Introduction Birch trees are widely distributed across Asia and Europe. The biologically active compounds found in the bark of white birch (Betula platyphylla Sukacz) vary depending on the region’s climatic conditions. The betulin found in bark B. platyphylla Sukacz has attracted significant attention from researchers. Thus, the purpose of this study is to compile a review of information and research materials regarding the biologically active compounds in the bark of B. platyphylla and their medicinal effects. Studies have identified biologically active compounds in birch bark, including lupeol, betulin, betulin aldehyde, betulinic acid, betulonic aldehyde, betulonic acid, betulon, β-amyrin, oleanolic aldehyde, oleanolic acid, monolignol, acetyl ursolic acid, α, β-trans-bergamot, α-santalene, lignin, and others. Betulin and lupeol are found in the highest concentrations in the outer layers of the bark. In Mongolia, studies determined that extracting B. platyphylla bark with alkaline ethanol for 5 hours yielded 25% betulin and 5% lupeol. In traditional medicine, birch bark is used for treating abscesses, scabies, pneumonia, liver and gallbladder dysfunction, kidney inflammation, promoting bile and urine excretion, reducing swelling, stimulating hair growth, and removing freckles and spots. In our country, relatively few studies have been conducted on the bark of the B. platyphylla. Therefore, further studies on biologically active compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and tannins are necessary