Objective To investigate the temporal changes in pathological damage and macrophage polarization in liver and spleen tissues of mice infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis, and to preliminarily unravel the peripheral immune responses during the early stage of A. cantonensis infection. Methods Forty female BALB/c mice at ages of 6 to 8 weeks were randomly divided into four groups, including the control group and 7-, 14-, and 21-day infection groups, with 10 mice in each group. Each mouse in the infection groups was inoculated with 30 third-stage (L3) larvae of A. cantonensis by oral gavage, and five mice were randomly selected from each infection group on days 7, 14, and 21 post-infection, while mice in the control group were given the same volume of physiological saline and five mice were randomly selected from the control group on the day of oral gavage. Mouse liver and spleen tissues were sampled. The histopathological changes of mouse liver and spleen tissues were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and the percentage of positive staining area and the co-localization positive rates of the macrophage surface antigens F4/80, CD86, and CD206 were quantified in mouse liver and spleen tissues using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. In addition, five mice were collected from each infection group on days 7, 14, and 21 post-infection, and five mice were collected from the control group on the day of oral gavage. Mouse liver and spleen tissues were sampled for detection of macrophage markers CD86 and CD206 and macrophage phenotyping using flow cytometry, and the expression of M1 macrophage markers, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (Nos2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and M2 markers, including arginase 1 (Arg1), mannose receptor C-type 1 (Mrc1) and chitinase-like protein 3 (Chil3) was quantified in mouse liver and spleen tissues using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay. Results Proliferative lesions of the hepatocyte were observed in mouse liver tissues and the follicular structures of the mouse spleen white pulp were disrupted 21 days post-infection with A. cantonensis. Immunohistochemical staining showed that there were significant differences in the percentages of F4/80, CD86 and CD206 positive staining areas in the liver and spleen tissues among the four groups of mice (F = 242.40, 197.14, 183.19, 157.65, 242.35 and 146.24; all P values < 0.001), and the percentages of positive staining in the liver and spleen tissues of mice in the 14-day infection group [(4.45 ± 0.51)%, (3.74 ± 0.67)%, (8.32 ± 0.72)%, (16.56 ± 1.14)%, (11.62 ± 0.52)%, and (8.29 ± 0.72)%, respectively] and the 21-day infection group [(3.70 ± 0.11)%, (3.22 ± 0.43)%, (11.53 ± 1.03)%, (12.59 ± 1.05)%, (9.02 ± 0.83)%, and (11.67 ± 1.10)%, respectively] were higher than in the control group [(0.35 ± 0.16)%, (0.40 ± 0.02)%, (0.93 ± 0.05)%, (2.78 ± 0.26)%, (2.33 ± 0.20)%, and (1.85 ± 0.20)%, respectively] (all P values < 0.05). Immunofluorescence staining showed significant differences in the positive rates of F4/80 co-localization with CD86 and CD206 in mouse liver and spleen tissues among the four groups (F = 24.42, 25.28, 54.51 and 130.55; all P values < 0.001). Flow cytometry detected significant differences in the proportions of CD86⁺ and CD206⁺ macrophages in mouse liver and spleen tissues among the four groups (F = 67.98, 18.41, 29.77, 172.80; all P values < 0.001), and the proportions of CD206⁺ macrophages in the liver and spleen of the 21-day infection group were significantly higher than those in the control group [(9.25 ± 2.55)% vs (3.83 ± 0.72)%, and (4.22 ± 0.56)% vs (0.47 ± 0.18)%, respectively] (both P values < 0.05). In addition, RT-qPCR assay quantified significant differences in the relative mRNA expression of M1 macrophage markers (IL-1β, TNF-α and Nos2) and M2 macrophage markers (Arg1, Chil3 and Mrc1) in mouse liver and spleen tissues among the four groups (F = 41.30, 31.82, 199.33, 19.96, 62.01, 119.76, 23.67, 95.90, 72.27, 82.59, 123.41 and 29.75; all P values < 0.05). Conclusions A. cantonensis infection may cause progressive pathological damage in mouse liver and spleen tissues, accompanied by dynamic temporal changes in macrophage polarization. M1 macrophage polarization predominates at the early stage of A. cantonensis infection and shifts towards M2 polarization at the later stages, suggesting that M2 polarization may participate in immune regulation at late stages of A. cantonensis infection by suppressing excessive inflammatory responses and promoting tissue repair.

Medical institutions, with their clinical practice foundation and abundant human use experience data, have become important carriers for the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and the "cradles" of the preparation of new TCM. To effectively promote the transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and establish an effective evaluation index system for the transformation of new TCM conforming to the characteristics of TCM, consensus experts adopted the literature research, questionnaire survey, Delphi method, etc. By focusing on the policy and technical evaluation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions, a comprehensive evaluation from the dimensions of drug safety, efficacy, feasibility, and characteristic advantages was conducted, thus forming a comprehensive evaluation system with four primary indicators and 37 secondary indicators. The expert consensus reached aims to encourage medical institutions at all levels to continuously improve the high-quality research and development and transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and targeted at clinical needs, so as to provide a decision-making basis for the preparation, selection, cultivation, and transformation of new TCM for medical institutions, improve the development efficiency of new TCM, and precisely respond to the public medication needs.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/standards* ; Humans ; Consensus ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The study of active substances in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is the foundation of TCM pharmacology, TCM quality control, and new drug development, and it is also one of the most popular directions in TCM modernization research in recent years. Due to their diverse chemical compositions and complex component-effect relationships, Chinese medicines often require the comprehensive use of multidisciplinary technologies such as chemistry, biology, and information science to reveal their active substances and targets. In this paper, we review the innovative breakthroughs made in the past 30 years in the discovery strategies and technological means for the research of active substances in traditional Chinese medicine from the perspective of technological changes, and focus on the new direction of the research of active substances in traditional Chinese medicine under the paradigm shift of scientific research brought about by artificial intelligence, with the aim of promoting research in related fields to move in the direction of more accurate, efficient, and intelligent, and providing innovative ideas for the research of active substances in traditional Chinese medicine under the new situation.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; Drug Discovery/methods* ; Animals

Bacillus velezensis DJ1 exhibits broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against diverse phytopathogenic fungi, while its biocontrol mechanisms against Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of maize stalk rot, remain poorly characterized. In this study, we integrated genomics and transcriptomics to elucidate the antifungal mechanisms of strain DJ1. The results demonstrated that DJ1 inhibited F. graminearum with the efficacy of 64.4%, while its polyketide crude extract achieved the control efficacy of 55% in pot experiments against this disease. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a single circular chromosome (3 929 792 bp, GC content of 47%) harboring 12 biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites, six of which encoded known antimicrobial compounds (macrolactin H, bacillaene, difficidin, surfactin, fengycin, and bacilysin). Transcriptomic analysis identified 243 differentially expressed genes (152 upregulated and 91 downregulated, P < 0.05), which were potentially associated with the antagonistic activity against F. graminearum. KEGG enrichment analysis highlighted activation (P < 0.05) of cysteine/methionine metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, and polyketide biosynthesis pathways, indicating that DJ1 employed synergistic strategies involving antimicrobial compound synthesis, energy metabolism enhancement, and nutrient competition to suppress pathogens. This study provides a theoretical foundation for developing novel microbial resources and application technologies to combat phytopathogenic fungi.
Fusarium/drug effects* ; Bacillus/metabolism* ; Plant Diseases/prevention & control* ; Antifungal Agents/pharmacology* ; Genomics ; Zea mays/microbiology* ; Transcriptome ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Antibiosis ; Multigene Family ; Multiomics

Objective To compare the early clinical effects of unilateral biportal endoscopic lumbar in-terbody fusion(ULIF)and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(MIS-TLIF)in the treatment of single lumbar degenerative disease(LDD).Methods The patients with LDD treated with ULIF(ULIF group,n=32)and MIS-TLIF(MIS-TLIF group,n=36)in this hospital from January 2020 to Novem-ber 2022 were selected as the study subjects.The perioperative conditions were compared between the two groups,including the postoperative drainage volume,postoperative ground activity time,hospitalization dura-tion,total hospitalization expenses,laboratory hematological indexes including Hb,HCT,CRP and CK levels.The clinical effects were compared between the two groups,including the visual analogue scale(VAS)score of waist and leg pain,Oswestry dysfunction index(ODI),operation excellence rate,vertebral fusion rate and op-eration related complications.Results Compared with the MIS-TLIF group,the ULIF group had less postop-erative drainage,earlier ground activity time,short hospitalization duration,but the operation time was longer and hospitalization costs were higher,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with the MIS-TLIF group,the Hb and HCT levels on postoperative 3 d in the ULIF group were higher,the CRP and CK levels on postoperative 1,3,5 d were lower,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The waist and leg pain VAS score and ODI at each postoperative follow up time points in the two groups were significantly improved compared with before operation(P<0.05).The intergroup comparison showed that the VAS score in postoperative 1 week and 1 month,and ODI in postoperative 1 month in the ULIF group were lower than those in the MIS-TLIF group(P<0.05).In postoperative 12 months,the opera-tion excellence rate and intervertebral fusion rate in the ULIF group were 93.75%and 96.88%respectively,which in the MIS-TLIF group were 88.89%and 91.67%respectively,but the difference between the two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion Adopting ULIF in the treatment of single LDD could obtain the similar clinical effectt of MIS-TLIF,moreover ULIF has less tissue damage,less bleed-ing,less inflammatory reaction and faster postoperative recovery.

Objective To explore the correlation between central venous oxygen saturation(ScvO2)-re-lated indexes at different time points and the occurrence of low cardiac output syndrome(LCOS)after con-genital heart disease(CHD)correction surgery.Methods A total of 73 children who underwent CHD correc-tion surgery in this hospital from July 1st,2021 to July 1st,2024 were selected as the research subjects.The clinical data,preoperative conditions,and postoperative conditions of the children were collected.The ScvO2 and arterial lactate(Lac)levels of the children at different time points(the 1st,6th,12th,and 24th hours after surgery)were monitored,and the ScvO2/Lac at different time points and the change rate of ScvO2 in different time periods were calculated.The correlation between ScvO2-related indexes and LCOS after CHD correction surgery was analyzed.Results ScvO2 at the 6th hour after surgery,ScvO2 at the 12th hour after surgery,Sc-vO2/Lac at the 12th hour after surgery,the change rate of ScvO2 from the 1st to the 24th hour after surgery,the change rate of ScvO2 from the 6th to the 12th hour after surgery,and the change rate of ScvO2 from the 12th to the 24th hour after surgery were independent influencing factors of LCOS occurrence after CHD cor-rection surgery(P＜0.05).There was a negative correlation between ScvO2 at the 12th hour after surgery,ScvO2/Lac and LCOS occurrence after CHD correction surgery(r=-0.543,-0.523,P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of ScvO2 at the 12th hour after surgery for predicting LCOS occurrence after CHD correction surgery was 0.938(95％CI:0.865-1.000);the AUC of ScvO2/Lac at the 12th hour after surgery for predicting LCOS occurrence after CHD correction surgery was 0.922(95％CI:0.851-0.994).Conclusion ScvO2 and ScvO2/Lac at the 12th hour after surgery have good predictive potential for LCOS occurrence af-ter CHD correction surgery.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical characteristics and drug resistance profile of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) enteritis in children in Chengdu, China, providing a reference for rational drug use and empirical treatment in clinical practice. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 130 children with invasive bacterial enteritis due to NTS identified by fecal bacterial culture and the results of drug sensitivity tests for NTS in Chengdu from January 2022 to December 2023. RESULTS: NTS infections were mainly observed from April to September (113 cases, 86.9%), with a peak in August (36 cases, 27.7%). Children aged <36 months accounted for 86.2% (112/130) of all cases, and the main symptoms were diarrhea (130 cases, 100%), fever (123 cases, 94.6%), and hematochezia (112 cases, 86.2%). The 130 NTS isolates exhibited a sensitivity rate of 64.6% to ceftriaxone and 63.8% to cefotaxime, and a sensitivity rate of >90.0% to piperacillin-tazobactam and nitrofurantoin (nitrofurans). The detection rate of multidrug-resistant strains was 48.5% (63/130), and the clinical efficacy of third-generation cephalosporins used in 38 patients (29.2%) was inconsistent with the results of drug sensitivity tests. CONCLUSIONS The peak of invasive NTS enteritis in children aged 0-6 years occurs in August in the Chengdu area, with a relatively high incidence rate in children aged <36 months. The situation of drug resistance is severe for NTS, and piperacillin-tazobactam may be an effective option for treating multidrug-resistant NTS infections in children, while nitrofuran antibiotics might be used to treat such infections.
Humans ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Enteritis/microbiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Salmonella Infections/microbiology* ; Female ; Child ; Salmonella/drug effects* ; Infant, Newborn ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the chain mediating role of family care and emotional management in the relationship between social support and anxiety among rural primary school students. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted among students in grades 4 to 6 from four counties in Hunan Province. Data were collected using the Social Support Rating Scale, Family Care Index Scale, Emotional Intelligence Scale, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder -7. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of anxiety symptoms. Mediation analysis was conducted to assess the chain mediating effects of family care and emotional management between social support and anxiety. RESULTS: A total of 4 141 questionnaires were distributed, with 3 874 valid responses (effective response rate: 93.55%). The prevalence rate of anxiety symptoms among these students was 9.32% (95%CI: 8.40%-10.23%). Significant differences were observed in the prevalence rates of anxiety symptoms among groups with different levels of social support, family functioning, and emotional management ability (P<0.05). The total indirect effect of social support on anxiety symptoms via family care and emotional management was significant (β=-0.137, 95%CI: -0.167 to -0.109), and the direct effect of social support on anxiety symptoms remained significant (P<0.05). Family care and emotional management served as significant chain mediators in the relationship between social support and anxiety symptoms (β=-0.025,95%CI:-0.032 to -0.018), accounting for 14.5% of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS Social support can directly affect anxiety symptoms among rural primary school students and can also indirectly influence anxiety symptoms through the chain mediating effects of family care and emotional management. These findings provide scientific evidence for the prevention of anxiety in primary school students from multiple perspectives.
Humans ; Female ; Male ; Social Support ; Anxiety/etiology* ; Child ; Students/psychology* ; Emotions ; Logistic Models

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients treated with venetoclax combined with azacitidine (Ven/Aza) or standard "3+7" regimen and similar regimens, collect real-world study data, compare the treatment response and adverse events between the two regimens, as well as perform survival analysis. METHODS: To retrospectively analyze the efficacy, survival, and adverse reactions of newly diagnosed AML patients treated with Ven/Aza (24 cases) and "3+7" regimens (117 cases ) in our hospital from September 2009 to March 2023, as well as factors influencing outcomes. A propensity score matching (PSM) was performed on age and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) to obtain a 1:1 matched cohort of 20 pairs, and the efficacy and survival before and after the matching were compared. RESULTS: The median age of patients in the Ven/Aza group was 69 years, while that in the "3+7" group was 56 years (P <0.001). Objective remission rate (ORR) was 62.5% in Ven/Aza group and 74.8% in "3+7" group (P >0.05). The median overall survival (OS) in the Ven/Aza group was 522 days, while that in the "3+7" group was 1 002 days (P >0.05). After controlling the two variables of age and ECOG PS, a PSM cohort of 20 pairs was obtained, in which the ORR was 65% in Ven/Aza group and 60% in "3+7" group (P >0.05). The median OS was 522 days and 629 days, and median progression-free survival (PFS) was 531 days and 198 days between the two groups, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in OS and PFS between the two groups (both P >0.05). Additionally, the incidence of adverse events in the Ven/Aza group was significantly reduced. CONCLUSION The overall cohort shows that the "3+7" regimen has advantages in efficacy and survival, but Ven/Aza regimen is relatively safer. After performing PSM on age and ECOG PS, the Ven/Aza group showed improved efficacy, and a longer median PFS compared to "3+7" group.
Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sulfonamides/administration & dosage* ; Azacitidine/administration & dosage* ; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/administration & dosage* ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Female ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the effect of tissue-resident memory T cells(TRM)on imiquimod-induced psoriatic-like skin lesions in mice,and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of TRM involvement in this process.Methods Forty female BALB/c mice were procured and randomly allocated into four groups:ten in the blank control group,and thirty for the establishment of a psoriasis mouse model.Following successful modeling,the thirty mice were further randomized into three groups:the model control group,the methotrexate-treated group,and the imiquimod-treated group,with ten mice in each group.Mice in the blank control group and model control group were uniformly treated with Vaseline for intervention.The methotrexate group and the imiquimod group were treated with 62.5mg of 5％imiquimod cream.The methotrexate group was administered by gavage at a dose of 1 mg/kg,and the gavage volume of each group was 10 mL/kg.The model control group,blank group and imiquimod group were gavaged with the same volume of normal saline.Treatment was conducted over six consecutive days.Subsequently,comparisons were made across groups regarding the psoriasis area and severity index(PASI),histopathological findings,inflammatory cytokine levels,and TRM cell levels.Results(1)The imiquimod group exhibited signifi-cantly lower scores for erythema(2.54±0.32),skin thickening(2.59±0.25),and scaling(2.52±0.29)compared to the methotrexate group,model control group,and blank control group(P<0.05).Additionally,the methotrexate group demonstrated reduced scores for erythema,skin thickening,and scaling compared to the model control group(P<0.05).(2)Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining revealed that the epidermis in the methotrexate group became thin-ner,with fewer parakeratotic cells and increased hair follicles.Conversely,the imiquimod group displayed abnor-mal cell morphology and relatively thicker white skin after modeling.(3)The imiquimod group showed significantly lower levels of TNF-α(51.63±4.39 pg/mL),IL-1β(35.53±4.15 pg/mL),IFN-γ(23.43±3.41 pg/mL),and IL-23(15.24±2.95 pg/mL)compared to the methotrexate and model control groups(P<0.05).Similarly,the methotrexate group exhibited reduced levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IFN-γ,and IL-23 compared to the model control group(P<0.05).(4)The imiquimod group had significantly lower levels of CD8+CD103+cells(15.39±2.31)than the methotrexate and model control groups(P<0.05).Furthermore,the methotrexate group demonstrated lower levels of CD8+CD103+cells compared to the model control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Miquimod induces heavier skin lesions,faster response,and more epidermal thickening in psoriasis like mice.CD8+CD103+TRM cells and inflammatory factors may be involved in the recurrence of psoriasis.