ObjectiveTo analyze the incidence and spatiotemporal distribution of typhus fever in Baoshan City, Yunnan Province from 2005 to 2023, to identify high-risk populations and regions, so as to provide a scientific basis for optimizing the allocation of local prevention and control resources and developing targeted intervention measures. MethodsData of typhus fever cases in Baoshan City from 2005 to 2023 were obtained from the Infectious Disease Information Management System of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the temporal, spatial and demographic distribution of typhus fever cases. Spatial clustering was assessed using spatial dynamic window scan statistics (circular and elliptical windows), flexible spatial scan statistics, and local spatial autocorrelation methods (including local Moran’s I, local Geary’s C, and Getis-Ord G_i*). Retrospective spatiotemporal scan statistics were employed to detect spatiotemporal clusters. ResultsA total of 1 099 typhus fever cases were reported in Baoshan City from 2005 to 2023. The incidence rate peaked at 6.31/ 100 000 in 2007, followed by a decline until reaching its lowest level at 0.21/100 000 in 2015 , and subsequently rebounded during 2016‒2023. The highest proportion of cases was among children under 10 years of age (31.12%), and the top three occupations of cases were farmers, students, and children, accounting for 88.62% of all cases. Cases occurred predominantly between June and September each year. The incidence was relatively high in Jiucheng Town (62.58/100 000), Yaoguan Town (57.15/100 000), and Dianyang Town (46.81/100 000) of Shidian County. Spatial clustering analyses indicated that high-risk areas were mainly located in the southern part of Baoshan City, showing a south-to-north trend. Spatiotemporal scan analyses identified five clusters, with the most likely cluster centered around Yaoguan Town, covering ten towns (subdistricts) during the period 2007‒2010. ConclusionThe incidence of typhus fever in Baoshan City exhibits a clear seasonal and spatial clustering pattern, with peak incidence occurring in summer and autumn. Spatially, cases are primarily distributed in the southern part of Baoshan City, and high-risk clusters exhibit a south-to-north trend. Farmers, students, and children are the high-risk groups.

OBJECTIVE： To investigate current status and quality of domestic pharmacoeconomic literatures， and to provide reference for the standardization of pharmacoeconomic research. METHODS： Retrieved from CNKI， Wanfang， VIP and other database， the pharmacoeconomic literatures published from Jan. 2017 to May 2018 were collected. The qualities of literatures were evaluated with Guidelines for Quality Evaluation of Pharmacoeconomics Evaluation Reports （“PEERs” for short）. RESULTS： Totally 160 domestic pharmacoeconomic research literatures were included. The results of PEERs evaluation showed of which the coincidence rate was 32.5％ （52/160）. The literatureswhich were in full compliance （the report had a certain reference value） accounted for 1.3％ （2/160）， which were in basic compliance （the report had certain reference value after being revised） accounted for 31.3％（50/160），which were in non-conformity （the report did not had reference value） accounted for 67.5％（108/160）. Domestic pharmacoeconomic researches were of high quality in terms of research object， evaluation method and content，research purpose，  research design and design type， etc.； but the researches were of low quality in terms of research angle， incremental cost/incremental output analysis， sensitivity analysis and other aspects， and there was no explanation or unclear elaboration. CONCLUSIONS： The quality of domestic pharmacoeconomic research literatures are uneven， and their research quality needs to be further improved. It is recommended to standardize the evaluation of pharmacoeconomics， making the evaluation of pharmacoeconomics more scientific and objective.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of aorta-iliac bypass total thoracoabdominal aorta aneurysm repair to spinal cord function.

METHODSThis was a prospective study. From June 2014 to April 2015, 31 patients underwent total thoracoabdominal aorta aneurysm repair were treated with aorta-iliac bypass technique. There were 23 male and 8 female patients with a mean age of (36±12) years. A 4-branched tetrafurcate graft was used. The aorta-iliac bypass was established, then distal descending aorta was perfused in a retrograde fashion via bypass graft. Thoracic and abdominal aorta were replaced in a staged fashion. Evoked potentials (EP) monitoring was adopted to assess the spinal cord ischemia throughout the procedure. The intraoperative evoked potentials results, clinical outcomes and follow-up results of this technique were evaluated.

RESULTSThe EP wave disappeared after proximal descending aorta clamped and gradually recovered after the patent segmental arteries reattached. Motor evoked potentials disappeared for (56±18) minutes, somatosensory evoked potentials disappeared for (50±19) minutes. The EP wave was restored to normal at the end of operation in all cases. The somatosensory evoked potentials remained unchanged in 2 cases (false negative). One case died after operation. There were acute kidney dysfunction in 3 cases, and pulmonary haemorrhage in 1 case. No spinal cord injure occurred. The median follow-up after operation was 8 months (ranging from 1 to 11 months). There was no delayed neurologic deficit or relative death.

CONCLUSIONSThere is a transient function loss of spinal cord during the aorta-iliac bypass total thoracoabdominal aorta aneurysm repair. But the process is reversible. The technique of the aorta-iliac bypass is practicable.

Adult ; Aorta, Abdominal ; surgery ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal ; surgery ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic ; surgery ; Evoked Potentials, Motor ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Spinal Cord ; physiopathology ; Vascular Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects