Objective:To systematically compare the clinical effects of simultaneous zona pellucida opening and prehatching in ectodermal biopsy techniques and to provide evidence-based medical evidence for the establishment of standard blastocyst biopsy procedure.Methods:We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang Data published until August 2023. We searched the literatures for studies that compared the effects of two zona pellucida opening. Primary evaluation measures included clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate, and secondary evaluation indicators included biopsy success rate, euploid blastocyst rate, and miscarriage rate. Meta-analysis was performed using the R4.2.2 software meta package.Results:Six studies, including 12 223 biopsy embryos and 2 374 transfer cycles were subjected to analysis. The results of meta-analysis showed that the clinical pregnancy rate ( RR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.14-1.30, P<0.01) and the live birth rate ( RR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.12-1.32, P<0.01) in the simultaneous zona pellucida opening group were significantly higher than those in the prehatching group, and there were no significant differences between the two groups in biopsy success rate ( RR=1.38, 95% CI: 0.30-6.25, P=0.68), euploid blastocyst rate ( RR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.83-1.15, P=0.81) and miscarriage rate ( RR=1.06, 95% CI: 0.77-1.47, P=0.73). Conclusion:Stimultaneous zona pellucida opening blastocyst biopsy protocol is better than prehatching in terms of clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate. Due to the limitation of sample size and quality of included studies, more high-quality studies are needed on the effect of zona pellucida opening timing on clinical outcomes.

Objective:To systematically compare the clinical effects of simultaneous zona pellucida opening and prehatching in ectodermal biopsy techniques and to provide evidence-based medical evidence for the establishment of standard blastocyst biopsy procedure.Methods:We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang Data published until August 2023. We searched the literatures for studies that compared the effects of two zona pellucida opening. Primary evaluation measures included clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate, and secondary evaluation indicators included biopsy success rate, euploid blastocyst rate, and miscarriage rate. Meta-analysis was performed using the R4.2.2 software meta package.Results:Six studies, including 12 223 biopsy embryos and 2 374 transfer cycles were subjected to analysis. The results of meta-analysis showed that the clinical pregnancy rate ( RR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.14-1.30, P<0.01) and the live birth rate ( RR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.12-1.32, P<0.01) in the simultaneous zona pellucida opening group were significantly higher than those in the prehatching group, and there were no significant differences between the two groups in biopsy success rate ( RR=1.38, 95% CI: 0.30-6.25, P=0.68), euploid blastocyst rate ( RR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.83-1.15, P=0.81) and miscarriage rate ( RR=1.06, 95% CI: 0.77-1.47, P=0.73). Conclusion:Stimultaneous zona pellucida opening blastocyst biopsy protocol is better than prehatching in terms of clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate. Due to the limitation of sample size and quality of included studies, more high-quality studies are needed on the effect of zona pellucida opening timing on clinical outcomes.

The anaerobic granular sludge from an Internal Circulation (IC) reactor of a paper mill wastewater treatment plant were seeded in an Anammox upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. After 185 days operation, the reactor was finally started up by increasing the influent ammonium and nitrite concentrations to 224 mg/L and 255 mg/L, respectively, with volumetric nitrogen removal rate increasing to 3.76 kg/(m3·d). The physicochemical characteristics of the cultivated Anammox granules were observed by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results suggested that during the start-up course, the granular sludge initially disintegrated and then re-aggregated. FTIR spectra results revealed that the Anammox granular sludge contained abundant functional groups, indicating that it may also possess good adsorption properties. The ecological structure of the granular sludge, analyzed by the metagenomic sequencing methods, suggested that the relative abundance of the dominant bacterial community in the seeding sludge, i.e., Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, significantly reduced, while Planctomycetes which contains anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria remarkably increased from 1.59% to 23.24% in the Anammox granules.
Ammonia ; chemistry ; Bacteria ; Bioreactors ; Nitrogen ; chemistry ; Sewage ; microbiology ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; methods ; Waste Water ; chemistry