Chronic heart failure （CHF） is an end-stage cardiac syndrome driven by multiple factors. Its pathological process involves interactions of multiple pathways such as energy metabolism dysfunction， neuroendocrine dysregulation， and myocardial fibrosis. Although current clinical medicine can alleviate symptoms through single-target approaches， significant limitations in reversing cardiac remodeling and disease progression remain. Puerarin， a major bioactive isoflavone constituent derived from Pueraria lobata， exhibits multidimensional pharmacological effects， such as vasodilatory effects， regulation of neuroendocrine balance， enhancement of metabolic homeostasis， and suppression of myocardial apoptosis. This review systematically integrated puerarin's multi-target regulatory network， elucidating its mechanisms such as improving energy metabolism by AMP-activated protein kinase/mechanistic target of rapamycin （AMPK/mTOR） pathway， inhibiting fibrosis mediated by transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）/Smad signals， and attenuating oxidative-inflammatory cascades by regulating nuclear factor erythroid 2 （E₂）-related factor 2/nuclear transcription factor-κB（Nrf2/NF-κB） axis. Clinical research data was used to validate its efficacy in improving the left ventricular ejection function and reducing the therapeutic potential of cardiovascular events' risks. The study proposed that puerarin's "systemic regulation" characteristic breaks through the limitations of traditional single-target drugs and prospected its clinical translation pathway based on metabolomics and nano-delivery technology， offering an integrative perspective from molecular mechanisms to precise therapy for the research on modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.

Chronic heart failure （CHF） is an end-stage cardiac syndrome driven by multiple factors. Its pathological process involves interactions of multiple pathways such as energy metabolism dysfunction， neuroendocrine dysregulation， and myocardial fibrosis. Although current clinical medicine can alleviate symptoms through single-target approaches， significant limitations in reversing cardiac remodeling and disease progression remain. Puerarin， a major bioactive isoflavone constituent derived from Pueraria lobata， exhibits multidimensional pharmacological effects， such as vasodilatory effects， regulation of neuroendocrine balance， enhancement of metabolic homeostasis， and suppression of myocardial apoptosis. This review systematically integrated puerarin's multi-target regulatory network， elucidating its mechanisms such as improving energy metabolism by AMP-activated protein kinase/mechanistic target of rapamycin （AMPK/mTOR） pathway， inhibiting fibrosis mediated by transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）/Smad signals， and attenuating oxidative-inflammatory cascades by regulating nuclear factor erythroid 2 （E₂）-related factor 2/nuclear transcription factor-κB（Nrf2/NF-κB） axis. Clinical research data was used to validate its efficacy in improving the left ventricular ejection function and reducing the therapeutic potential of cardiovascular events' risks. The study proposed that puerarin's "systemic regulation" characteristic breaks through the limitations of traditional single-target drugs and prospected its clinical translation pathway based on metabolomics and nano-delivery technology， offering an integrative perspective from molecular mechanisms to precise therapy for the research on modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective: To investigate the association of special family structure and physical activity with psychological sub health among secondary vocational school students, so as to provide reference to inform mental health promotion in the population. Methods: From September to December 2024, a convenience sample was drawn from 16 schools including 5 141 secondary vocational school students across 8 provinces (municipalities) in China (Fujian, Chongqing, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shanghai, Zhejiang). A self developed questionnaire, Multidimensional Sub health Questionnaire of Adolescents and International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form were used to investigate and evaluate basic information, family structure, psychological sub health status and physical activity. Descriptive statistics and Logistic regression analysis were performed to explore relationships of special family structures and physical activity with psychological sub health in secondary vocational school students. Results: The detection rate of psychological sub health among secondary vocational school students was 11.0%. The reporting rates for secondary vocational school students who lost their father or lost their mother, whose parents divorced, whose parents remarried, and those from special family structures were 2.8%, 0.8%, 11.8%, 3.9%, and 14.7%, respectively. Moreover, the detection rates of psychological sub health and its sub dimensions significantly differed among secondary vocational school students grouped by family type (divorced parental families, remarried parental families and special family structures)( χ 2=5.90-22.67, all P <0.05). Binary Logistic regression indicated that maternal bereavement was associated with a higher risk of conduct problems [ AOR ( 95% CI )= 2.90(1.15-7.33)], and parental divorce was associated with a higher risk of psychological sub health ( AOR= 2.71 , 95%CI =1.04- 7.06 ) among secondary vocational school students (both P <0.05). Interaction analysis showed that both students with a special family structure and insufficient physical activity [ AOR (95% CI )=1.99(1.44-2.75)] and those with a non-special family structure and insufficient physical activity [ AOR (95% CI )=1.81(1.48-2.22)] were associated with increased risks of psychological sub health among secondary vocational school students (both P <0.01). Conclusion Special family structure and physical activity are associated with psychological sub health among secondary vocational school students; early identification and assessment based interventions for those with a special family structure should be strengthened, while school based physical activity should be implemented to increase physical activity levels,thereby reducing the risk of psychological sub health.

Objective: To investigate the association between injury prevention knowledge level and injury occurrence among primary and secondary school students in Dongguan, so as to provide scientific basis for formulating targeted and evidence based intervention strategies for child injury. Methods: From March to April 2024, stratified cluster random sampling method was applied to select 5 988 primary and secondary school students in grades 4-9 for a survey. The Revised Questionnaire for the 2016-2020 Child Injury Prevention Project (senior version) was used to collect demographic characteristics, family and caregiver information, injury event characteristics, and knowledge, attitude, and practice related to injury prevention. Mann-Whitney U test was used for inter group comparison. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to balance confounders, and conditional Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between injury prevention knowledge score and injury occurrence among primary and secondary school students, and a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model was employed to test the dose response relationship. Furthermore, interaction terms were introduced to examine the moderating effects of sex, grade level, and caregiver’s educational level. Results: The overall incidence of injuries among primary and secondary school students was 18.15%. The knowledge score of injury prevention was significantly lower in the injury group [20.0(18.0,22.0)] than in the non injury group [21.0(19.0,22.0)] ( Z = 8.24 , P <0.01). After PSM, 1 068 pairs were successfully matched, and the standardized mean difference for all covariates was <0.1. An increase in injury prevention awareness scores was associated with a reduced risk of injury occurrence among primary and secondary school students ( OR =0.92, P <0.05). The RCS analysis showed an approximately linear negative association between injury prevention knowledge score and injury risk among primary and secondary school students ( P non linear =0.72), with a decreased injury risk when score exceeded 24 ( OR = 0.69, P <0.05). Subgroup analyses indicated that the negative correlation between cognitive level and the risk of injury was common in different gender, grade and caregivers educational level groups ( OR =0.87- 0.93 , all P <0.05). Sensitivity analyses yielded results consistent with the primary analysis. Conclusions The incidence of injuries among primary and secondary school students in Dongguan City is relatively high. Injury prevention knowledge level is negatively associated with injury occurrence risk, exhibiting an approximately linear dose response relationship.

Hyperlipidemia is a common metabolic disorder driven by dysregulated lipid metabolism， whose pathological progression involves multifaceted interactions across various signaling pathways， including disrupted cholesterol homeostasis， insulin resistance， chronic inflammation， and oxidative stress. Although existing clinical medications such as statins can effectively reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol through single-target inhibition， significant limitations remain in comprehensively improving reverse cholesterol transport， metabolic inflammation， and coordinated regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Curcumin， the primary polyphenolic active compound derived from the traditional medicinal herb turmeric， exhibits multi-dimensional pharmacological effects including modulation of lipid metabolism， improvement of insulin sensitivity， suppression of inflammatory responses， and enhancement of antioxidant defense. This review systematically integrates the multi-target regulatory network of curcumin， elucidating its key mechanisms： Balancing the low density lipoprotein receptor/proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 （LDLR/PCSK9） signaling pathway to promote reverse cholesterol transport， activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α/γ （PPARα/γ） signaling pathways to coordinate glucolipid metabolic homeostasis， remodeling the gut microbiota-bile acid axis， inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB）-mediated inflammatory responses， and activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element （Nrf2/ARE） antioxidant signaling pathway. Furthermore， supported by clinical research data， the review validates curcumin's therapeutic potential in reducing total cholesterol （TC） and triglyceride （TG） levels， increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， as well as improving vascular endothelial function and insulin sensitivity. The study highlights the multi-target regulatory properties of curcumin and discusses future clinical applications based on nano-delivery systems and personalized treatment strategies， providing a theoretical basis and novel insights for the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia and related metabolic disorders.

Objective: To analyze the structural changes in whole blood and apheresis platelet donations in Chinese Society of Blood Transfusion (CSBT) sentinel units from 2021 to 2025, and to provide evidence for donor recruitment and blood service management. Methods: Aggregated data reported by sentinel sites were collected and stratified according to six indicators: age, sex, donation history, donation volume, donation site, and organization mode. Pearson χ test, Cramer′V coefficient, Cochran-Armitage trend test and simple linear regression were adopted for analysis. Results: A total of 16 256 973 whole blood donations and 1 576 546 apheresis platelet donations were included. Among whole-blood donations, the proportion of donors aged 18-22 years decreased from 27.30% to 10.60%. The proportion of male donors increased from 58.81% to 63.13%; the proportion of people aged 30 and above increased from 58.40% to 75.30%; the proportion of fixed locations rose from 28.37% to 36.57%; the proportion of social groups increased from 21.69% to 39.69%. The 400-mL donations decreased from 62.12% to 53.46%, while individually initiated voluntary donations remained above 50%. Apheresis platelet donations were predominantly from males, individuals aged 30-39 years, and repeat donors; 2-treatment-unit apheresis platelet donations increased from 67.19% to 74.93%, and individually initiated donations accounted for 92.97%-96.02%. Statistically significant overall annual compositional differences were observed for all six indicators (all P<0.001), whereas linear trends for some sub-categories were not statistically significant. Conclusion: In the participating CSBT sentinel units, among whole blood donations, the proportions of donors aged 18-22 years, university-organized group donations, and donations at blood mobiles decreased, whereas the proportions of organizational group donations and donations at fixed venues increased. The apheresis platelet donation cohort is relatively mature and is evolving toward a high-efficiency donation model. Individual voluntary donation remains the primary organization mode for both donation types. Strategies such as youth donor recruitment, optimized layout of fixed donation sites, and retention of repeat donors should be strengthened to improve the resilience of blood supply.

In 2022， Hainan provincial government launched the project for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis with the goals of a hepatitis B screening rate of 90%， a diagnostic rate of 90%， and a treatment rate of 80% among people aged 18 years and above by the year 2025， and the main intervention measures include population-based prevention， case screening， antiviral therapy， and health management. As of December 31， 2024， a total of 6.875 million individuals in the general population had been screened for hepatitis B， with a screening rate of 95.6%. A total of 184 710 individuals with positive HBsAg were identified， among whom 156 772 were diagnosed through serological reexamination， resulting in a diagnostic rate of 84.9%. A total of 50 742 patients with chronic hepatitis B were identified， among whom 42 921 had hepatitis B-specific health records established for health management， with a file establishment rate of 84.6%. A total of 31 553 individuals received antiviral therapy， with a treatment rate of 62.2%. A total of 2.503 million individuals at a high risk of hepatitis C were screened， among whom 4 870 tested positive for HCV antibody and 3 858 underwent HCV RNA testing， resulting in a diagnostic rate of 79.2%， and 1 824 individuals with positive HCV RNA were identified， among whom 1 194 received antiviral therapy， with a treatment rate of 65.5%. In addition， 159 301 individuals with negative HBsAg and anti-HBs and an age of 20 — 40 years were inoculated with hepatitis B vaccine free of charge. Through the implementation of the project for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis， a large number of hepatitis patients have been identified， treated， and managed in the province within a short period of time， which significantly accelerates the efforts to eliminate the crisis of viral hepatitis.

With the widespread use of antibiotics, drug-resistant bacterial infections have become a significant threat to human health. Finding new antibacterial strategies that can effectively control drug-resistant bacterial infections has become an urgent task. Unlike small molecule drugs that target bacterial proteins, antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) can target genes related to bacterial resistance, pathogenesis, growth, reproduction and biofilm formation. By regulating the expression of these genes, ASO can inhibit or kill bacteria, providing a novel approach for the development of antibacterial drugs. To overcome the challenge of delivering antisense oligonucleotide into bacterial cells, various drug delivery systems have been applied in this field, including cell-penetrating peptides, lipid nanoparticles and inorganic nanoparticles, which have injected new momentum into the development of antisense oligonucleotide in the antibacterial realm. This review summarizes the current development of small nucleic acid drugs, the antibacterial mechanisms, targets, sequences and delivery vectors of antisense oligonucleotide, providing a reference for the research and development of antisense oligonucleotide in the treatment of bacterial infections.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of action of Wendantang on ApoE^-/- hyperlipidemic mice using non-targeted metabolomics technology. MethodsMale C57BL/6J mice served as the normal control group （n=6）， and they were fed with regular chow， while male ApoE^-/- mice constituted the high-fat group （n=30）， and they were fed with a 60% high-fat diet. After 11 weeks of model establishment， the mice in the high-fat group were randomly divided into the model group， simvastatin group （3.3 mg·kg^-1）， and high-dose， medium-dose， and low-dose groups of Wendantang （26， 13， 6.5 g·kg^-1， respectively， in terms of crude drug amount）， with six mice in each group. The normal control group and the model group were gavaged with an equivalent volume of normal saline， and all groups continued to be fed their respective diets， receiving daily medication for 10 weeks with weekly body weight measurements. Serum levels of total cholesterol （TC）， triglycerides （TG）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， free fatty acids （NEFA）， blood glucose （GLU）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） were detected in the mice. Pathological changes in liver tissue were observed using hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS） was employed for metabolomic analysis of mouse liver tissue. ResultsCompared to the normal control group， the model group exhibited significantly increased body weight， blood lipid levels， and liver function （P<0.05， P<0.01）， with disordered liver tissue structure， swollen hepatocytes， and accompanying vacuolar fatty degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration. Compared to the model group， the simvastatin group and Wendantang groups showed significantly reduced body weight， TG， NEFA， GLU， ALT， and AST levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）， with a significant increase in HDL-C levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）， demonstrating a dose-dependent effect. The lesion of the liver tissue section was obviously improved after administration， tending towards a normal liver tissue morphology. Analysis of liver metabolites revealed 86 differential metabolites between the normal control group and the model group， with the high-dose group of Wendantang able to regulate 56 of these metabolites. Twenty-two differential metabolites associated with hyperlipidemia were identified， mainly including chenodeoxycholic acid， hyocholic acid， taurine， glycocholic acid， dihydroceramide， hydroxy sphingomyelin C14∶1， arachidonic acid， and linoleic acid， enriching 22 metabolic pathways， with 4 being the most significant （P<0.05）， namely primary bile acid biosynthesis， sphingolipid metabolism， unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis， and linoleic acid metabolism pathways. ConclusionWendantang can improve blood lipid levels and liver function in ApoE^-/- hyperlipidemic mice， which may be related to the regulation of primary bile acid biosynthesis， sphingolipid metabolism， unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis， and linoleic acid metabolism pathways.

To guide transfusion practice in critically ill children who often need plasma and platelet transfusions, the Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative-Control/Avoidance of Bleeding (TAXI-CAB) developed Recommendations and Expert Consensus for Plasma and Platelet Transfusion Practice in Critically Ill Children. This guideline addresses 53 recommendations related to plasma and platelet transfusion in critically ill children with 8 kinds of diseases, laboratory testing, selection/treatment of plasma and platelet components, and research priorities. This paper introduces the specific methods and results of the recommendation formation of the guideline.