Objective:the subclavian approach without insufflation, the ability of assistants to master the technique of holding the endoscope plays a crucial role in the thoroughness and smoothness of the surgery. The author has summarized the "six-marker method", which adjusts the mirror holding technique based on surgical steps and surgical operation goals, so that assistants can quickly grasp the essentials of mirror holding and assist the chief surgeon in completing the surgery smoothly. This method has wide applicability and feasibility, which can achieve good coordination between the surgeon and the mirror holder, shorten the surgical time and break in period. It is worth promoting and applying in clinical practice.

Objective:the subclavian approach without insufflation, the ability of assistants to master the technique of holding the endoscope plays a crucial role in the thoroughness and smoothness of the surgery. The author has summarized the "six-marker method", which adjusts the mirror holding technique based on surgical steps and surgical operation goals, so that assistants can quickly grasp the essentials of mirror holding and assist the chief surgeon in completing the surgery smoothly. This method has wide applicability and feasibility, which can achieve good coordination between the surgeon and the mirror holder, shorten the surgical time and break in period. It is worth promoting and applying in clinical practice.

Objective:To investigate the causes, diagnosis and treatment of postoperative pulmonary changes in patients with thyroid cancer.Methods:Data of 378 patients with thyroid cancer surgery admitted from Oct. 1, 2019 to Jan. 31, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. SPSS 23.0 statistical software was adopted to analyze the effect of gender, age, smoking history, BMI, operation way and the surgical approach on postoperative changes in the lungs. The two groups of counting data were compared using χ2 method. Results:Age, gender, smoking history and surgical approach had no significant influence on postoperative pulmonary change ( P>0.05) . Lung changes in patients receiving thyroid cancer plus lateral neck dissection were greater than those receiving radical thyroid cancer alone ( P=0.001) , and lung changes in patients receiving bilateral neck dissection were greater than those receiving unilateral neck dissection ( P=0.027) . The pulmonary changes in patients with underweight and obesity were greater than those in patients with normal weight and hyperreorganization ( P=0.019) . Conclusions:Lateral neck dissection and patients’ body mass index are important factors affecting the postoperative lung changes in thyroid cancer patients. Thyroid cancer patients undergoing lateral neck dissection should actively check their lung changes through chest radiographs after surgery, especially for lean and obese patients, and patients undergoing bilateral neck dissection.

Objective To study the long-term efficacy of splenectomy for patients with advanced shistosomiasis japonica.Methods Levels of WBC,RBC,PLT,EOS,ALT,ALP,GGT,A,TB,HA,LN,Ⅳ-C,PCⅢ,IGG,IGA,C3,C4,CD3,CD4,CD8,CD19 in periphetral venous blood were determined in 239 patients with advanced shistosomiasis.Meanwhile,the liver,gallbladder and spleen were examined with ultrasonography.Results The levels of WBC,PLT,EOS,ALT,ALP,IGG,IGA,LN,Ⅳ-C,CD19 increased in splenectomy group,the levels of A,TB,CD3,CD4,C3,C4 decreased in splenectomy group,while RBC,HA,PCⅢ,CD8 were not changed.Conclusion Splenectomy is a danger to hepatic function.Humoral immunity increases while cellular immunity decreases in splenectomy group.Splenectomy may aggravate the hepatic fibrosis in patients with advanced shistosomiasis.

0.05 ) between two groups. The side effects were 7.7 % and 13.3 % in treatment group and control group, respectively. CONCLUSION: The combination of CLA+CBS+Met for 1 wk is an effective and safe treatment for eradication of HP infection with recurrent abdominal in children.