Objective To explore the effect of positive ruminative thinking training(PRT)on negative emotions during modified electroconvulsive therapy(MECT)in depression patients.Method A total of 80 patients with depression who received MECT at Ganzhou Third People's Hospital from February 2024 to February 2025 were selected as subjects.Using a random number table method,they were divided into control group(n=40)and observation group(n=40).The control group received standard interventions,while the observation group received PRT in addition to control group's interventions.Both groups continued treatment until the completion of MECT,with all patients receiving 8-12 sessions of MECT.Negative emotions,self-efficacy,and the positive and negative ruminative thinking(PNR)scale were compared between two groups.Before and after intervention,adverse reactions were evaluated in both groups post-treatment.Results After intervention,the scores of anxiety,depression scale,and negative factor rumination thinking in observation group were lower than those in control group.The scores of general self-efficacy scale and positive factor rumination thinking were higher than those in control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The total incidence of adverse reactions in observation group was lower than that in control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion PRT can reduce negative emotions and negative rumination thinking in depression patients during MECT,improve positive rumination thinking and self-efficacy.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of leuprorelin and mifepristone on sex hormone levels， ovarian function， adverse reactions， and recurrence in patients with endometriosis （EMs） after surgery. METHODS A total of 178 patients who underwent surgical treatment for EMs in Ji’an Central People’s Hospital from September 2021 to September 2023 were randomly divided into the leuprorelin group and the mifepristone group， with 92 cases in each group. Medication was initiated on days 1 to 5 of the first menstrual cycle following surgery. Patients in the leuprorelin group received subcutaneous injections of Leuprorelin acetate microspheres， 3.75 mg per time， once every four weeks， for a total of 6 injections. Patients in the mifepristone group took 12.5 mg of Mifepristone capsules orally once daily for six consecutive months. Visual analog scale （VAS）， serum sex hormone levels [follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）， luteinizing hormone （LH）， and estradiol （E2）]， ovarian function indicators [anti- Müllerian hormone （AMH）， antral follicle count （AFC）]， and T helper 1 cell （Th1）/Th2 shift markers [interferon-γ （IFN-γ）， interleukin 2 （IL-2）， IL-4， and IL-10] were compared between the two groups before surgery and after treatment. Incidence and outcome of adverse reactions and recurrence within one year were also compared between the two groups. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in baseline indicators between the two groups before surgery （P＞0.05）. After treatment， both groups showed significantly lower VAS scores for chronic pelvic pain， dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia， and significantly reduced serum FSH， LH， E2， IL-4 and IL-10 levels compared to before surgery （P＜0.05）， while serum IFN-γ and IL-2 levels were significantly increased （P＜0.05）； the leuprorelin group showed significantly greater improvements than the mifepristone group in all these indicators （P＜0.05）. After treatment， serum AMH levels in both groups were significantly lower than before surgery levels， while AFC was significantly increased （P＜0.05）； the leuprorelin group had significantly higher serum AMH levels and more AFC compared to the mifepristone group （P＜0.05）. There were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse reactions and outcome rates between the two groups （P＞0.05）. During one year of follow-up after discontinuation， the recurrence rate in the leuprorelin group was significantly lower than in the mifepristone group （1.15% vs. 10.99%， P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Both leuprorelin and mifepristone are effective therapeutic drugs for EMs， but the former has advantages in alleviating pain， regulating serum sex hormone levels， protecting ovarian function， regulating immune function and reducing recurrence rates.

Objective To explore the effect of positive ruminative thinking training(PRT)on negative emotions during modified electroconvulsive therapy(MECT)in depression patients.Method A total of 80 patients with depression who received MECT at Ganzhou Third People's Hospital from February 2024 to February 2025 were selected as subjects.Using a random number table method,they were divided into control group(n=40)and observation group(n=40).The control group received standard interventions,while the observation group received PRT in addition to control group's interventions.Both groups continued treatment until the completion of MECT,with all patients receiving 8-12 sessions of MECT.Negative emotions,self-efficacy,and the positive and negative ruminative thinking(PNR)scale were compared between two groups.Before and after intervention,adverse reactions were evaluated in both groups post-treatment.Results After intervention,the scores of anxiety,depression scale,and negative factor rumination thinking in observation group were lower than those in control group.The scores of general self-efficacy scale and positive factor rumination thinking were higher than those in control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The total incidence of adverse reactions in observation group was lower than that in control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion PRT can reduce negative emotions and negative rumination thinking in depression patients during MECT,improve positive rumination thinking and self-efficacy.

Objective To evaluate the effect of helmet on biomechanical responses of pilot's intervertebral disc under vibration environment.Methods A porous media finite element model of C5-6 segment was established based on the computed tomography(CT)images of an adult.Four loading conditions(A,B,C helmets and No helmet)were applied to the validated model with a duration of 3 600 s for vibration analysis.Considering the effects of vibration frequency,the maximum porous pressure(MPP)and maximum principal stress(MPS)of nucleus pulposus(NP)and annulus substance(AS)were obtained.Results The MPP of NP and AS decreased and became stable under the same vibration frequency.The MPS of NP and AS for B helmet was the maximum,followed by C helmet,A helmet and No helmet.The curve of MPS for B helmet was higher than that of C helmet,A helmet and No helmet.At the vibration frequency of 5 Hz and 9 Hz,the MPS of AS under four helmet conditions increased with time,and reached a constant value after 1 200 s.Under the same helmet condition,after loading for 1 200-2 400 s,the MPS of NP at 9 Hz vibration frequency was higher than that at 5 Hz and 1 Hz.The MPS of AS at 9 Hz and 5 Hz was close to each other,and both were higher than that at 1 Hz.Conclusions The helmet has an important effect on the MPP of NP and AS,and the increase of vibration frequency will lead to the increase of the MPS of AS.

Objective To evaluate the effect of helmet on biomechanical responses of pilot's intervertebral disc under vibration environment.Methods A porous media finite element model of C5-6 segment was established based on the computed tomography(CT)images of an adult.Four loading conditions(A,B,C helmets and No helmet)were applied to the validated model with a duration of 3 600 s for vibration analysis.Considering the effects of vibration frequency,the maximum porous pressure(MPP)and maximum principal stress(MPS)of nucleus pulposus(NP)and annulus substance(AS)were obtained.Results The MPP of NP and AS decreased and became stable under the same vibration frequency.The MPS of NP and AS for B helmet was the maximum,followed by C helmet,A helmet and No helmet.The curve of MPS for B helmet was higher than that of C helmet,A helmet and No helmet.At the vibration frequency of 5 Hz and 9 Hz,the MPS of AS under four helmet conditions increased with time,and reached a constant value after 1 200 s.Under the same helmet condition,after loading for 1 200-2 400 s,the MPS of NP at 9 Hz vibration frequency was higher than that at 5 Hz and 1 Hz.The MPS of AS at 9 Hz and 5 Hz was close to each other,and both were higher than that at 1 Hz.Conclusions The helmet has an important effect on the MPP of NP and AS,and the increase of vibration frequency will lead to the increase of the MPS of AS.

Objective:To calculate the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) value of the released low-energy electrons in gadolinium neutron capture therapy ( 157GdNCT) based on microdosimetry. Methods:The Monte Carlo (MC) code Geant4-DNA package was used to simulate the energy deposition distribution and microdosimetry parameters of low-energy electrons released during gadolinium neutron capture treatment in different sensitive target volumes and physical models on track structures. On this basis, RBE value was obtained based on the microdosimetry kinetic model (MKM).Results:The low-energy electron RBE value was highly variable in different sensitive target volumes and decreases with increasing sensitive target volumes. With 6-nm-diameter sensitive target as reference, RBE value was 1.77 for 6-nm diameter, 1.53 for 10 nm diameter with percentage difference 13%, and 1.40 for 15-nm diameter with percentage difference of 21%, respectively. The effect of different Geant4-DNA physical models on the RBE of low-energy electrons was small. Using the RBE value of 1.53 for physical model option2 as reference, the RBE values of option6 and option7 were 1.49 and 1.52, respectively, with the percentage differences of 2.6% and 0.6%, respectively.Conclusions:The RBE values of low energy electrons released by 157GdNCT in different sensitive target volumes and physical models were calculated by MKM to be 1.40-1.77.

Traumatic brain injury ( TBI ) has caused serious economic and social burdens, but due to its heterogeneity, there is no effective treatment. In TBI with different severity, diffuse axonal injury (DAI) incidenceis high. The investigation on DAI will contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of TBI. In this study, the classification of TBI and the research status of DAI were summarized. The method to judge the severity of TBI and DAI, and animal experimental models and related injury criteria and thresholds were reviewed. The result show that DAI is mainly generated by rotational acceleration and it is related to angular acceleration, angular velocity and duration. Several TBI animal models can induce the pathology of DAI, and inertial rotation models which can produce only rotational acceleration have been developed. However, these models are instantaneous rotation models, and the rotation duration is uncontrollable, thus a longer duration is impossible, and DAI severity under long rotational motion cannot be studied. The study proposes that a new rotation animal model which can control rotation duration should be developed. The development of the animal model and investigation on pathomechanism of the model will contribute to the prevention and treatment of DAI.

OBJECTIVE To study the nephrotoxicity of the extracts from different parts o f Miao medicine Wikstroemia indica in healthy rats ，and to provide reference for the study of its toxicity mechanism and clinical drug use. METHODS Using 70％ ethanol as solvent ，total ethanol extract of W. indica was extracted with diacolation method. After dispersing the above extract with water，the fractions of corresponding fractions were obtained with petroleum ether ，ethyl acetate and n-butanol，and the rest was the extract of water fraction. SD rats were randomly divided into total ethanol extract group ，petroleum ether fraction group ，ethyl acetate fraction group ，n-butanol fraction group ，water fraction group and blank group ，with 12 rats in each group （half male and half female ）. The rats in the administration groups were given the corresponding dose of drug solution intragastrically （total ethanol extract 317.520 mg/kg，petroleum ether fraction 7.875 mg/kg，ethyl acetate fraction 78.435 mg/kg，n-butanol fraction 53.865 mg/kg and water fraction 76.545 mg/kg），once a day ，for conse- cutive 2 weeks，and then stopped taking drug for 2 weeks； rats in the blank group were given equal volume of 1.0％ . sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution intragastrically. Duringthe experiment ，the general conditions of rats were observed. The samples of urine （on the 14th and 28th day ），serum and bilateral renal tissues （on the 15th and 29th day ）were taken respectively，the renal index was calculated ，the levels of @qq.com renal function indexes in serum and urine were detected ，and the pathomorphological changes of renal tissues were observed. RESULTS During administration ，compared with blank group ，the rats in the total ethanol extract group and ethyl acetate fraction group showed poisoning behavior and activity characteristics such as mental depression ，decreased activity and diet ，thin stool and decreased body mass. The mental state of the rats in the petroleum ether fraction group ，n-butanol fraction group and water fraction group were slightly worse than that in blank group，and slightly decreased activity and diet as well as thin stool ，and slowly increased body mass were found ；however，there was no significant difference in anal temperature in each group. After 2 weeks of administration ，the renal index in total ethanol extract group ，the serum levels of N-acetylglucosaminidase（NAG），urea nitrogen （BUN）and creatinine （Cr）in total ethanol extract group and ethyl acetate fraction group ，serum level of NAG in n-butanol fraction group and serum level of Cr in water fraction group ，as while as NAG levels in urine of rats in total ethanol extract group and petroleum ether fraction group ，NAG and urinary protein levels in urine of rats in ethyl acetate fraction group were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. In the pathomorphological observation ，renal tubules showed different degrees of unclear structure ，cell swelling and a few cell necrosis in the total ethanol extract group ，petroleum ether fraction group and ethyl acetate fraction group ，accompanying by glomerular pyknosis，renal tubular sclerosis and inflammatory cell infiltration ，compared with blank group. After drug withdrawal ，the mental state of rats in the administration groups were significantly improved ，the amount of activity and diet increased ，and the stool tended to be normal. Two weeks after drug withdrawal and recovery ，the levels of above indexes in serum and urine of rats in administration groups returned to be close to that in blank group （P＞0.05）；the glomerular structure of rats in each administration group gradually recovered clearly ，and cell swelling and inflammatory cell infiltration were rare in total ethanol extract group ， petroleum ether fraction group and ethyl acetate fraction group. CONCLUSIONS The total ethanol extract ，petroleum ether fraction and ethyl acetate fraction of Miao medicine W. indica have certain nephrotoxicity and reversibility. The toxic component may

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of aggregation epidemics of infectious diarrhea induced by norovirus, and to provide the scientific basis for the prevention and control. Methods: A descriptive epidemiological analysis of aggregation epidemics events occurred during 2016-2018 in Longhua District of Shenzhen was carried out, with subtypes identified by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, Region B and Region C fragment sequence determination. Results: There were 34 aggregation epidemic events,including 448 cases, the mean attack rate was 18.26%(448/2 454). The median duration of aggregation epidemic was 3 days. The peak season appeared in autumn and winter, and the peak of epidemic emerged from December 2016 to April 2017. About 91.18% (31/34) of the epidemics occurred in schools and child care centers, and among children aged 3-6 years (78.79%, 353/448). The clinical symptoms were mainly nausea and vomiting (95.77%, 408/426) in children and adolescents but diarrhea in adult group (95.45%, 21/22). The differences between vomiting and diarrhea were both statistically significant in the two age groups (χ2=98.89，99.61，P<0.01). 29 cases were transmitted through interpersonal network, of which 21 cases were found to have unregulated treatment of vomit on campus. The detection rate of biological samples was 49.15% (203/413), all of which were G Ⅱ norovirus. The genotype was mainly GⅡ.P16-G Ⅱ.2(n=49)from November 2016 to April 2017. Conclusion Norovirus can cause large-scale outbreaks in child care centers and schools easily. Early standardized patient isolation and proper management of vomit and diarrhea are the key steps in prevention and control measures.

OBJECTIVE：To compare the content changes of active/toxic ingredient genkwanin in ethanol extract from Wikstroemia indica before and after processing with “sweat soaking method ”and the effects of processing method on its anti-oxidation ability. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted to determine the content of genkwanin in W. indica before and after processing with “sweat soaking method ”. The separation was performed on Diamonsil C 18 column with 0.2％ phosphoric acid solution-methanol as mobile phase （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃ and detection wavelength was set at 346 nm. The sample size was 20 µL. SD rats were randomly divided into blank group ，W. indica raw product ethanol extract group （317.52 mg/kg，called“raw-product group ”as short ）and W. indica processed product ethanol extract group （317.52 mg/kg，called“processed-product group ”as short ），with 6 rats in each group. Blank group was given constant volume of 1.0％CMC-Na solution intragastrically ，and administration groups were given relevant medicine suspension intragastrically；all of them were given 20 mL/kg，once a day ，for consecutive 14 days. The contents of serum oxidant stress indexes（MDA，CAT，SOD）in rats were determined by ELISA. RESULTS ：The linear range of genkwanin were 0.147-27.360 μg （r＝0.999 9）；RSDs of precision ，reproducibility and stability tests were all lower than 3％ ；average recoveries were 98.64％-98.92％（RSD＜1％，n＝3）. Before and after processing with “sweat soaking method ”，average contents of genkwanin in W. indica were 0.377 6 and 0.234 0 mg/g. Compared with blank group ，the serum content of SOD in raw-product group was increased significantly ，while CAT content was decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；the serum content of MDA was decreased significantly in processed-product group ，while SOD content was increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. MDA content of processed-product group was significantly lower than that of raw-product group ，while SOD content was significantly higher than raw-product group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：After proce ssing with “sweat soaking method ”，the content of genkwanin in W. indica is decreased ，and antioxidant activity is increased .“Sweat soaking method ”processes certain function of “reducing toxicity and increasing efficiency ”.