Objective To explore the mechanism by which electroacupuncture improves ocular surface inflammation in dry eye mice.Methods 30 SPF-grade healthy male ICR mice were randomly divided into a blank group,a model group,a sham electroacupuncture group,a western medicine group and an electroacupuncture group,with 6 mice in each group.Mice in the blank group and other four groups were subcutaneously injected 200 μL of sterile physiological saline and 200 μL of scopolamine hydrobromide(0.5 mg dissolved in 0.2 mL of sterile physiological saline)at 8:00,11:00,14:00,and 17:00 every day for 35 consecutive days,respectively.From the 22nd day,mice in the sham electroacupunc-ture group were given blunt scalp acupuncture intervention at bilateral Jingming and Taiyang points,without subcutaneous penetration.In the western medicine group,fluorometholone eye drops were applied to both eyes of the mice at 8:00,13:00,and 18:00 daily,with 1 drop each time.Mice in the electroacupuncture group were given electroacupuncture in-tervention,with the same acupoint location and acupuncture time as the sham electroacupuncture group.The electroacu-puncture frequency was 2 Hz/20 Hz,the waves were sparse-dense and the intensity was 1 mA,once a day for 15 min.All groups were intervened for 14 days.The corneal fluorescein(FL)staining scores of mice in each group were detected be-fore modeling,after modeling,and after intervention.The corneal tissue morphology was observed under a light micro-scope.Immunohistochemistry staining and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)and receptor for advanced glyca-tion end products(RAGE)in the cornea,respectively.Results The FL scores of mice in model,sham electroacupunc-ture,western medicine,and electroacupuncture groups all significantly increased after modeling and intervention,com-pared with those before modeling(all P＜0.01).The FL scores of mice in electroacupuncture and western medicine groups significantly decreased after intervention,compared with those after modeling(both P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,electroacupuncture and western medicine groups showed a significant drop in FL score after intervention(both P＜0.01).HE staining showed that after intervention,mice in electroacupuncture and western medicine groups had a basically normal number of corneal epithelial layers,no obvious shedding of epithelial cells,and neatly arranged and slightly swollen collagen fibers in the stromal layer.The relative protein expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both model and sham electroacupuncture groups were significantly higher than those of the blank group(allP＜0.01).The rela-tive protein expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both electroacupuncture and western medicine groups were significantly lower than those of the model group(all P＜0.01).The relative mRNA expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both model and sham electroacupuncture groups were significantly higher than those of the blank group(all P＜0.01).The relative mRNA expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both electroacupuncture and western medicine groups were significantly lower than those of the model group(all P＜0.01).Conclusion Electroacupuncture mitigates corneal epithelial injury,reduces the expression of HMGB1 in the cor-neal tissue,inhibits the binding of HMGB1 and RAGE,and ultimately alleviates ocular surface inflammation responses of dry eye mice.

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism by which Gongfa Static Training regulates mitophagy through the PTEN-in-duced kinase 1(PINK1)/Parkin pathway in skeletal muscle insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS T2DM mouse model was established using a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin(STZ)intraperitoneal injection.Mice were ran-domly divided into a model group,a metformin group,an aerobic exercise group,and a Gongfa Static Training group.The intervention effects of Gongfa Static Training were evaluated by measuring fasting blood glucose,Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resist-ance(HOMA-IR),glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),lipid metabolism indicators,mitochondrial function in the gastrocnemius muscle,and the expression of PINK1 and Parkin-related genes and proteins.RESULTS Gongfa Static Training significantly reduced fasting blood glucose,HbA1c,and insulin resistance index in T2DM mice,improved lipid metabolism,and enhanced insulin sensitivity.It improved the structure and function of mitochondria in the gastrocnemius muscle by upregulating the mRNA and protein expression of PINK1 and Parkin.CONCLUSION Gongfa Static Training improves mitochondrial function and insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle of T2DM mice by regulating the PINK1/Parkin pathway.

Objective To explore the mechanism by which electroacupuncture improves ocular surface inflammation in dry eye mice.Methods 30 SPF-grade healthy male ICR mice were randomly divided into a blank group,a model group,a sham electroacupuncture group,a western medicine group and an electroacupuncture group,with 6 mice in each group.Mice in the blank group and other four groups were subcutaneously injected 200 μL of sterile physiological saline and 200 μL of scopolamine hydrobromide(0.5 mg dissolved in 0.2 mL of sterile physiological saline)at 8:00,11:00,14:00,and 17:00 every day for 35 consecutive days,respectively.From the 22nd day,mice in the sham electroacupunc-ture group were given blunt scalp acupuncture intervention at bilateral Jingming and Taiyang points,without subcutaneous penetration.In the western medicine group,fluorometholone eye drops were applied to both eyes of the mice at 8:00,13:00,and 18:00 daily,with 1 drop each time.Mice in the electroacupuncture group were given electroacupuncture in-tervention,with the same acupoint location and acupuncture time as the sham electroacupuncture group.The electroacu-puncture frequency was 2 Hz/20 Hz,the waves were sparse-dense and the intensity was 1 mA,once a day for 15 min.All groups were intervened for 14 days.The corneal fluorescein(FL)staining scores of mice in each group were detected be-fore modeling,after modeling,and after intervention.The corneal tissue morphology was observed under a light micro-scope.Immunohistochemistry staining and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)and receptor for advanced glyca-tion end products(RAGE)in the cornea,respectively.Results The FL scores of mice in model,sham electroacupunc-ture,western medicine,and electroacupuncture groups all significantly increased after modeling and intervention,com-pared with those before modeling(all P＜0.01).The FL scores of mice in electroacupuncture and western medicine groups significantly decreased after intervention,compared with those after modeling(both P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,electroacupuncture and western medicine groups showed a significant drop in FL score after intervention(both P＜0.01).HE staining showed that after intervention,mice in electroacupuncture and western medicine groups had a basically normal number of corneal epithelial layers,no obvious shedding of epithelial cells,and neatly arranged and slightly swollen collagen fibers in the stromal layer.The relative protein expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both model and sham electroacupuncture groups were significantly higher than those of the blank group(allP＜0.01).The rela-tive protein expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both electroacupuncture and western medicine groups were significantly lower than those of the model group(all P＜0.01).The relative mRNA expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both model and sham electroacupuncture groups were significantly higher than those of the blank group(all P＜0.01).The relative mRNA expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both electroacupuncture and western medicine groups were significantly lower than those of the model group(all P＜0.01).Conclusion Electroacupuncture mitigates corneal epithelial injury,reduces the expression of HMGB1 in the cor-neal tissue,inhibits the binding of HMGB1 and RAGE,and ultimately alleviates ocular surface inflammation responses of dry eye mice.

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism by which Gongfa Static Training regulates mitophagy through the PTEN-in-duced kinase 1(PINK1)/Parkin pathway in skeletal muscle insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS T2DM mouse model was established using a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin(STZ)intraperitoneal injection.Mice were ran-domly divided into a model group,a metformin group,an aerobic exercise group,and a Gongfa Static Training group.The intervention effects of Gongfa Static Training were evaluated by measuring fasting blood glucose,Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resist-ance(HOMA-IR),glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),lipid metabolism indicators,mitochondrial function in the gastrocnemius muscle,and the expression of PINK1 and Parkin-related genes and proteins.RESULTS Gongfa Static Training significantly reduced fasting blood glucose,HbA1c,and insulin resistance index in T2DM mice,improved lipid metabolism,and enhanced insulin sensitivity.It improved the structure and function of mitochondria in the gastrocnemius muscle by upregulating the mRNA and protein expression of PINK1 and Parkin.CONCLUSION Gongfa Static Training improves mitochondrial function and insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle of T2DM mice by regulating the PINK1/Parkin pathway.

OBJECTIVE To investigate drugresistance and clinical distribution characteristics of Staphylococcus strains isolated from inpatients.METHODS The meticillin-resistance and drug-resistance of the Staphylococcus strains isolated from the clinical specimens of the inpatients in our hospital between 2003 and 2005 were tested.RESULTS Totally 768 Staphylococcus strains were mainly isolated from sputum,blood,pus and wound secretion.The main clinical wards were from pediatrics,ICU,tumor chemotherapy departments.The age of these inpatients were mainly over 60 years old(48.7%) and less than 13 years old(33.2%).Two hundred and ninetyStaphylococcus aureus strains(37.8%)and 478 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus strains(62.2%)were included.The isolated rates of meticillin-resistant S.aureus and meticillin-resistant coagulasenegative Staphylococcus were 74.8% and 89.1%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS Infections of Staphylococcus are increased year by year among inpatients.There are high rates of meticillin-resistant strains.It is very important to monitor infections of Staphylococcus,to control the source of infections,to interrupt their spread and to protect impressionable inpatients,in order to prevent infections of Staphylococcus actively.