BACKGROUND:Titanium alloys lack biological activity when used as orthopedic implants,which can lead to implant loosening and periprosthetic infection.Therefore,it is of great significance to study a titanium alloy surface modification method that combines osteogenic and anti-infection functions.OBJECTIVE:To study the physical and chemical properties of titanium alloy modified with copper and strontium binary doped calcium silicate composite coating,and to evaluate its bone-promoting and antibacterial potential.METHODS:Ball milling and granulation methods were used to prepare composite powder containing copper oxide(CuO),strontium oxide(SrO),and calcium silicate(CS).A copper-strontium binary doped calcium silicate composite coating was prepared on the surface of titanium alloy(Ti6Al4V)through atmospheric plasma spraying technology.The composite coating was characterized.The titanium alloy extract,calcium silicate coating modified titanium alloy extract,copper-doped calcium silicate composite coating modified titanium alloy extract,and copper-strontium binary doped calcium silicate composite coating modified titanium alloy extract were co-cultured with MC3T3-E1 cells to detect the biosafety and osteogenic properties of the materials.Staphylococcus aureus(or Escherichia coli)were co-cultured with titanium alloy,calcium silicate coating modified titanium alloy,copper-doped calcium silicate composite coating modified titanium alloy,and copper-strontium binary doped calcium silicate composite coating modified titanium alloy.The in vitro antibacterial properties of the materials were detected by scanning electron microscopy and plate counting method.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Scanning electron microscopy showed that a large number of nanostructures existed on the rough surface of the copper-strontium binary doped calcium silicate composite coating.The composite coating was successfully sprayed on the surface of titanium alloy.The composite coating could slowly release Sr2+and Cu2+in vitro.The release concentration of Sr2+was greater than that of Cu2+.(2)CCK-8 assay and cell live/dead staining results showed that the copper-doped calcium silicate composite coating modified titanium alloy had certain cytotoxicity.The calcium silicate coating and the copper-strontium binary doped calcium silicate composite coating modified titanium alloy had good biocompatibility.Alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining results showed that compared with titanium alloy and calcium silicate coating modified titanium alloy,copper strontium binary doped calcium silicate composite coating modified titanium alloy showed better osteogenic properties.(3)The results of scanning electron microscopy,bacterial coating,and bacterial counting method showed that compared with titanium alloy and calcium silicate coating modified titanium alloy,copper-doped calcium silicate composite coating and copper strontium binary doped calcium silicate composite coating modified titanium alloy can effectively inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,showing antibacterial potential.(4)The results indicate that copper strontium binary doped calcium silicate composite coating modified titanium sheet has good biocompatibility,osteogenic and antibacterial properties.

Oral hairy leukoplakia is an oral mucosal disease caused by Epstein-Barr virusinfection of oral squamous epithelial cells.Oral hairy leukoplakia presents as a non-removable,corrugated and wrinkled white plaque sometimes with hair-like projections,typical-ly occurring on the border of the tongue.It is commonly found in patients infected by human immunodeficiency virus,and it can also be seen in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients who are not infected by human immunodeficiency virus.The pathogenesis of oral hairy leukoplakia is still unclear,and anti-EBV therapy is the main treatment for oral hairy leukoplakia at present.This paper will review the etiology,pathogenesis,risk factors,epidemiology,clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment of oral hairy leuko-plakia.

OBJECTIVE To explore the prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis among the patients with chronic cervicitis(CC)and observe their drug resistance to commonly used antibiotics.METHODS A total of 91 patients with CC who were treated in gynecology department of Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University from Jan.2022 to Jun.2024 were assigned as the CC group,meanwhile,91 healthy women who received physical examination were chosen as the control group.The genital tract secretions were collected from all of the research subjects for the culture of U.urealyticum and M.hominis and drug suscep-tibility testing.The isolation rates of U.urealyticum,M.hominis and U.urealyticum plus M.hominis were com-pared between the two groups.The isolation rates of U.urealyticum and M.hominis were compared among the different age groups of CC patients.The drug susceptibility testing of U.urealyticu m and M.hominis for doxycyc-line(DOX),josamycin(JOS),ofloxacin(OFL),clarithromycin(CLA),erythromycin(ERY),tetracycline(TET),azithromycin(AZI)and pristinamycin(PTN)were observed.RESULTS Totally 75(82.41％)genital tract secretion samples tested positive for Mycoplasma among the 91 samples,37 detected with U.urealyticum,25 were M.hominis,and 13 were U.urealyticum plus M.hominis.The isolation rates of U.urealyticum,M.hominis and U.urealyticum plus M.hominis of the CC group were 40.66％,24.47％and 14.29％,respective-ly,higher than 8.79％,4.40％and 5.49％of the control group(P＜0.05).The total detection rate of U.urealyti-cum,M.hominis and U.urealyticum plus M.hominis was higher among the CC patients aged between 20 and 40 years old than among the CC patients aged more than 40 years old(P＜0.05).The U.urealyticum strains from the positive specimens of the CC patients were highly sensitive to CL A and DOS but were resistant to OFL,CIP and PTN;the M.honinis and U.urealyticum plus M.hominis strains were sensitive to JOS and DOX but were resistant to OFL and CIP.CONCLUSIONS The detection rates of U.urealyticum plus M.hominis are higher a-mong the CC patients than among the normal population.The isolated U.urealyticum and M.hominis strains are highly resistant to quinolones and aminoglycosides.It is necessary for the hospital to empirically choose sensitive antibiotics based on the result of drug susceptibility testing.

Oral hairy leukoplakia is an oral mucosal disease caused by Epstein-Barr virusinfection of oral squamous epithelial cells.Oral hairy leukoplakia presents as a non-removable,corrugated and wrinkled white plaque sometimes with hair-like projections,typical-ly occurring on the border of the tongue.It is commonly found in patients infected by human immunodeficiency virus,and it can also be seen in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients who are not infected by human immunodeficiency virus.The pathogenesis of oral hairy leukoplakia is still unclear,and anti-EBV therapy is the main treatment for oral hairy leukoplakia at present.This paper will review the etiology,pathogenesis,risk factors,epidemiology,clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment of oral hairy leuko-plakia.

OBJECTIVE To explore the prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis among the patients with chronic cervicitis(CC)and observe their drug resistance to commonly used antibiotics.METHODS A total of 91 patients with CC who were treated in gynecology department of Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University from Jan.2022 to Jun.2024 were assigned as the CC group,meanwhile,91 healthy women who received physical examination were chosen as the control group.The genital tract secretions were collected from all of the research subjects for the culture of U.urealyticum and M.hominis and drug suscep-tibility testing.The isolation rates of U.urealyticum,M.hominis and U.urealyticum plus M.hominis were com-pared between the two groups.The isolation rates of U.urealyticum and M.hominis were compared among the different age groups of CC patients.The drug susceptibility testing of U.urealyticu m and M.hominis for doxycyc-line(DOX),josamycin(JOS),ofloxacin(OFL),clarithromycin(CLA),erythromycin(ERY),tetracycline(TET),azithromycin(AZI)and pristinamycin(PTN)were observed.RESULTS Totally 75(82.41％)genital tract secretion samples tested positive for Mycoplasma among the 91 samples,37 detected with U.urealyticum,25 were M.hominis,and 13 were U.urealyticum plus M.hominis.The isolation rates of U.urealyticum,M.hominis and U.urealyticum plus M.hominis of the CC group were 40.66％,24.47％and 14.29％,respective-ly,higher than 8.79％,4.40％and 5.49％of the control group(P＜0.05).The total detection rate of U.urealyti-cum,M.hominis and U.urealyticum plus M.hominis was higher among the CC patients aged between 20 and 40 years old than among the CC patients aged more than 40 years old(P＜0.05).The U.urealyticum strains from the positive specimens of the CC patients were highly sensitive to CL A and DOS but were resistant to OFL,CIP and PTN;the M.honinis and U.urealyticum plus M.hominis strains were sensitive to JOS and DOX but were resistant to OFL and CIP.CONCLUSIONS The detection rates of U.urealyticum plus M.hominis are higher a-mong the CC patients than among the normal population.The isolated U.urealyticum and M.hominis strains are highly resistant to quinolones and aminoglycosides.It is necessary for the hospital to empirically choose sensitive antibiotics based on the result of drug susceptibility testing.

BACKGROUND:Titanium alloys lack biological activity when used as orthopedic implants,which can lead to implant loosening and periprosthetic infection.Therefore,it is of great significance to study a titanium alloy surface modification method that combines osteogenic and anti-infection functions.OBJECTIVE:To study the physical and chemical properties of titanium alloy modified with copper and strontium binary doped calcium silicate composite coating,and to evaluate its bone-promoting and antibacterial potential.METHODS:Ball milling and granulation methods were used to prepare composite powder containing copper oxide(CuO),strontium oxide(SrO),and calcium silicate(CS).A copper-strontium binary doped calcium silicate composite coating was prepared on the surface of titanium alloy(Ti6Al4V)through atmospheric plasma spraying technology.The composite coating was characterized.The titanium alloy extract,calcium silicate coating modified titanium alloy extract,copper-doped calcium silicate composite coating modified titanium alloy extract,and copper-strontium binary doped calcium silicate composite coating modified titanium alloy extract were co-cultured with MC3T3-E1 cells to detect the biosafety and osteogenic properties of the materials.Staphylococcus aureus(or Escherichia coli)were co-cultured with titanium alloy,calcium silicate coating modified titanium alloy,copper-doped calcium silicate composite coating modified titanium alloy,and copper-strontium binary doped calcium silicate composite coating modified titanium alloy.The in vitro antibacterial properties of the materials were detected by scanning electron microscopy and plate counting method.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Scanning electron microscopy showed that a large number of nanostructures existed on the rough surface of the copper-strontium binary doped calcium silicate composite coating.The composite coating was successfully sprayed on the surface of titanium alloy.The composite coating could slowly release Sr2+and Cu2+in vitro.The release concentration of Sr2+was greater than that of Cu2+.(2)CCK-8 assay and cell live/dead staining results showed that the copper-doped calcium silicate composite coating modified titanium alloy had certain cytotoxicity.The calcium silicate coating and the copper-strontium binary doped calcium silicate composite coating modified titanium alloy had good biocompatibility.Alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining results showed that compared with titanium alloy and calcium silicate coating modified titanium alloy,copper strontium binary doped calcium silicate composite coating modified titanium alloy showed better osteogenic properties.(3)The results of scanning electron microscopy,bacterial coating,and bacterial counting method showed that compared with titanium alloy and calcium silicate coating modified titanium alloy,copper-doped calcium silicate composite coating and copper strontium binary doped calcium silicate composite coating modified titanium alloy can effectively inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,showing antibacterial potential.(4)The results indicate that copper strontium binary doped calcium silicate composite coating modified titanium sheet has good biocompatibility,osteogenic and antibacterial properties.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of modified Guizhi Fulingwan in preventing colorectal adenoma （CRA） in mice by regulating mitochondrial apoptosis pathway through the regulation of the phosphatase and tensin homolog （PTEN）/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） pathway. MethodSixty SPF-grade male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into six groups： Normal group， model group， low， medium， and high dose groups of modified Guizhi Fulingwan （13， 26， 52 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and positive control aspirin group （0.015 g·kg^-1·d^-1）. A mouse model of CRA was chemically induced using azoxymethane （AOM） and dextran sulfate sodium （DSS）. During the modeling process， mice received modified Guizhi Fulingwan or aspirin. Body weight of mice was measured weekly during the treatment. After 9 weeks， the number of adenomas formed was observed. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the histopathologic changes in adenoma tissues. The expression of Cyclin D₁ and proliferative nuclear antigen （Ki67） was detected by immunohistochemistry （IHC）. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） was used to assess the apoptosis in adenoma tissues. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot were used to observe the mRNA and protein expression levels of PTEN， PI3K， Akt， phosphorylated PI3K （p-PI3K）， phosphorylated Akt （p-Akt）， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax）， cytochrome C （Cyt C）， Caspase-9， and caspase-3. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed no significant change in body weight from week 1 to week 2， but a significant decrease from week 3 to week 9 （P<0.05，P<0.01）. The colorectal length was significantly shortened， and the colorectal weight increased with visible varying sized tumor-like protrusions on the mucosal surface （P<0.01）. Serum levels of TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β were elevated （P<0.01）. Histopathology showed disordered epithelial gland structure， elongated nuclei with pathological mitosis， and numerous lymphocytic infiltrations in the lamina propria. The positive expression rates of Cyclin D₁ and Ki67 were significantly increased （P<0.01）， while the apoptosis rate of adenoma cells was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Expression levels of PI3K， Akt， Bcl-2 mRNA and proteins， as well as p-PI3K and p-Akt proteins， were significantly increased （P<0.01）， whereas PTEN， Bax， Cyt C， Caspase-9， and Caspase-3 mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， all drug treatment groups showed an increase in body weight （P<0.01）， decreased intestinal weight， increased colorectal length， reduced number of adenomas significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and significantly lowered serum levels of TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β （P<0.01）. Histopathology indicated improved glandular structure and reduced neutrophil infiltration in the mucosal lamina propria. The positive expression rates of Cyclin D₁ and Ki67 significantly decreased （P<0.01）， while the apoptosis rate of adenoma cells significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Expression levels of PI3K， Akt， Bcl-2 mRNA and proteins， and p-PI3K and p-Akt proteins were significantly reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while PTEN， Bax， Cyt C， Caspase-9， and Caspase-3 mRNA and protein levels significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The high-dose modified Guizhi Fulingwan group exhibited the most significant intervention effects. ConclusionModified Guizhi Fulingwan may prevent CRA in mice by regulating the PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and inducing the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.

This paper introduces the concept of natural language processing, summarizes the status quo and advantages of the application of natural language processing based on electronic health records in symptom management of cancer patients, points out the existing shortcomings, and puts forward corresponding suggestions, aiming to provide reference for further improving the quality of nursing services for cancer patients in China and promoting the informatization and digitization of hospice care.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of Shuo Tong ureteroscopy(ST-URS) and flexible ureteroscope(FURS)combined with holmium laser lithotripsy in the treatment of upper ureteral calculi with CT numerical value ≥ 1000 HU.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of patients of upper ureteral calculi with CT numberical value≥1000 HU in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University was made from January 2018 to November 2020.There were 61 cases treated with ShuoTong ureteroscopy holmium laser lithotripsy (ST-URS group), including 45 males and 16 females, with 40 on the left and 21 on the right, age of(48.3±12.7) years, body mass index of(24.7±2.7)kg/m 2, the diameter of stone of(1.50±0.45)cm, and the CT numberical value of(1 288.8±179.0)(1 017-1 738)HU. There were 87 cases were treated with flexible ureteroscopy holmium laser lithotripsy (FURS group), including 58 males and 29 females, with 56 on the left and 31 on the right, age of(48.5±13.0) years, body mass index of(24.1±3.8)kg/m 2, the stone diameter of(1.45±0.40)cm, and the CT numberical value of(1 311.3±188.9)(1 009-1 817)HU. There were no significant differences in gender, age, body mass index, the location of stone, the diameter of stone and the CT numberical value of stone( P>0.05)between the two groups. For ST-URS group, a rigid ureteral channel sheath and standard mirror(F7.5/11.5)were placed under direct vision, exiting the standard mirror, leaving the channel sheath, inserting a lithotripsy mirror(F4.5/6.5)and a holmium laser[Power: 8-30 W(0.4-1.0 J/20-30 Hz)], and withdrawing the stone fragments after crushing the stone by "nibbling method" . For FURS group, a hard ureteroscope(F8/9.8)was used to explore the lesion side of the ureter, inserting a guide wire and placing a soft ureteral sheath, then inserting a flexible ureteroscope(F8)for holmium laser lithotripsy, and useing a stone basket to remove larger stone fragments. Ureteral stent was routinely indwelled after the operation. On the day 1 and 1 month after the operation, imaging examinations were performed to evaluate the stone-free rate. No residual stones or the diameter of stone was ≤0.4 cm and no urinary tract infection or any symptoms were defined as stone free. The operation time, blood loss, success rate of stage Ⅰ ureteral access sheath placement, incidence of postoperative complications, stone-free rate(SFR) at 1 day after operation, SFR at 1 month after operation, postoperative hospital stay and hospitalization costs were compared between the two groups. According to the size of calculi, the 2 groups were divided into 2 subgroups(≥1.5 cm and <1.5 cm)in order to make further analysis. The operation time, stone-free rate(SFR) at day 1 after operation and SFR at 1 month after operation were compared between the two groups. Results:The operation time of the ST-URS group was shorter than the FURS group(40.10 min vs. 49.43 min, P=0.020), and the incidence of postoperative complications was lower than the FURS group[3.28%(2/61)vs. 13.79%(12/87), P=0.031]. The SFR at day 1 after operation was significantly higher than the FURS group[60.7%(37/61)vs. 25.3%(22/87), P<0.01], and the hospitalization cost was lower than that of the FURS group(27 686 yuan vs. 32 281 yuan, P<0.010). There were no significant differences in the blood loss[(4.92±9.51)ml vs.(3.95±6.04)ml, P=0.452], success rate of stageⅠureteral access sheath placement[ 96.7%(59/61)vs. 96.6%(84/87), P=1.000], SFR at 1 month after operation[81.97%(50/61) vs. 75.86%(66/87), P=0.375] and postoperative hospital stay[(2.5±1.4)d vs.(2.4±0.8)d, P=0.543] between the two groups. When the size of calculi was ≥1.5cm, the operation time of the ST-URS group was shorter than the FURS group (43.67 min vs 55.00 min), the SFR at 1 day after operation was higher than the FURS group[40.00%(12/30)vs. 9.38%(3/32)], and the above differences are all statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with the FURS, for the treatment of upper ureteral calculi with CT numerical value ≥1000 HU, the ST-URS has shorter in operative time, lower in hospitalization cost and incidence of postoperative complications and higher SFR at day 1 after operation. The ST-URS is a safe and effective surgical technique, which is superior in the treatment of larger(≥1.5 cm) stones.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) products could be registered as natural health products (NHPs) in Canada. Its registration process could be mainly divided into simple-application, traditional-application and non-traditional application. By analyzingi the TCM registration evidence system and its safety, effectiveness and quality required by different registration categories in Canada, we found that "simple-application" procesure needs to submit evidence based on the parameters of a component in the monograph. As for "traditional application", TCM products need to be used at least 50 years with, traditional material or Pharmacopoeia can be used as evidence; As for non-traditional application, TCM products need to provide evidence according to the disease risk level, and most of them need to provide scientific experiment evidence. Therefore, from the experience of TCM registration evidence system in Canada, the registration of TCM products should pay attention to improve the its classification method, refining its evidence requirements and data types, promoting the formulation of monograph of TCM, realizing the scientific evaluation and rapid review of classic famous prescriptions, and promoting the inheritance and innovative development of TCM in China.