icKO.Tamoxifen(25 mg·kg-1)was intraperitoneally injec-ted to specifically knock out FoxO1 in mouse macro-phages,and a unilateral renal IRI model was estab-lished.The levels of serum creatinine(Scr),blood u-rea nitrogen(BUN),Fe2+,malondialdehyde(MDA),reactive oxygen species(ROS),and reduced glutathi-one(GSH)in renal tissues were detected.Hematoxy-lin-eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the patho-logical changes in renal tissues.Quantitative polymer-ase chain reaction(qPCR)was used to detect the mR-NA levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and MCP1 in renal tissues.Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of apoptosis and ferroptosis-relat-ed proteins.Results Compared with the control group,the levels of Scr and BUN in the IRI group were significantly upregulated,the infiltration of inflammato-ry factors IL-1β,TNF-α and MCP1 increased,the pro-tein expressions of Bax/Bc12,cleaved-caspase-3/caspase-3,cytochrome C,and FTH1 in renal tissues were significantly enhanced,while the expression of GPX4 decreased.In addition,the levels of Fe2+,MDA and ROS in the renal cortex of the IRI group signifi-cantly increased,and the level of GSH markedly de-creased(P＜0.05).Compared with the IRI group,the levels of Scr and BUN in the FoxO1 icKO group were significantly reduced,the infiltration of inflammatory factors was alleviated,the expression of apoptosis-relat-ed proteins in renal tissue decreased,the expression level of ferroptosis protein GPX4 increased,and the ex-pression of FTH1 decreased.The levels of Fe2+,MDA and ROS in the renal cortex decreased,and the level of GSH significantly increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Inducing the specific knockout of FoxO1 in macro-phages can alleviate AKI induced by IRI,and its mech-anism may be related to the inhibition of ferroptosis caused by IRI by FoxO1.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacterial strains isolated from pediatric intensive care units(PICU)in China for better antimicrobial therapy.Methods Clinical isolates were collected from 17 institutions,including tertiary care children's hospitals and pediatric department of tertiary general hospitals in China from January 1,2020 to December 31,2022.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out according to a unified protocol using Kirby-Bauer method or automated systems.Results were interpreted according to the breakpoints released by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in 2020.Results A total of 10 688 isolates were collected,including gram-positive organisms(39.2％)and gram-negative organisms(60.8％).The top three organisms were S.aureus(13.6％,1 453/10 688),A.baumannii(10.0％,1 067/10 688),and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(9.9％,1 058/10 688).Multi-drug resistant organisms(MDROs)were very common in children.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales(CRE),carbapenem-resistant E.coli,carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae(CRKP),carbapenem-resistant A.baumannii(CRAB),and carbapenem-resistant P.aeruginosa(CRPA)was 41.1％,19.4％,8.8％,30.9％,67.4％,and 28.8％,respectively.Overall,more than 50％of Enterobacteriales isolates were resistant to cephalosporins,while nearly 25％of Enterobacteriales isolates were resistant to carbapenems.MDROs were highly resistant to commonly used antibiotics.More than 80％of CRE and CRAB strains were resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics.CRE and CRAB showed low resistance rates to tigecycline and polymyxin.CRPA showed lower resistance rates to piperacillin,beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations than the resistance rates to third and fourth generation cephalosporins.All of the Staphylococcus and Enterococcus isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and tigecycline.None of PRSP strains isolated from meningitis and nonmeningitis samples were resistant to rifampicin,vancomycin,or linezolid.The prevalence of β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant(BLNAR)strains was 43.3％in Haemophilus influenzae.Conclusions MDROs were prevalent in PICU.It is necessary to establish an effective multidisciplinary team(MDT)to control the antimicrobial resistance.

Aim To investigate the effects of tran-scription factor FoxO1 on acute kidney injury(AKI)induced by ischemic reperfusion injury(IRI)and to explore the underlying mechanisms.Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups:Sham,IRI,FoxO1 inducible cell-specific knockout(FoxO1 icKO),and IRI+FoxO1 icKO.Tamoxifen(25 mg·kg-1)was intraperitoneally injec-ted to specifically knock out FoxO1 in mouse macro-phages,and a unilateral renal IRI model was estab-lished.The levels of serum creatinine(Scr),blood u-rea nitrogen(BUN),Fe2+,malondialdehyde(MDA),reactive oxygen species(ROS),and reduced glutathi-one(GSH)in renal tissues were detected.Hematoxy-lin-eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the patho-logical changes in renal tissues.Quantitative polymer-ase chain reaction(qPCR)was used to detect the mR-NA levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and MCP1 in renal tissues.Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of apoptosis and ferroptosis-relat-ed proteins.Results Compared with the control group,the levels of Scr and BUN in the IRI group were significantly upregulated,the infiltration of inflammato-ry factors IL-1β,TNF-α and MCP1 increased,the pro-tein expressions of Bax/Bc12,cleaved-caspase-3/caspase-3,cytochrome C,and FTH1 in renal tissues were significantly enhanced,while the expression of GPX4 decreased.In addition,the levels of Fe2+,MDA and ROS in the renal cortex of the IRI group signifi-cantly increased,and the level of GSH markedly de-creased(P＜0.05).Compared with the IRI group,the levels of Scr and BUN in the FoxO1 icKO group were significantly reduced,the infiltration of inflammatory factors was alleviated,the expression of apoptosis-relat-ed proteins in renal tissue decreased,the expression level of ferroptosis protein GPX4 increased,and the ex-pression of FTH1 decreased.The levels of Fe2+,MDA and ROS in the renal cortex decreased,and the level of GSH significantly increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Inducing the specific knockout of FoxO1 in macro-phages can alleviate AKI induced by IRI,and its mech-anism may be related to the inhibition of ferroptosis caused by IRI by FoxO1.

Arsenic (organoarsenic) compound is one of the oldest drugs used by humans to treat various diseases. From its initial application in treating various skin diseases to the 1970s when arsenic trioxide (ATO) was proven to be able to significantly relieve acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), arsenic (organoarsenic) compounds gradually occupied an important position in the history of medical development. This article reviews the pharmaceutical research progress of inorganic arsenic compounds and organic arsine compounds, covering anticancer, antiparasitic, antiviral and antibiotic aspects. It further explores the potential for developing new arsenic (organoarsenic) drugs with higher efficacy and lower toxicity, aiming to provide new research directions and ideas for the application of arsenic (organoarsenic) compounds in disease treatment.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD)is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by prions,with certain infectivity and iatrogenic transmission risks.With the rapid progress and application of new dia-gnostic biomarkers and detection methods,as well as the construction and improvement of surveillance and reporting systems,the detection of CJD in patients domestically and internationally has shown an increasing trend year by year.Due to its long incubation period and heterogeneity of early symptoms,early identification and diagnosis of the disease is difficult,increasing the risk of transmission within medical institutions.Currently,there is a lack of con-sensus on the infection prevention and control of CJD.In order to timely identify and diagnose CJD as well as effec-tively block its transmission in medical institutions,this consensus summarizes 15 clinical concerns and formulates 24 specific recommendations based on the latest domestic and international research findings and clinical evidence,as well as combines with clinical practice,aiming to standardize healthcare-associated infection prevention and control measures for CJD and reduce its transmission risk in medical institutions.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Ruanjian Sanjie Pills in the treatment of patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis in compensatory stage differentiated as blood stasis blocking collaterals syndrome.Methods A total of 80 cases of patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis in compensatory stage admitted to Bao'an Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from January 2023 to April 2024 were randomly divided into the trial group and the control group,40 cases in each group.The control group was treated with oral administration of Entecavir for hepatitis B virus(HBV),and the trial group was treated with Ruanjian Sanjie Pills on the basis of treatment for the control group,the course of treatment covering one year.Before and after treatment,the two groups were observed in the changes of routine blood test indicators of white blood cell count(WBC)and platelet count(PLT),liver function indicators[albumin(ALB),total bilirubin(TBIL),alanine transaminase(ALT)and aspartate transaminase(AST)],prothrombin time(PT),liver stiffness measurement(LSM),and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores.After treatment,the clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated.Results(1)There were three cases in the control group and four cases in the trial group fell off,and eventually 37 cases in the control group and 36 cases in the trial group were enrolled in the efficacy statistics.(2)After one year of treatment,the total effective rate of the trial group was 91.67%(33/36)and that of the control group was 67.57%(25/37),and the intergroup comparison(tested by chi-square test)showed that the therapeutic efficacy of the trial group was significantly superior to that of the control group(P<0.05).(3)After treatment,the routine blood test indicators of WBC and PLT in the trial group were increased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),while the WBC and PLT in the control group did not change significantly(P>0.05).The post-treatment WBC and PLT in the trial group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).(4)After treatment,the ALB of patients in the two groups was increased compared with that before treatment(P<0.05),and the PT value of patients in the two groups and the ALT of the trial group were decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),but TBIL and AST of the two groups and ALT of the control group did not differ from those before treatment(P>0.05).The comparison between the two groups showed that the decrease of PT value in the trial group was significantly superior to that of the control group(P>0.05),but no statistically significant differences of ALT,AST,TBIL and ALB were shown between the two groups(P>0.05).(5)After treatment,the LSM of patients in the two groups was decreased compared with that before treatment(P<0.05),and the decrease in the trial group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P<0.05).(6)After treatment,the TCM syndrome scores of the two groups of patients were decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the decrease in the trial group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P<0.05).(7)There were no significant adverse reactions or adverse events occurring in the two groups during the treatment.Conclusion Ruanjian Sanjie Pills can improve the clinical symptoms of patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis in the compensatory stage,improve the coagulation function,reduce the hardness of the liver,and slow down the process of cirrhosis,with satisfactory efficacy and good safety.

Arsenic (organoarsenic) compound is one of the oldest drugs used by humans to treat various diseases. From its initial application in treating various skin diseases to the 1970s when arsenic trioxide (ATO) was proven to be able to significantly relieve acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), arsenic (organoarsenic) compounds gradually occupied an important position in the history of medical development. This article reviews the pharmaceutical research progress of inorganic arsenic compounds and organic arsine compounds, covering anticancer, antiparasitic, antiviral and antibiotic aspects. It further explores the potential for developing new arsenic (organoarsenic) drugs with higher efficacy and lower toxicity, aiming to provide new research directions and ideas for the application of arsenic (organoarsenic) compounds in disease treatment.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD)is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by prions,with certain infectivity and iatrogenic transmission risks.With the rapid progress and application of new dia-gnostic biomarkers and detection methods,as well as the construction and improvement of surveillance and reporting systems,the detection of CJD in patients domestically and internationally has shown an increasing trend year by year.Due to its long incubation period and heterogeneity of early symptoms,early identification and diagnosis of the disease is difficult,increasing the risk of transmission within medical institutions.Currently,there is a lack of con-sensus on the infection prevention and control of CJD.In order to timely identify and diagnose CJD as well as effec-tively block its transmission in medical institutions,this consensus summarizes 15 clinical concerns and formulates 24 specific recommendations based on the latest domestic and international research findings and clinical evidence,as well as combines with clinical practice,aiming to standardize healthcare-associated infection prevention and control measures for CJD and reduce its transmission risk in medical institutions.

Objective To analyze the differences of brain activity between first-episode untreated depressive patients with and without suicidal ideation(SI),and its correlations with clinical characteristics.Methods A total of 40 major depressive disorder(MDD)patients with SI(MDD+SI group),40 patients without SI MDD(MDD+NSI group),and 40 healthy controls(HC)(HC group)were enrolled.The 17-item Hamilton depression scale(HAMD-17)and Beck scale for suicide ideation(BSI)were used to assess the severity of depression and SI,respectively.MRI data were collected.The values of fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation(fALFF)were calculated.Results(1)Compared with the HC group,the MDD+NSI group showed decreases in the fALFF val-ues of the default network and attention network.The fALFF values of the attention network in the MDD+SI group showed decreases.Compared with the MDD+NSI group,the MDD+SI group showed decreases in the fALFF values of the attention network.(2)The fALFF values in the left middle frontal gyrus were negatively correlated with the total score of HAMD-17(r=-0.55;P<0.001)in the MDD+NSI group,while the fALFF values in the left middle frontal gyrus were negatively correlated with the total score of HAMD-17(r=-0.53;P<0.001)and the total score of BSI(r=-0.51;P<0.001)in the MDD+SI group.(3)The optimal critical value of fALFF value in left middle frontal gyrus for predicting SI occurrence in MDD patients was-0.039,area under the curve(AUC)was 0.76,sensitivity was 0.63,and specificity was 0.80.Conclusion The decreased local activity intensity in the left middle frontal gyrus of the brain might be the central mechanism for the occurrence of SI in MDD patients.In addition,the left middle frontal gyrus might have certain value in identifying SI and predicting the severity of SI.