Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ABO non-identical platelets with reduced plasma (ABO-NPRP) transfusion in patients with hematological diseases. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 52 therapeutic doses of apheresis platelets with reduced plasma prepared at Chongqing Blood Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. The transfusion efficacy (24 h CCI) and the transfusion adverse reactions of these apheresis platelets were also observed in 35 patients with hematological diseases in First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University. Comparisons were made with a control group consisting of patients who received only identical apheresis platelets during the same period. Meanwhile, the effect of ABO-NPRP on the subsequent platelet transfusion efficacy was observed. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in PDW, MPV, and PLCR before and after the preparation of apheresis platelets with reduced plasma (P>0.05), while the difference in platelet count was statistically significant [(2.86±0.34)×10 per therapeutic dose vs (2.46±0.28)×10 per therapeutic dose, P<0.001]; there was no statistically significant difference in the 24 h CCI transfusion efficacy between conventional identical apheresis platelets and ABO-NPRP, with transfusion efficacy rates of 76.60% and 78.85%, respectively (P>0.05); there was no statistically significant difference in platelet transfusion efficacy between the group with ABO-NPRP and the group without ABO-NPRP (completely identical transfusion group), with transfusion efficacy rates of 77.78% and 75.25%, respectively (P>0.05). Conclusion: ABO-NPRP transfusion is safe, effective, demonstrating comparable efficacy to conventional identical transfusion. It can serve as an important complementary strategy to optimize the utilization of blood resources.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ABO non-identical platelets with reduced plasma (ABO-NPRP) transfusion in patients with hematological diseases. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 52 therapeutic doses of apheresis platelets with reduced plasma prepared at Chongqing Blood Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. The transfusion efficacy (24 h CCI) and the transfusion adverse reactions of these apheresis platelets were also observed in 35 patients with hematological diseases in First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University. Comparisons were made with a control group consisting of patients who received only identical apheresis platelets during the same period. Meanwhile, the effect of ABO-NPRP on the subsequent platelet transfusion efficacy was observed. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in PDW, MPV, and PLCR before and after the preparation of apheresis platelets with reduced plasma (P>0.05), while the difference in platelet count was statistically significant [(2.86±0.34)×10 per therapeutic dose vs (2.46±0.28)×10 per therapeutic dose, P<0.001]; there was no statistically significant difference in the 24 h CCI transfusion efficacy between conventional identical apheresis platelets and ABO-NPRP, with transfusion efficacy rates of 76.60% and 78.85%, respectively (P>0.05); there was no statistically significant difference in platelet transfusion efficacy between the group with ABO-NPRP and the group without ABO-NPRP (completely identical transfusion group), with transfusion efficacy rates of 77.78% and 75.25%, respectively (P>0.05). Conclusion: ABO-NPRP transfusion is safe, effective, demonstrating comparable efficacy to conventional identical transfusion. It can serve as an important complementary strategy to optimize the utilization of blood resources.

ObjectiveThis study aims to reveal the mechanism of liver and kidney injuries caused by Dictamni Cortex and its interrelationship by metabonomics analysis of liver and kidney via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）. MethodsThe content of the marker compounds of Dictamni Cortex was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） to carry out quality control. Sprague Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a blank group （normal saline）， an administration group （0.9， 2.7， 8.1 g·kg^-1）， and a high-dose withdrawal control group， with eight rats in each group. Continuous administration was performed once daily for 28 days. The liver and kidney injuries caused by each administration group were assessed by organ indices， pathological observations， and serum and plasma biochemical indices measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The potential biomarkers of liver and kidney injuries caused by Dictamni Cortex were screened， and pathway enrichment analysis and correlation analysis were performed based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. ResultsCompared with the blank group， both the medium- and low-dose groups showed insignificant damage to the liver and kidney of rats. The high-dose group exhibited the most serious damage， and the level of liver and kidney function indices ［alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， creatinine （Cr）， and blood urea nitrogen （BUN）］ and serum inflammatory indices （［interleukin 1β （IL-1β）， IL-6， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）］ in the serum were significantly changed （P<0.01）. The liver and kidney metabolism pathways and differential metabolites were quite different. Among them， phenylalanine metabolism， niacin and nicotinamide metabolism， and glycerophospholipid metabolism were common pathways. Correlation analysis of differential metabolites showed that there were significant correlations among disorders of 4′-Phosphopantothenoylcysteine， PC （16∶0/15∶0）， phenylethylamine， arachidonic acid， and linoleic acid in liver and kidney tissue. ConclusionThe decoction of Dictamni Cortex can cause liver and kidney injuries， and its mechanism may be related to oxidative stress and lipid metabolism disorders. The correlation of differential metabolites indicates the interaction between liver and kidney injuries.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of the immunotoxicity induced by dictamnine （DIC） in rats and the recovery effect after drug withdrawal by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry， thereby providing a theoretical basis for elucidating the toxic mechanism of DIC. MethodsSD rats were randomized into blank （normal saline）， DIC （10 mg·kg^-1）， and DIC withdrawal （recovery period） groups （n=8）. The rats were continuously treated for 7 days， once a day， and the body weight and organ weight were recorded. The levels of interleukin-1 （IL-1）， IL-6， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in the serum and immunoglobulin A （IgA）， immunoglobulin G （IgG）， and immunoglobulin M （IgM） in the spleen were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the spleen. ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） was employed to screen the potential biomarkers of immune inflammation caused by DIC， and pathway enrichment analysis and correlation analysis were performed. The mRNA levels of IL-1β， TNF-α， lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2 （LPCAT2）， and farnesoid X receptor （FXR） in the serum were determined by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the DIC group showed elevated levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α in the serum （P<0.01）， and the DIC withdrawal group showcased lowered levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α in the serum （P<0.01）. The levels of IgA， IgG， and IgM in the spleen of rats in the DIC group were decreased （P<0.01）， while those in the DIC withdrawal group were recovered （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Untargeted metabolomics of the serum and spleen screened out 14 common differential metabolites and 14 common metabolic pathways. The Spearman correlation analysis between differential metabolites and inflammatory factors identified PC （32∶0）， LysoPC （20∶4/0∶0）， LysoPC （P-18∶0/0∶0）， taurochenodeoxycholic acid， taurocholic acid， LysoPC ［20∶5（5Z，8Z，11Z，14Z，17Z）/0∶0］， chenodeoxycholic acid， arachidonic acid， LysoPC （18∶0/0∶0）， LysoPC （15∶0/0∶0）， LysoPC （16∶0/0∶0）， and LysoPC （17∶0/0∶0） as the biomarkers of immunotoxicity induced by DIC in SD rats. In the process of immunotoxicity caused by DIC， lipid metabolism disorders such as glycerophospholipid metabolism， primary bile acid metabolism， and arachidonic acid metabolism were enriched， which was consistent with the DIC-induced inflammatory factors and pathological characteristics of the spleen. Compared with the blank group， the DIC group exhibited up-regulated mRNA levels of IL-1β， TNF-α， LPCAT2， and FXR （P<0.01）， and the up-regulation was decreased in the withdrawal group （P<0.01）. ConclusionDIC can lead to immune and inflammatory disorders. DIC withdrawal can regulate the expression of biomarkers related to serum and spleen metabolites， regulate the inflammatory metabolic pathway， reduce the inflammation level， and alleviate the metabolic disorders， thus attenuating the potential toxicity induced by DIC.

In this study, the pharmacokinetic characteristics and tissue distribution of cannabidiol(CBD)/γ-polyglutamic acid-g-cholesterol(γ-PGA-g-CHOL) nanomicelles [CBD/(γ-PGA-g-CHOL)NMs] were investigated by pharmacokinetic experiments, and the effect of CBD/(γ-PGA-g-CHOL)NMs on the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammatory damage of cells was evaluated by cell experiments. CBD/(γ-PGA-g-CHOL)NMs were prepared by dialysis. The CBD concentrations in the plasma samples of male SD rats treated with CBD and CBD/(γ-PGA-g-CHOL)NMs were investigated, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and compared. UPLC-MS/MS was employed to determine the concentration of CBD in tissue samples. The heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and muscle samples were collected at different time points to explore the tissue distribution of CBD and CBD/(γ-PGA-g-CHOL)NMs. The Caco-2 cell model of LPS-induced inflammation was established, and the cell viability, transepithelial electrical resistance(TEER), and secretion levels of inflammatory cytokines were determined to compare the anti-inflammatory activity between the two groups. The results showed that CBD/(γ-PGA-g-CHOL)NMs had the average particle size of(163.1±2.3)nm, drug loading of 8.78%±0.28%, and encapsulation rate of 84.46%±0.35%. Compared with CBD, CBD/(γ-PGA-g-CHOL)NMs showed increased peak concentration(C_(max)) and prolonged peak time(t_(max)) and mean residence time(MRT_(0-t)). Within 24 h, the tissue distribution concentration of CBD/(γ-PGA-g-CHOL)NMs was higher than that of CBD. In addition, both CBD and CBD/(γ-PGA-g-CHOL)NMs significantly enhanced Caco-2 cell viability and TEER, lowered the secretion levels of inflammatory cytokines, and alleviated inflammation. Moreover, CBD/(γ-PGA-g-CHOL)NMs demonstrated stronger anti-inflammatory effect. It can be inferred that γ-PGA-g-CHOL blank nanomicelles are good carriers of CBD, being capable of prolonging the circulation time of CBD in the blood, improving the bioavailability and tissue distribution concentration of CBD, and protecting against LPS-induced inflammatory injury. The findings can provide an experimental basis for the development and clinical application of oral CBD preparations.
Animals ; Cannabidiol/administration & dosage* ; Polyglutamic Acid/analogs & derivatives* ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage* ; Micelles ; Caco-2 Cells ; Cholesterol/pharmacokinetics* ; Tissue Distribution ; Nanoparticles/chemistry*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the chain mediating role of family care and emotional management in the relationship between social support and anxiety among rural primary school students. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted among students in grades 4 to 6 from four counties in Hunan Province. Data were collected using the Social Support Rating Scale, Family Care Index Scale, Emotional Intelligence Scale, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder -7. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of anxiety symptoms. Mediation analysis was conducted to assess the chain mediating effects of family care and emotional management between social support and anxiety. RESULTS: A total of 4 141 questionnaires were distributed, with 3 874 valid responses (effective response rate: 93.55%). The prevalence rate of anxiety symptoms among these students was 9.32% (95%CI: 8.40%-10.23%). Significant differences were observed in the prevalence rates of anxiety symptoms among groups with different levels of social support, family functioning, and emotional management ability (P<0.05). The total indirect effect of social support on anxiety symptoms via family care and emotional management was significant (β=-0.137, 95%CI: -0.167 to -0.109), and the direct effect of social support on anxiety symptoms remained significant (P<0.05). Family care and emotional management served as significant chain mediators in the relationship between social support and anxiety symptoms (β=-0.025,95%CI:-0.032 to -0.018), accounting for 14.5% of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS Social support can directly affect anxiety symptoms among rural primary school students and can also indirectly influence anxiety symptoms through the chain mediating effects of family care and emotional management. These findings provide scientific evidence for the prevention of anxiety in primary school students from multiple perspectives.
Humans ; Female ; Male ; Social Support ; Anxiety/etiology* ; Child ; Students/psychology* ; Emotions ; Logistic Models

OBJECTIVES: With the accelerating aging of the population and the rising prevalence of chronic diseases, the number of patients with pressure injuries (PIs) has increased markedly, prolonging the period of disease-related care. Informal caregivers play a critical role in the daily care of patients with pressure injuries, and their care burden has become increasingly prominent. This study aims to investigate the current status and influencing factors of care burden among informal caregivers of patients with PIs, providing evidence for targeted intervention strategies. METHODS: A total of 170 informal caregivers of patients with PIs were selected by convenience sampling from the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. General demographic and clinical data of both patients and caregivers were collected. The Zarit Caregiver Burden Inventory (ZBI), Knowledge-Attitude-Practice Scale for Informal Caregivers of Patients with PIs, General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and Family Caregiver Task Inventory (FCTI) were used to assess caregiving burden, knowledge-attitude-practice level, self-efficacy, and caregiving ability, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate relationships among ZBI, Knowledge-Attitude-Practice Scale for Informal Caregivers of Patients with PIs, GSES, and FCTI scores. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing caregiving. RESULTS: Among the 170 patients with pressure injuries, the age was (65.52±15.88) years; 118 (69.41%) were male and 52 (30.59%) were female. The duration of PIs was less than 1 month in 108 (63.53%) cases and 1 to 6 months in 40 cases (23.53%). Stage II injuries were predominant (135 cases, 79.41%). A total of 193 pressure injury sites were recorded, most commonly located at the sacrococcygeal region (127 sites, 65.80%), followed by the head (3 sites, 1.55%), shoulder and back (9 sites, 4.66%), feet (24 sites, 12.44%), and other regions (30 sites, 15.55%). Informal caregivers were 48.82% aged 46 to 59 years, 54.71% female, 41.77% primarily spouses and 47.06% children of the patients, and 77.06% lived with the patients. Caregivers who received assistance from others or had higher family per-capita monthly income reported significantly lower caregiver burden scores than those without assistance or with lower income (all P<0.001). The total ZBI score was 50.89±14.95, indicating a moderate burden. The total scores of the Knowledge-Attitude-Practice Scale for Informal Caregivers, GSES, and FCTI were 50.61±7.22, 26.03±7.11, and 14.76±8.70, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that ZBI scores were correlated with scores on the Knowledge-Attitude-Practice Scale for Informal Caregivers of Patients with PIs (r=-0.543, P<0.001), GSES scores (r=-0.545, P<0.001), and FCTI scores (r=0.800, P<0.001). The scores on Knowledge-Attitude-Practice Scale for Informal Caregivers of patients with PIs were correlated with GSES scores (r=0.500, P<0.001) and FCTI scores (r=-0.461, P<0.001); GSES scores was negatively correlated with FCTI scores (r=-0.415, P<0.001). Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that assistance availability, family per-capita monthly income, total scores on the Knowledge-Attitude-Practice Scale for Informal Caregivers of Patients with PIs, total GSES score, and total FCTI score were the main influencing factors of caregiver burden, jointly explaining 79.38% of its variance. CONCLUSIONS The main factors influencing the caregiving burden of informal caregivers of patients with PIs include the availability of assistance, family per-capita monthly income, total score on the Knowledge-Attitude-Practice Scale for Informal Caregivers of PI patients, total score on the GSES, and total score on the FCTI. Developing targeted intervention strategies addressing these factors may help alleviate the caregiving burden among informal caregivers of patients with PIs.
Humans ; Caregivers/psychology* ; Pressure Ulcer/nursing* ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Cost of Illness ; Adult ; Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Self Efficacy ; Caregiver Burden ; China

The influenza A virus (IAV), renowned for its high contagiousness and potential to catalyze global pandemics, poses significant challenges due to the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Given the critical role of RNA polymerase in IAV replication, it stands out as a promising target for anti-IAV therapies. In this study, we identified a novel C-3-substituted oleanolic acid benzyl amide derivative, A5, as a potent inhibitor of the PA_C-PB1_N polymerase subunit interaction, with an IC₅₀ value of 0.96 ± 0.21 μmol/L. A5 specifically targets the highly conserved PA_C domain and demonstrates remarkable efficacy against both laboratory-adapted and clinically isolated IAV strains, including multidrug-resistant strains, with EC₅₀ values ranging from 0.60 to 1.83 μmol/L. Notably, when combined with oseltamivir, A5 exhibits synergistic effects both in vitro and in vivo. In a murine model, dose-dependent administration of A5 leads to a significant reduction in IAV titers, resulting in a high survival rate among treated mice. Additionally, A5 treatment inhibits virus-induced Toll-like receptor 4 activation, attenuates cytokine responses, and protects against IAV-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages. In summary, A5 emerges as a novel inhibitor with high efficiency and broad-spectrum anti-influenza activity.

OBJECTIVE To study the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of cannabidiol（CBD）-cholesterol succinate monoester-g-carboxymethyl chitosan （CCMC） nano-micelles in rats， and to evaluate its anti-inflammatory effect. METHODS CBD- CCMC nano-micelles were prepared by dialysis method and the properties were characterized. SD rats were divided into CBD group and CBD-CCMC nano-micelles group with 6 rats in each group. The rats were given 100 mg/kg CBD and CBD-CCMC nano- micelle by intragastric administration， respectively （based on the CBD load）. Blood was collected from the posterior ophthalmic venous plexus at 0.5， 1， 1.33， 1.5， 1.75， 2， 4， 8， 24， 48 h after administration. The heart， liver， spleen， lung， kidney and muscle tissues of rats were separated at 0.25， 1.5， 10 and 24 h after administration of CBD and CBD-CCMC nano-micelle with the same dose. The drug content in plasma and tissues was determined， the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated， and the tissue distribution was analyzed. The inflammatory model of Caco-2 cells was induced by lipopolysaccharide， after 24 h of treatment with 5， 10， and 15 µg/mL CBD and CBD-CCMC nanomicelles （based on loaded CBD）， its anti-inflammatory activity was investigated by measuring cell viability， transepithelial electrical resistance （TEER） and inflammatory cytokines IL-1β， IL-8 and TNF-α. RESULTS The prepared CBD- CCMC nano-micelles had a particle size of （230.6±1.8） nm， a polydispersity index of 0.170±0.053， a Zeta potential of （－13.5± 1.2） mV， an encapsulation rate of （86.35±0.56）% and a drug loading of （9.18±0.32）%， respectively； the solubility was 68.240 μg/mL. The pharmacokinetic results showed that the AUC0-48 h， AUC0-∞， half-life time and peak concentration of CBD-CCMC nano- micelle group were significantly increased/extended compared with CBD group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The results of the tissue distribution study showed that at the same time point， the drug distribution concentration of CBD-CCMC nanomicelles in the rat tissue was higher than that in the CBD group. Research on anti-inflammatory effects shows that compared with CBD of the same mass concentration, CBD-CCMC nano-micelles can significantly increase cell viability （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， enhance TEER， and reduce the levels of IL-8， IL-1β and TNF-α in cells （P＜0.01）， and the secretion levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-8， IL-1β and TNF- α were significantly decreased （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS CBD-CCMC nano-micelles can increase the plasma concentration and tissue distribution concentration of CBD， and improve anti-inflammatory activity of CBD.

Epidural labor analgesia aims to provide effective medical services to alleviate labor pain in parturients, while adhering to the principles of voluntary participation and clinical safety. In 2018, Peking Union Medical College Hospital(PUMCH)became one of the first pilot units for labor analgesia in China, and has achieved satisfactory results in high-quality development of labor analgesia. This article mainly introduces the achievements and experience of labor analgesia at PUMCH, including: (1) prioritizing maternal and infant safety, arranging personnel rationally, and developing standardized treatment processes through multidisciplinary collaboration to ensure safe and comfortable childbirth; (2) leveraging the hospital's comprehensive capabilities in emergency treatment, and improving collaborative rescue plans for critically ill parturients and newborns; (3) implementing advanced teaching methods to effectively train and conduct simulated drills for labor analgesia and rescue of critically ill parturients; (4) conducting patient education and informative lectures to help parturients acquire a scientific understanding of labor analgesia. We hope that this experience can provide reference and inspiration for other hospitals.