Objective To understand the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in China,pro-vide data support and decision-making basis for formulating scientific and effective strategies for HAI prevention and control.Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey on HAI was conducted among various types and levels of medical institutions in China according to a unified protocol of bedside surveys and case investigations.Results In 2024,a total of 5 736 medical institutions and 2 751 765 patients were surveyed.Among them,34 889 HAI cases were identified,with a prevalence rate of 1.27％.The number of HAI episodes was 38 032,and case prevalence rate was 1.38％.The prevalence rate of HAI in medical institutions in different regions of China ranged from 0.66％to 2.35％.Among medical institutions of different scales,those with a bed capacity of ≥900 had the high-est incidence of HAI,reaching 1.65％.The most common infection site was the lower respiratory tract(44.66％),followed by the urinary tract(12.94％),surgical site(9.32％),upper respiratory tract(7.02％),and bloodstream infection(5.78％).The top 3 departments with the highest HAI rates were the general intensive care unit(10.02％),department of neurosurgery(5.51％),and department(group)of hematology(5.34％).A total of 23 238 strains of HAI pathogens were detected,with 10 714 strains(46.10％)from lower respiratory tract speci-mens.The top 5 detected strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae(14.76％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.33％),Escherichia coli(12.79％),Acinetobacter baumannii(9.23％),and Staphylococcus aureus(7.88％).231 944 pa-tients underwent class Ⅰ incision surgery were monitored,with 1 647 cases experienced surgical site infection,and the prevalence rate of surgical site infection was 0.71％.The number of patients who should undergo pathogen de-tection(patients receiving therapeutic and therapeutic combined prophylactic antimicrobial agents)was 715 179,while the actual number was 480 492,with a pathogen detection rate of 67.18％.425 225 patients received patho-genic detection before treatment,with a detection rate of 59.46％.Conclusion The overall HAI prevalence in Chi-na is lower,showing disparities among medical institutions of different regions and scales.Therefore,precise imple-mentation of measures is necessary for HAI prevention and control,with a focus on high-risk institutions and high-risk departments,key areas,and critical procedures.All levels of medical institutions should continuously reduce the incidence of HAI by strengthening monitoring,standardizing the use of antimicrobial agents,and reinforcing basic HAI prevention and control measures.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective To understand the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in China,pro-vide data support and decision-making basis for formulating scientific and effective strategies for HAI prevention and control.Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey on HAI was conducted among various types and levels of medical institutions in China according to a unified protocol of bedside surveys and case investigations.Results In 2024,a total of 5 736 medical institutions and 2 751 765 patients were surveyed.Among them,34 889 HAI cases were identified,with a prevalence rate of 1.27％.The number of HAI episodes was 38 032,and case prevalence rate was 1.38％.The prevalence rate of HAI in medical institutions in different regions of China ranged from 0.66％to 2.35％.Among medical institutions of different scales,those with a bed capacity of ≥900 had the high-est incidence of HAI,reaching 1.65％.The most common infection site was the lower respiratory tract(44.66％),followed by the urinary tract(12.94％),surgical site(9.32％),upper respiratory tract(7.02％),and bloodstream infection(5.78％).The top 3 departments with the highest HAI rates were the general intensive care unit(10.02％),department of neurosurgery(5.51％),and department(group)of hematology(5.34％).A total of 23 238 strains of HAI pathogens were detected,with 10 714 strains(46.10％)from lower respiratory tract speci-mens.The top 5 detected strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae(14.76％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.33％),Escherichia coli(12.79％),Acinetobacter baumannii(9.23％),and Staphylococcus aureus(7.88％).231 944 pa-tients underwent class Ⅰ incision surgery were monitored,with 1 647 cases experienced surgical site infection,and the prevalence rate of surgical site infection was 0.71％.The number of patients who should undergo pathogen de-tection(patients receiving therapeutic and therapeutic combined prophylactic antimicrobial agents)was 715 179,while the actual number was 480 492,with a pathogen detection rate of 67.18％.425 225 patients received patho-genic detection before treatment,with a detection rate of 59.46％.Conclusion The overall HAI prevalence in Chi-na is lower,showing disparities among medical institutions of different regions and scales.Therefore,precise imple-mentation of measures is necessary for HAI prevention and control,with a focus on high-risk institutions and high-risk departments,key areas,and critical procedures.All levels of medical institutions should continuously reduce the incidence of HAI by strengthening monitoring,standardizing the use of antimicrobial agents,and reinforcing basic HAI prevention and control measures.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effects and potential mechanism of evodiamine on inflammatory response and apoptosis of epithelial cells in asthma model rats. METHODS SD rats were separated into control group， model group， evodiamine low-dose group （10 mg/kg）， evodiamine high-dose group （20 mg/kg）， dexamethasone group （positive control， 0.5 mg/kg）， epidermal growth factor （EGF） group [mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） activator， 10 μg]， evodiamine high-dose+EGF group （20 mg/kg evodiamine+10 μg EGF）， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the control group， the other groups were sensitized by 3-point injection of 10% ovalbumin（OVA）-aluminium hydroxide mixture and stimulated by inhalation of 2%OVA nebulized liquid to establish an asthma model. The count of inflammatory cells （macrophages and lymphocytes） in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） was detected in each group； pathological changes of lung tissue in rats were observed； the apoptosis of airway epithelial cells， the levels of serum inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α， interleukin-6 （IL-6） and IL-4]， the expressions of pathway-related proteins p38 MAPK， phosphorylated p38 MAPK （p-p38 MAPK）， signal transduction and transcription activating factor 1 （STAT1）] and apoptosis-related proteins [B cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2） and Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax）] were all detected in lung tissue. RESULTS Compared with the control group， bronchial mucosal edema， thickening of alveolar septa and extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed in the lung tissue of rats in the model group； the number of inflammatory cells， apoptosis rate of airway epithelial cells， the levels of inflammatory factors， p-38 MAPK/p-38 MAPK， and the protein expressions of Bax and STAT1 were increased significantly； the expressions of Bcl-2 protein and Bcl-2/Bax were reduced significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， the pathological changes in lung tissues were alleviated to varying degrees in evodiamine low-dose and high-dose groups， and dexamethasone groups， and the above indicators were significantly reversed. However， the change trends of corresponding indicators in the EGF group were opposite to the above （P＜0.05）. EGF could significantly attenuate the effect of high-dose evodiamine on inflammatory response in asthmatic rats （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Evodiamine can relieve inflammatory reactions and inhibit the apoptosis of airway epithelial cells in asthmatic rats， the mechanism of which may be associated with inhibiting p38 MAPK/STAT1 signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effects and potential mechanism of evodiamine on inflammatory response and apoptosis of epithelial cells in asthma model rats. METHODS SD rats were separated into control group， model group， evodiamine low-dose group （10 mg/kg）， evodiamine high-dose group （20 mg/kg）， dexamethasone group （positive control， 0.5 mg/kg）， epidermal growth factor （EGF） group [mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） activator， 10 μg]， evodiamine high-dose+EGF group （20 mg/kg evodiamine+10 μg EGF）， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the control group， the other groups were sensitized by 3-point injection of 10% ovalbumin（OVA）-aluminium hydroxide mixture and stimulated by inhalation of 2%OVA nebulized liquid to establish an asthma model. The count of inflammatory cells （macrophages and lymphocytes） in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） was detected in each group； pathological changes of lung tissue in rats were observed； the apoptosis of airway epithelial cells， the levels of serum inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α， interleukin-6 （IL-6） and IL-4]， the expressions of pathway-related proteins p38 MAPK， phosphorylated p38 MAPK （p-p38 MAPK）， signal transduction and transcription activating factor 1 （STAT1）] and apoptosis-related proteins [B cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2） and Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax）] were all detected in lung tissue. RESULTS Compared with the control group， bronchial mucosal edema， thickening of alveolar septa and extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed in the lung tissue of rats in the model group； the number of inflammatory cells， apoptosis rate of airway epithelial cells， the levels of inflammatory factors， p-38 MAPK/p-38 MAPK， and the protein expressions of Bax and STAT1 were increased significantly； the expressions of Bcl-2 protein and Bcl-2/Bax were reduced significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， the pathological changes in lung tissues were alleviated to varying degrees in evodiamine low-dose and high-dose groups， and dexamethasone groups， and the above indicators were significantly reversed. However， the change trends of corresponding indicators in the EGF group were opposite to the above （P＜0.05）. EGF could significantly attenuate the effect of high-dose evodiamine on inflammatory response in asthmatic rats （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Evodiamine can relieve inflammatory reactions and inhibit the apoptosis of airway epithelial cells in asthmatic rats， the mechanism of which may be associated with inhibiting p38 MAPK/STAT1 signaling pathway.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

The incidence of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fracture (OTLVF) in the elderly is gradually increasing. The kyphotic deformity caused by various factors has become an important characteristic of OTLVF and has received increasing attention. Its clinical manifestations include pain, delayed nerve damage, sagittal imbalance, etc. Currently, the definition and diagnosis of OTLVF with kyphotic deformity in the elderly are still unclear. Although there are many treatment options, they are controversial. Existing guidelines or consensuses pay little attention to this type of fracture with kyphotic deformity. To this end, the Lumbar Education Working Group of the Spine Branch of the Chinese Medicine Education Association and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized the experts in the relevant fields to jointly develop Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fractures with kyphotic deformity in the elderly ( version 2024), based on evidence-based medical advancements and the principles of scientificity, practicality, and advanced nature, which provided 18 recommendations to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment.

AIM To identify the in vivo metabolites of Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight extract in functional dyspepsia rats by UHPLC Q-Exactive Plus Orbitrap HRMS.METHODS The rat models for functional dyspepsia were established.The analysis was performed on a 40℃ thermostatic Hypersil GOLD C18 column(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.9 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of water(containing 0.1％formic acid)-acetonitrile(containing 0.1％formic acid)flowing at 0.3 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and electrospray ionization source was adopted in positive and negative ion scanning.RESULTS Total 4 prototypes(baishouwubenzophenone,deacylmetaplexigenin,qingyangshengenin,syringic)and 110 metabolites were identified,12 of which were common metabolites in feces and urine,56 of which were unique metabolites in urine,42 of which were unique metabolites in feces.The metabolic pathway of prototypes contained phase Ⅰ metabolism(reduction,oxidization,etc.),phase Ⅱ metabolism(sulfonation,glucuronidation,etc.)and phase Ⅰ,Ⅱ composite reactions.CONCLUSION This effective and comprehensive method can lay the theoretical foundation for further discovery of potential active metabolites in C.auriculatum.

Objective:To establish an in vivo infection model of West Nile virus (WNV) pseudovirus and evaluate the neutralizing activity of antibody WNV-XH1.Methods:A stable cell line that can package the WNV pseudovirus was established in the early stage to prepare the pseudovirus supernatant. The supernatant was concentrated and infected BHK21 cells to detect the titer of the pseudovirus. After intraperitoneal injection of the pseudovirus into C57BL/J mice, bioluminescence imaging was performed to observe the infection status of the pseudovirus in the mice. After simultaneous infection, blood was collected and ELISA was used to detect NS1 levels in mouse serum. The in vivo functional activity of antibody WNV-XH1 was evaluated using the established mouse infection model.Results:Fluorescence was detected in C57BL/J mice infected with WNV pseudovirus, and the NS1 levels in the peripheral blood serum of mice infected with pseudovirus were significantly higher than those of non infected mice (1.453±0.09vs0.305±0.018). After intravenous administration of WNV-XH1 antibody before the attack, the fluorescence signal in the mice decreased and the serum NS1 level decreased (0.384±0.015).Conclusions:A successful in vivo infection model of WNV pseudovirus was established, and it was confirmed that the antibody WNV-XH1 had a protective effect against WNV pseudovirus infection in vivo.