Background: Chickenpox (varicella) is an acute viral respiratory infection transmitted from person to person through airborne droplets. It is characterized by a typical vesicular rash affecting the skin and mucous membranes. Varicella is highly contagious, with secondary attack rates ranging from 61% to 100% among susceptible household contacts. Goal: This study aimed to compare the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox in Uvurkhangai province before, during, and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as the incidence has exceeded the national average in recent years. Material and Method: A total of 1,804 chickenpox cases registered in Uvurkhangai province between 2017 and 2024 were obtained from the H-Info surveillance database. The study period was categorized into three phases: pre-pandemic (2017–2019), pandemic (2020–2022), and post-pandemic (2023–2024). Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel, ArcGIS, and RStudio to compare temporal, demographic, and geographic patterns. Result: The incidence of chickenpox in Uvurkhangai province decreased 2.7-fold during the pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic period and increased 1.8-fold in the post-pandemic period. Before the pandemic, the highest proportion of cases occurred among kindergarten-aged children (2–4 years). During and after the pandemic, school-aged children (5–9 years) accounted for the largest proportion of cases. Across all study periods, the highest numbers of cases were reported in the densely populated soums of Arvaikheer and Kharkhorin. Significant changes in age distribution and socioeconomic characteristics were observed compared with the pre-pandemic period (p < 0.001). Chickenpox cases were most frequently reported during the winter and spring seasons. Conclusions Chickenpox cases are most common among school- and kindergarten-aged children in the densely populated soums of Arvaikheer and Kharkhorin, particularly during the winter and spring seasons. Strengthening surveillance and implementing targeted preventive measures in schools and kindergartens are essential to reduce the risk of future outbreaks.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the diameters of the bony nasolacrimal canal by computed tomography in normal adult Mongolian population and the effect of gender and age on the nasolacrimal canal diameter. Methods: Using standart tomographic images, we measured the diameters, angle between the bony canal and nasal floor and length of the bony nasolacrimal duct in 150 patients without nasolacrimal duct disease. Results: The anterioposterior diameter of the bony nasolacrimal canal was 6.49± 1.06mm, transverse diameter was 4.56±0.9mm, angle between the bony canal and nasal floor was 69.6±8.1o. No significant difference in anterioposterior diameter and transverse diameter in gender. The angle between the bony canal and nasal floor was significantly greater in male. Conclusions This study may contribute to the establishment of a detailed anatomical and morphometric baseline of the bony nasolacrimal canal and provide useful information for the planning of interventions for nasolacrimal duct obstruction

Introduction: Hysterectomy is second mostfrequent gynecological operation. Historicallythe uterus has been removed by either theabdominal or vaginal route. The vaginaloperation is preferable when there are nocontraindications because of lower morbidityand quicker recovery. Since it was first reportedby Reich et al in 1989 laparoscopically assistedvaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) has gainedwidespread acceptance. To compare totallaparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH), laparoscopicassistedvaginal hysterectomy(LAVH), vaginalhysterectomy (VH) and total abdominalhysterectomy(TAH).Materials and methods: A prospective,randomized study was performed atGynecologic Surgery Department of NationalCancer Center of Mongolia between March2013 and January 2014. A total of 120 womenindicated to undergo hysterectomy for cervixcancer stage 0-1, uterine myoma, uterinecancer were randomly assigned to fourdifferent groups (30 VH, 30 LAVH,30 TLH and30 TAH). Operating time, blood loss, rate ofcomplications, consumption of analgesics andlength of hospital stay were measured in eachgroup.Results: In our research the groups weresignificantly different for mean intraoperativeblood loss were TLH:119+/-54.7mL, LAVH:127.5+/-52.7 mL, VH; 145+/-57.8 mL andTAH: 210+/-77.4mL (P=.007) and operativetime were TLH 115+/-16.6 minutes LAVH:112.5 +/-18.5 minutes; VH: 51.6 +/-16.9minutes;TAH:69+/-18.2 (P = .001). Theaverage weight of uterine were from 95.1+/-27.6mg (range 58-140) in the VH group ,to 181.2+/-97 (range 76-400g) in the LAVHgroup through to 122.3+/-64 for the TAHgroup. Postoperative pain on day 0 and thetotal abdominal group were 5.5+/-0.7 days ofanalgesic request it was higher than other threegroups (TLH: 3.0+/-0.8days, LAVH: 3.08+/-0.7days, VH: 3.0+/-0.86 days P<.001). LAVHwas associated with a reduced hospital stay(TLH: 3.3+/- 0.7, LAVH: 3.3 +/- 0.6 days;VH: 3.7 +/- 0.6 days;TAH:6.5+/-0.7 P <.001). Total Laparoscopic hysterectomy hadlongest operating time (115+/- 16.6min), a lowcomplication rate, lack of severe post-operativecomplications. Vaginal hysterectomy had theshortest operating time (51.6+/-16.9min).However, there were technical problems withsalpingo-oophorectomy from the vaginalapproach and this group had a significantlyhigher rate of febrile complications (20%)compared to LAVH (2.3%) and TAH (16%).Conclusion: Even though operative timefor VH is less than TLH, there is a technical problem known as salpingo-oophorectomy.TLH and LAVH have number of advantagesincluding less interaoperative blood lose, lesspostoperative analgesic requirement, andshorter duration of postoperative hospitalstays.

BACKGROUND: Hysterectomy is second most frequent gynecological operation. Historically the uterushas been removed by either the abdominal or vaginal route. The vaginal operation is preferablewhen there are no contraindications because of lower morbidity and quicker recovery. Since it wasfirst reported by Reich et al in 1989 laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) hasgained widespread acceptance.OBJECTIVES: To compare the outcome measures which including operating time, blood loss, rateof complications, consumption of analgesics, and length of hospital stay of total laparoscopichysterectomy (TLH), laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy(LAVH), vaginal hysterectomy(VH) and total abdominal hysterectomy(TAH).METHODS: A prospective, randomized study was performed at Gynecologic Surgery Department ofNational Cancer Center of Mongolia between March 2013 and January 2014. A total of 110 womenindicated to undergo hysterectomy for cervix cancer stage 0-1, uterine myoma, and uterine cancerwere randomly assigned to four different groups (30 VH, 30 LAVH, 20 TLH and 30 TAH).RESULTS: In our research the groups were significantly different for mean intraoperative blood losswere TLH: 119+/-54.7mL, LAVH: 127.5+/-52.7 mL, VH; 145+/-57.8 mL and TAH: 210+/-77.4mL(P=.007) and operative time were TLH 115+/-16.6 minutes LAVH: 112.5 +/-18.5 minutes; VH:51.6 +/-16.9 minutes; TAH: 69+/-18.2 (P = .001). The average weight of uterine were from 95.1+/-27.6mg (range 58-140) in the VH group, to 181.2+/-97 (range 76-400g) in the LAVH group throughto 122.3+/-64 for the TAH group. Postoperative pain on day 0 and the total abdominal group were5.5+/-0.7 days of analgesic request it was higher than other three groups (TLH: 3.0+/-0.8days,LAVH: 3.08+/-0.7days, VH: 3.0+/-0.86days P <.001). LAVH was associated with a reduced hospitalstay (TLH: 3.3+/- 0.7, LAVH: 3.3 +/- 0.6 days; VH: 3.7 +/- 0.6 days;TAH:6.5+/-0.7 P < .001). TotalLaparoscopic hysterectomy had longest operating time (115+/- 16.6min), a low complication rate,lack of severe post-operative complications. Vaginal hysterectomy had the shortest operatingtime (51.6+/-16.9min). However, there were technical problems with salpingo-oophorectomy fromthe vaginal approach and this group had a significantly higher rate of febrile complications (20%)compared to LAVH (2.3%) and TAH (16%).CONCLUSION: However TLH, LAVH and VH seem to be operative time, blood loss and hospitalstay, VH were technical problem salpingo-oopheretomy. TLH and the LAVH has advantages overthe TAH in that in the former there is less intraoperative blood loss, less postoperative analgesicrequirement, and a shorter duration of postoperative hospital stays.