Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and changing trend of typhus in Shaanxi Province from 2005 to 2023 to provide a scientific basis for its prevention and control. Methods Excel 2007, SPSS 25.0, Joinpoint 4.9.1.0, and Geoda 1.6 were used for data collection and statistical analysis. Super Map was used for data visualization to describe the changing characteristics of the disease. Results A total of 394 typhus cases were reported in Shaanxi Province from 2005 to 2023. The average annual incidence of typhus was 0.054/100 000, showing a dynamic fluctuation trend(AAPC=-3.3, t=-0.3, P>0.05). The cases were mainly concentrated in Baoji, Hanzhong and Xi′an, accounting for 78.68%. The incidence peak was from May to October, accounting for 64.21% of annual incidence. The epidemic season was from May to October and December. The incidence of the disease was concentrated in the 40-69 age group, accounting for 58.88%, and the sex was 1.07:1. The main occupation was farmers, accounting for 72.08%. The median time from onset to diagnosis was 7 days. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there were significant spatial autocorrelations in 11 years from 2005 to 2023(P<0.05). Local spatial autocorrelation analysis detected a total of 43“high-high”clustering areas, mainly concentrated in Baoji City. Conclusions The overall incidence of typhus in Shaanxi Province showed a dynamic fluctuation trend, with notable seasonal and regional aggregation. The incidence of typhus was higher in middle-aged and elderly people in rural areas. Surveillance should be strengthened in typhus endemic areas in summer and autumn, and health education should be conducted for key population to form good health habits and reduce the incidence of typhus.

Objective To assess the mid-term clinical prognosis and radiological outcomes of a novel expandable PEEK(polyetheretherketone)vertebral replacement device used for anterior and middle column recon-struction in the thoracolumbar spine of osteoporotic patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 52 patients with single-segment osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures who underwent vertebral body replacement surgery between January 2020 and December 2023.The surgical procedures included either a thoracoscopic or minimally invasive anterior approach,combined with posterior short-segment cement-augmented screw fixation.According to the type of replacement material used,patients were categorized into two groups:the novel PEEK group and the titanium Mesh cage group.Data on surgical time,intraoperative blood loss,and postoperative complications were collected.The Visual Analogue Score(VAS),Oswestry Disability Index(ODI),local kyphotic angle(LKA),fusion segment height(D-line),anterior vertebral body height(AVBH),and posterior vertebral body height(PVBH)were assessed at three stages:preoperatively,immediately postoperatively,and during the final follow-up.Results All patients were successfully discharged.In the PEEK group,the average operative time was(235.28±58.69)minutes,and intraoperative blood loss was(680.00±163.30)mL.The mean follow-up duration was(14.12±2.44)months.The VAS score decreased significantly from(7.44±0.87)preoperatively to(2.24±0.93)at the final follow-up,and the ODI score also decreased significantly from(42.64±4.86)preoperatively to(11.84±3.73)at the final follow-up,indicating substantial improvement in symptoms and function(P<0.05).At the final follow-up,LKA,D-line,and AVBH exhibited partial loss compared to immediate postoperative values(P>0.05),but they remained significantly improved compared to preoperative values(P<0.05).The postoperative complication rate was 12.00%(3/25),and the fusion rate at the final follow-up was 100.00%.Similarly,the Mesh group effectively improved patient symptoms,function,and vertebral height(P<0.05).However,at the final follow-up,the PEEK group demonstrated significantly better LKA,D-line,and AVBH values compared to the Mesh group(P<0.05).Conclusion The short-segment cement-augmented internal fixation in combination with the novel expandable PEEK replacement device represents a viable solution for anterior column reconstruction in osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures,as evidenced by its mid-term outcomes of effective pain relief,significant functional improvement,sustained maintenance of vertebral height,and successful deformity correction.

Objective:To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1B( PPP1R1B) gene and schizophrenia in the Han population of northern Henan province. Methods:Utilizing Psychiatric Genomics Consortium 3 (PGC3) data, the SNPs of PPP1R1B gene which were significantly associated with schizophrenia were screened.Subsequently, totally 1 721 schizophrenia patients and 6 726 healthy controls from the Han population in northern Henan province were recruited for further analysis. The SNP rs907094, located within the PPP1R1B gene was validated, and the clinical symptoms of 386 schizophrenia patients were evaluated using the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). Additionally, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) association analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between the rs907094 polymorphism and PPP1R1B gene expression.The PLINK v1.9, Genetic Power Calculater, SPSS 20.0 softwares were used for data analysis. Results:Significant differences in genotype AA, AG, GG(schizophrenia group: AA, 489(28.4%); AG, 848(49.3%); GG, 384(22.3%); control group: AA, 1 450(21.6%); AG, 3 386(50.3%); GG, 1 890(28.1%), χ2=45.418, P<0.05) and allele frequency(schizophrenia group: A, 1 826(53.1%); G, 1 616(46.9%); control group: A, 6 286(46.7%); G, 7 166(53.3%), χ2=43.877, P<0.05) were observed for SNP rs907094 between the schizophrenia group and control group. Individuals carrying allele A were identified to have a higher risk of developing schizophrenia compared to those carrying allele G ( OR=1.288, 95% CI=1.195-1.388). Furthermore, the genotype PPP1R1B gene was found to be associated with the clinical features of schizophrenia. A statistically significant difference was observed in the excitement/hostility factor between AA and GG patients with rs907094 (13.62±5.65, 15.54±4.66)( P<0.05). Additionally, significant differences were noted in the cognitive factor scores between AA and GA genotypes (17.76±5.58, 19.43±5.73)( P<0.05). Conclusions:In the Han population from northern Henan province, the rs907094 polymorphism of the PPP1R1B gene is associated with schizophrenia.And the specific locus may be implicated in arousal/hostility symptoms and cognitive dysfunction.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the influencing factors of retinal re-detachment after the first silicone oil removal.Methods:Chinese databases (CNKI, CBM, VIP, Wanfang) and English databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of science) were searched to retrieve the factors affecting the retinal re-detachment after the first pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with silicone oil removal from the inception of the databases to August 20, 2023.The quality of literature was evaluated according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).The influencing factors related to the retinal re-detachment after the first silicone oil removal were extracted from the literature, and the influencing factors mentioned in <3 literatures were excluded.RevMan5.3 software was used for quantitative and comprehensive analysis.Results:A total of 14 articles were included, including 3 393 eyes, with 498 eyes in the recurrent group, and 2 895 eyes in the non-recurrent group.The results of meta-analysis showed that high myopia (odds ratio [ OR]=1.40, 95% confidence interval [ CI]: 1.08-1.81), giant retinal hole( OR=2.36, 95% CI: 1.63-3.41), vitreous residue ( OR=130.02, 95% CI: 66.03-256.02), intraocular lens status before PPV ( OR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.26-2.75) were the risk factors for retinal re-detachment after silicone oil removal.Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment ( OR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.50-0.92), PPV combined with external scleral compression ( OR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.45-0.88) and fundus laser photocoagulation 2-4 weeks before silicone oil removal ( OR=0.25, 95% CI: 0.13-0.49) were protective factors for retinal detachment after silicone oil removal.The results of sensitivity analysis showed that there was no significant change in the analysis results after changing the analysis model.There was no publication bias among the included studies. Conclusions:High myopia, giant retinal detachment, vitreous residue and intraocular lens status before PPV increased the risk of retinal re-detachment after the first silicone oil removal, Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, PPV combined with external scleral pressure and fundus laser photocoagulation 2-4 weeks before silicone oil removal may be protective factors.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of hip-knee-ankle active and passive exercise therapy in patients with early-to mid-stage knee osteoarthritis(KOA).Methods A total of 180 patients with early to mid-stage knee osteoarthritis(KOA)were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Tradi-tional Chinese Medicine between March 2023 and March 2024.Patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups:active movement group,passive movement group,combined movement group,and control group,with 45 patients in each group.The active movement group received hip-knee-ankle active movement therapy daily until the end of follow-up.The passive movement group underwent hip-knee-ankle passive movement therapy three times per week for two weeks.The combined movement group received both active and passive therapies.The control group was administered oral celecoxib capsules(200 mg once daily for two weeks).Joint function was assessed in all four groups before treatment,at two weeks post-treatment,and at 14 weeks post-treatment.The primary outcome measure was the WOMAC joint function score,while secondary outcomes included the WOMAC pain score,stiffness score,and quality of life score(SF-12).Results A total of 160 patients completed the trial,with 39 in the active group,42 in the passive group,40 in the combined group,and 39 in the control group.There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics among the groups(P>0.05).Compared to baseline,the WOMAC scores for function,pain,and stiffness in the passive,combined,and control groups decreased significantly at both 2 and 14 weeks post-treatment(P<0.05),while the SF-12 scores increased significantly(P<0.05).Between 2 and 14 weeks post-treat-ment,the active and combined groups showed further significant decreases in WOMAC function,pain,and stiffness scores(P<0.05)and increases in SF-12 scores(P<0.05).At 2 weeks post-treatment,compared to the control group,the passive and combined groups exhibited significantly lower WOMAC function scores(P<0.05),with no significant difference between the passive and combined groups(P>0.05).By 14 weeks post-treatment,the active and combined groups demonstrated significantly lower WOMAC function scores(P<0.05),with the combined group showing a significantly lower score than the active group(P<0.05).Conclusion The four therapeutic approaches demonstrate a certain degree of efficacy in improving joint function for patients with early and mid-stage KOA.The passive therapy group exhibits superior short-term outcomes,while the active therapy group shows better long-term benefits.The combined therapy group presents notable advantages in both short-term and long-term effi-cacy,although its short-term effectiveness does not surpass that of the passive therapy group.It is recommended for patients with early and mid-stage KOA who have underlying gastrointestinal and cardiovascular conditions.

Objective:To analyze the association between inflammation-related dietary patterns and the risk for cognitive impairment in older adults aged ≥65 years in longevity areas in China by using reduced rank regression (RRR) analysis.Methods:This study used cross-sectional data from the 2021 Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study, including the information about study participants' demographic characteristics, lifestyles, daily life activities, and disease histories. Dietary intake was obtained by using a simplified food frequency questionnaire. Cognitive impairment was evaluated based on the Mini-Mental State Examination Scale combined with years of education. Fasting venous blood samples were collected to detect inflammatory markers, especially high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). RRR analysis was used to obtain inflammation-related dietary patterns using hs-CRP and PLR as response variables. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between dietary pattern score and the risk for cognitive impairment. Restricted cubic spline was used to explore the dose response relationship, and mediation analysis was used to quantify the mediating effects of hs-CRP and PLR.Results:Two dietary patterns were identified with RRR. The primary pattern was characterized by higher intakes of flour, red meat, and dairy products, and lower intake of fresh vegetables, explaining 6.84% of the variance in food intake and 0.50% of the variance in inflammatory markers. Compared with the T1 group, the T3 group had significantly higher risk for cognitive impairment ( OR=1.242, 95% CI: 1.034-1.491). Each one standard deviation increase in the dietary pattern score was associated with an 8.7% increase in the risk for cognitive impairment ( OR=1.087, 95% CI: 1.008-1.172), with a significant linear trend (overall-model P<0.001, non-linear P=0.295). Mediation analysis indicated that hs-CRP mediated 6.2% of the association between the dietary pattern and the risk for cognitive impairment. Conclusion:The inflammation- related dietary pattern characterized by higher consumption of flour, red meat, and dairy products and lower consumption of fresh vegetables is associated with an increased risk for cognitive impairment in older adults, and hs-CRP partially mediates this association.

Kv1.3,a voltage-gated potassium channel,is highly expressed in T lymphocytes,the nervous system,and vascular smooth muscle cells.It plays a critical role in membrane excitability and electrical signal transduction,serving as an important target for studying T-cell function and providing a promising direction for developing therapeutics against autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.Therefore,the de-velopment of specific inhibitors of Kv1.3 channel has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy for these disorders.In this study,we isolated and purified a novel Kv1.3-inhibitory peptide toxin,LmKTx13,from the venom of the scorpion Lychas mucronatus using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chroma-tography(RP-HPLC).LmKTx13 consists of 38 amino acid residues,including six cysteines that form three disulfide bonds.Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that LmKTx13 potently inhibited Kv1.3 with an IC50 of 7.92±3.0 nmol/L.Selectivity analysis showed that 2 μmol/L LmKTx13 also in-hibited Kv1.2 and Kv1.7,but exhibited no significant effects on other potassium channel subtypes or voltage-gated sodium channels.Further investigation into the mechanism demonstrated that LmKTx13 acts as a pore-blocking inhibitor of Kv1.3.By analyzing the effects of LmKTx13 on Kv1.3 channel gating ki-netics and performing sequence alignment of the pore regions of Kv1.3 and Kv1.5,we constructed site-directed mutants and identified the pore region of Kv1.3 as the critical binding site for LmKTx13.Key residues involved in the interaction included T425,G427,and H451.In summary,we discovered a no-vel pore-blocking Kv1.3 inhibitor,LmKTx13,from L.mucronatus venom,which exhibits high affinity and selectivity for Kv1.3.These findings highlight its potential as a potential lead molecule for developing Kv1.3-targeted therapeutics.

This article presents a comprehensive review of new methods for target identification of complex components in tradi-tional Chinese medicine(TCM)and research progress in their applications.It systematically summarizes classical approaches and cutting-edge technical systems for target identification,cov-ering multiple strategies such as proteomic analysis,fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)technology,network pharma-cology prediction models,high-throughput biochip screening,tar-get capture strategies based on molecular affinity fishing,gene site-directed mutagenesis verification,and co-crystallization structure analysis of target proteins.The review emphasizes the critical role of target identification in elucidating the action mechanisms of TCM and facilitating new drug development,lay-ing a foundation for promoting the modernization of TCM.

Objective To assess the mid-term clinical prognosis and radiological outcomes of a novel expandable PEEK(polyetheretherketone)vertebral replacement device used for anterior and middle column recon-struction in the thoracolumbar spine of osteoporotic patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 52 patients with single-segment osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures who underwent vertebral body replacement surgery between January 2020 and December 2023.The surgical procedures included either a thoracoscopic or minimally invasive anterior approach,combined with posterior short-segment cement-augmented screw fixation.According to the type of replacement material used,patients were categorized into two groups:the novel PEEK group and the titanium Mesh cage group.Data on surgical time,intraoperative blood loss,and postoperative complications were collected.The Visual Analogue Score(VAS),Oswestry Disability Index(ODI),local kyphotic angle(LKA),fusion segment height(D-line),anterior vertebral body height(AVBH),and posterior vertebral body height(PVBH)were assessed at three stages:preoperatively,immediately postoperatively,and during the final follow-up.Results All patients were successfully discharged.In the PEEK group,the average operative time was(235.28±58.69)minutes,and intraoperative blood loss was(680.00±163.30)mL.The mean follow-up duration was(14.12±2.44)months.The VAS score decreased significantly from(7.44±0.87)preoperatively to(2.24±0.93)at the final follow-up,and the ODI score also decreased significantly from(42.64±4.86)preoperatively to(11.84±3.73)at the final follow-up,indicating substantial improvement in symptoms and function(P<0.05).At the final follow-up,LKA,D-line,and AVBH exhibited partial loss compared to immediate postoperative values(P>0.05),but they remained significantly improved compared to preoperative values(P<0.05).The postoperative complication rate was 12.00%(3/25),and the fusion rate at the final follow-up was 100.00%.Similarly,the Mesh group effectively improved patient symptoms,function,and vertebral height(P<0.05).However,at the final follow-up,the PEEK group demonstrated significantly better LKA,D-line,and AVBH values compared to the Mesh group(P<0.05).Conclusion The short-segment cement-augmented internal fixation in combination with the novel expandable PEEK replacement device represents a viable solution for anterior column reconstruction in osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures,as evidenced by its mid-term outcomes of effective pain relief,significant functional improvement,sustained maintenance of vertebral height,and successful deformity correction.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the application effect of implementation strategies in the prevention and control of sur-gical site infection(SSI),and to review its research progress.METHODS A scoping review method was employed,invol-ving systematic searches across databases such as Web of Science,PubMed,Cochrane,CNKI and Wanfang.After screening based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the included literature was analyzed and reported in a standard-ized manner.RESULTS A total of 47 articles were included.Most studies adopted comprehensive evidence-based practices(EBP)(≥2 types)and employed multimodal implementation strategies(≥3 items)to facilitate the implementation of SSI prevention and control EBP.Within the framework of the WHO multimodal strategy,42,39,39 and 24 studies re-spectively applied the four implementation strategies of system change,education and training,monitoring and feedback and reminder and communication,while only 9 studies applied the strategy of creating a safety culture.The highest pro-portion of studies(31.91％,15/47)employed a combination of four implementation strategies,with the common combi-nation being"system change+education and training+monitoring and feedback+reminder and communication"(29.79％,14/47),and this combination of four implementation strategies demonstrated outstanding performance in en-hancing EBP compliance.Totally 26(55.32％)showed decrease in the incidence of SSI after intervention(P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS Implementation strategies are crucial for the successful implementation of SSI prevention and con-trol EBP.Multimodal implementation strategies are common approaches to facilitate the implementation of EBP.In the future,it is necessary to further standardize the application of scientific methods and improve the effect evaluation of im-plementation strategies,providing a reference for the sustained and widespread application of EBP in clinical practice.