Objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy for surgical treatments among patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis in Gansu Province from 2006 to 2023, so as to provide insights into optimization of the diagnosis and treatment strategies against hepatic cystic echinococcosis. Methods The demographic and clinical data of all echinococcosis cases included in central government fiscal transfer payment program for echinococcosis control and undergoing surgical treatments in Gansu Province from 2006 to 2023 were captured. Hepatic cystic echinococcosis patients with complete medical records and follow-up data were included in the study, and patients’ characteristics, including hospital where patients received diagnosis and treatment, methods of case identification, year of surgery, classification of lesions, number of lesions, size of lesions, course of disease, surgical methods, and post-surgical follow-up data. The cure and recurrence of hepatic cystic echinococcosis were evaluated according to the Guidelines for Management of Echinococcosis Patients in the Central Government Fiscal Transfer Payment Program, and the cure and recurrent rates were calculated. Results Data were collected from 1 686 surgical patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 1 222 hepatic cystic echinococcosis patients undergoing surgical treatments were included during the period from 2006 to 2022, including 1 166 cured patients (95.42%) and 88 patients with postsurgical recurrence (7.20%), and the cure rate of surgical treatments appeared a tendency towards a rise among patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis from 2008 to 2022 (χ²_trend = 19.39, P < 0.05). The cure rates of hepatic cystic echinococcosis were 100% (177/177), 94.81% (128/135) and 94.62% (861/910) among patients detected through regular physical examinations, screened by the central government fiscal transfer payment program for echinococcosis control, and those who passively sought healthcare services, respectively (χ² = 9.95, P < 0.05). The cure rates of hepatic cystic echinococcosis were 95.96% (1 046/1 090) among patients with a disease course of 2 years and less and 90.90% (120/132) among patients with a disease course of over 2 years (χ² = 6.87, P < 0.05), and there were significant differences in the cure rates among patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis in terms of number of lesions (χ² = 24.44, P < 0.05) and surgical methods (P < 0.05). The cure rate of hepatic cystic echinococcosis patients was significantly higher following initiation of the central government fiscal transfer payment program for echinococcosis control (96.06%, 1 096/1 141) than before the program (86.42%, 70/81) (χ² = 16.06, P < 0.05), and the cure rate of hepatic cystic echinococcosis patients was significantly higher in designated hospitals (96.48%, 741/768) than in non-designated hospitals (93.37%, 366/392) (χ² = 5.78, P < 0.05). The median follow-up period was 4 (interquartile range, 7) years among 1 222 hepatic cystic echinococcosis patients undergoing surgical treatments. The recurrent rate of hepatic cystic echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a decline from 2008 to 2022 (χ²_trend = 36.86, P < 0.05), with a reduction from 23.08% (9/39) in 2008 to 1.85% (1/54) in 2021, and the post-surgical recurrence rate of hepatic cystic echinococcosis was lower following initiation of the central government fiscal transfer payment program for echinococcosis control (5.87%, 67 / 1 141) than before the program (25.93%, 21/81) (χ² = 45.51, P < 0.05). In addition, the post-surgical recurrence rate of hepatic cystic echinococcosis was higher in non-designated hospitals (10.46%, 41/392) than in designated hospitals (5.60%, 43/768) (χ² = 9.12, P < 0.05), and there was a significant difference in the post-surgical recurrence rate among patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis in terms of surgical methods (P < 0.05), with the highest recurrence rate (11.54%) seen among patients undergoing percutaneous fine-needle aspiration of cyst fluids-based surgical procedures (P < 0.05). Conclusion Since the initiation of the central government fiscal transfer payment program for echinococcosis control in Gansu Province in 2006, an increase in the surgical cure rate and a reduction in the recurrence of hepatic cystic echinococcosis had been found among patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis, indicating a high overall therapeutic efficacy.

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERCP） combined with oral cholangiopancreatography in the treatment of major duodenal papilla gallbladder polyps. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of eight patients with choledocholithiasis and gallbladder polyps who underwent ERCP and combined with oral cholangiopancreatography for major duodenal papilla cholecystectomy in Center of Digestive Endoscopy， Jilin People’s Hospital， from May 2022 to June 2024， and related data were collected， including the success rate of surgery， the technical success rate of gallbladder polyp removal， the superselective method of cystic duct， the time of operation， the time of gallbladder polyp removal， and surgical complications. ResultsBoth the success rate of surgery and the technical success rate of gallbladder polyp removal reached 100%， and of all eight patients， three patients used guide wire to enter the gallbladder under direct view， while five patients received oral cholangiopancreatography to directly enter the gallbladder. The time of operation was 51.88±12.34 minutes， and the time of gallbladder polyp removal was 23.13±10.94 minutes. The diameter of gallbladder polyp was 2‍ ‍—‍ ‍8 mm， and pathological examination showed inflammatory polyps in three patients， adenomatous polyps in one patient， and cholesterol polyps in four patients. There were no complications during or after surgery. The patients were followed up for 2‍ ‍—‍ ‍27 months after surgery， and no recurrence of gallbladder polyp was observed. ConclusionOral cholangiopancreatography is technically safe and feasible in endoscopic major duodenal papilla cholecystectomy.

Objective:To discuss the effects of kallikrein 5(KLK5)overexpression on the proliferation,invasion and cisplatin(DDP)sensitivity of cervical cancer cells,and to clarify its mechanism.Methods:Western blotting method was used to verify the stable transfection and overexpression of KLK5 in the cervical cancer cell(ME180-OE-KLK5).The cervical cancer ME180-NC-KLK5 and ME180-OE-KLK5 cells in logarithmic growth phase were subcutaneously inoculated into the nude mice to establish the subcutaneous xenograft models.After successful modeling,the mice were randomly divided into normal saline control group(NC-KLK5+0.9％NaCl group),DDP treatment group(NC-KLK5+DDP group),KLK5 overexpression group(OE-KLK5+0.9％NaCl group)and KLK5 overexpression combined with DDP group(OE-KLK5+DDP group),with 5 mice in each group.The nude mice in NC-KLK5+DDP group and OE-KLK5+DDP group were given intraperitoneal injection of DDP at a dose of 5 mng·kg-1;the nude mice in NC-KLK5+0.9％NaCl group and OE-KLK5+0.9％NaCl group were given intraperitoneal injection of normal saline at a dose of 0.01 mL·g-1.The body weights of nude mice were measured every 2 d,and the long diameter and short diameter of the tumors were recorded to calculate the tumor volume and plot the tumor growth curve.At 24 h after the last administration on day 14,the nude mice were sacrificed,and the tumors were dissected and weighed.HE staining method was used to observe the pathomorphology of tumor tissue in the nude mice in various groups;immunohistochemistry staining method was used to observe the expression levels of KLK5,Ki67 and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)proteins in the tumor tissues of the nude mice in various groups.Results:Compared with ME180-NC-KLK5 cells,the expression level of KLK5 protein in ME180-OE-KLK5 cells was increased(P＜0.05).In the first week after subcutaneous xenograft inoculation,the nude mice in various groups showed good feeding and activity status,and their body weights gradually increased.The drug administration phase started from the second week.During the drug treatment period,the feeding and activity status as well as body weight of the nude mice in NC-KLK5+0.9％NaCl group showed no significant changes compared with the first week;compared with NC-KLK5+0.9％NaCl group,the nude mice in NC-KLK5+DDP group began to show loss of appetite,no increase in body weight,and decreased activity.During the drug treatment period in the third week,the feeding and activity status of the nude mice in NC-KLK5+0.9％NaCl group showed no significant changes compared with the second week,while they began to show no increase in body weight;compared with NC-KLK5+0.9％NaCl group,the feeding and activity status of the nude mice in NC-KLK5+DDP group were significantly weakened,and their body weights decreased.Compared with NC-KLK5+0.9％NaCl group,the volume of xenograft tumor in NC-KLK5+DDP group was decreased(P＜0.01);compared with NC-KLK5+DDP group,the volume of xenograft tumor OE-KLK5+DDP group was significantly increased(P＜0.001);compared with NC-KLK5+0.9％NaCl group,the volume of xenograft tumor of the nude mice in OE-KLK5+0.9％NaCl group was increased(P＜0.001);compared with OE-KLK5+0.9％NaCl group,the volume of xenograft tumors in the nude mice in OE-KLK5+DDP group showed no statistically significant difference(P＞0.05).Compared with NC-KLK5+0.9％NaCl group,the weight of xenograft tumor of the nude mice in NC-KLK5+DDP group was decreased(P＜0.05);compared with NC-KLK5+DDP group,the weight of xenograft tumors of the nude mice in OE-KLK5+DDP group was significantly increased(P＜0.001);compared with NC-KLK5+0.9％NaCl group,the weight of xenograft tumor of the nude mice in OE-KLK5+0.9％NaCl group was increased(P＜0.001);compared with OE-KLK5+0.9％NaCl group,the weight of xenograft tumors of the nude mice in OE-KLK5+DDP group showed no statistically significant difference(P＞0.05).Compared with NC-KLK5+0.9％NaCl group,the xenograft tumor cells of the nude mice in OE-KLK5+0.9％NaCl group showed greater nuclear heterogeneity;the xenograft tumor cells of the nude mice in OE-KLK5+DDP group and NC-KLK5+DDP group showed cytomorphological changes,manifested as nuclear pyknosis and fragmentation,reduced cell volume,and the appearance of necrosis and apoptosis.Compared with NC-KLK5+DDP group,the degree of necrosis in xenograft tumor of the nude mice in OE-KLK5+DDP group was more pronounced.Compared with NC-KLK5+0.9％NaCl group,the expression levels of KLK5,Ki67 and MMP-9 proteins in xenograft tumor tissue of the nude mice in NC-KLK5+DDP group were decreased(P＜0.05);compared with NC-KLK5+DDP group,the expression levels of KLK5,Ki67,and MMP-9 proteins in xenograft tumor tissue of the nude mice in OE-KLK5+DDP group were increased(P＜0.001);compared with NC-KLK5+0.9％NaCl group,the expression levels of KLK5,Ki67 and MMP-9 proteins in xenograft tumor tissue of the nude mice in OE-KLK5+0.9％NaCl group were increased(P＜0.001);compared with OE-KLK5+0.9％NaCl group,the expression levels of KLK5,Ki67 and MMP-9 in xenograft tumor tissue of the nude mice in OE-KLK5+DDP group showed no statistically significant differences(P＞0.05).Conclusion:KLK5 overexpression can promote the growth of subcutaneous xenograft tumors of cervical cancer ME 180 cells treated with DDP,up-regulate the expressions of Ki67 and MMP-9 in the xenograft tumor tissue,and reduce the sensitivity of the xenograft tumor to DDP.

Objective To investigate and analyze the relationship between bone metabolism indicators,bone mineral density(BMD)T value,osteoporosis and fracture risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 175 patients with T2DM ad-mitted to the hospital from January to August 2024.According to the T value,they were divided into the oste-oporosis group(n=65),the osteopenia group(n=50),and the normal bone mass group(n=60).The general clinical data and bone metabolism indicators were compared among the three groups,including 25-hydroxyvi-tamin D3[25-(OH)D3],osteocalcin(OC),calcitonin(CT),type Ⅰ procollagen amino-terminal peptide(PⅠNP)and β-collagen degradation products(β-CTX),parathyroid hormone(PTH),T value,and the differences between the fracture risk assessment tools[FRAX,including 10-year major osteoporotic fracture(MOF)risk and 10-year hip fracture(HF)risk],analyzed the influencing factors of osteoporosis in T2DM patients,as well as the relationship between bone metabolism indicators,T values and fracture risk.Results The results of un-ivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that PⅠNP and β-CTX were risk factors for oste-oporosis in patients with T2DM,while estradiol(E2),testosterone(T),25-(OH)D3,OC,and T values were all protective factors(P<0.05).The 10-year risks of MOF and HF in the osteoporosis group were higher than those in the osteopenia group and the normal bone mass group,while the 10-year risks of MOF and HF in the osteopenia group were higher than those in the normal bone mass group,the differences were statistical-ly significant(P<0.05).According to Pearson correlation analysis,25-(OH)D3 and T values were negatively correlated with the risks of 10-year MOF and HF,while OC,PⅠNP,and β-CTx were positively correlated with the risks of 10-year MOF and HF(P<0.05),CT and PTH were not correlated with the risks of 10-year MOF and HF(P>0.05).Conclusion Bone metabolism indicators and BMD are important influencing factors for the occurrence of osteoporosis in patients with T2DM,and they are closely related to the occurrence of os-teoporotic fractures.Clinically,the monitoring of bone metabolism and BMD in patients with T2DM should be strengthened.

BACKGROUND:Most balance disorders after total hip arthroplasty require a variety of rehabilitation methods to improve.Body weight support Tai Chi footwork can be used as a safe and effective balance training method. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of body weight support Tai Chi footwork on the balance function of patients after total hip arthroplasty. METHODS:Totally 74 subjects undergoing total hip arthroplasty were recruited and randomly divided into a control group(n=37)and a trial group(n=37).The control group received 30 minutes of body weight support walking training and 60 minutes of routine rehabilitation training;the trial group received 30 minutes of body weight support Tai Chi footwork training and 60 minutes of routine rehabilitation training,once a day,5 times a week,for 12 consecutive weeks.Before the intervention,4,8,and 12 weeks after intervention,the Berg balance scale and the dynamic balance ability test were used to evaluate the balance function.Harris score was used to evaluate the hip joint function,and the fall risk index was used to evaluate the fall risk. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The four observation indicators all showed significant time effects(P<0.001).(2)Berg balance scale,Harris score and fall risk index all had an interaction effect(P<0.001),and there was a significant inter-group difference after 12 weeks of intervention(P<0.001),and the effect of the trial group was better than that of the control group.(3)After 12 weeks of intervention,there was an interaction and group effect in the scores of the front and left directions of the dynamic balance test(P<0.001),and there were significant group differences in the scores of the overall,front,left and right directions(P<0.001).(4)The results showed that after 12 weeks of intervention,the balance functions of the trial group and the control group were improved,and the improvement effect of body weight support Tai Chi footwork training was better than body weight support walking training on patients after total hip arthroplasty.

Objective:To investigate the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors on reducing residual lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer.Methods:The cohort of this retrospective study comprised patients from Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University who had undergone systemic treatment prior to gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy and had achieved Grade 1 primary tumor regression (TRG1) from January 2014 to December 2023. After exclusion of patients who had undergone preoperative radiotherapy, data of 58 patients (Nanfang Hospital: 46; First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University: 12) were analyzed. These patients were allocated to preoperative chemotherapy (Chemotherapy group, N=36 cases) and preoperative immunotherapy plus chemotherapy groups (Immunotherapy group, N=22 cases). There were no significant differences between these groups in sex, age, body mass index, diabetes, tumor location, pathological type, Lauren classification, tumor differentiation, pretreatment depth of invasion by primary tumor, pretreatment lymph node stage, pretreatment clinical stage, mismatch repair protein status, number of preoperative treatment cycles, or duration of preoperative treatment (all P>0.05). The primary outcome measure was postoperative lymph node downstaging. Secondary outcomes included postoperative depth of invasion by tumor, number of lymph nodes examined, and factors affecting residual lymph node metastasis status. Results:Lymph node downstaging was achieved significantly more often in the Immunotherapy group than the Chemotherapy group (pN0: 90.9% [20/22] vs. 61.1% [22/36]; pN1: 4.5% [1/22] vs. 36.1% [13/36]; pN2: 4.5% [1/22) vs. 0; pN3: 0 vs. 2.8% [1/36], Z=-2.315, P=0.021). There were no significant difference between the two groups in number of lymph nodes examined (40.5±16.3 vs. 40.8±17.5, t=0.076, P=0.940) or postoperative depth of invasion by primary tumor (pT1a: 50.0% [11/22] vs. 30.6% [11/36]; pT1b: 13.6% [3/22] vs. 19.4% [7/36]; pT2: 13.6% [3/22] vs. 13.9% [5/36]; pT3: 13.6% [3/22] vs. 25.0% [9/36]; pT4a: 9.1% [2/22] vs. 11.1% [4/36], Z=-1.331, P=0.183). Univariate analysis revealed that both preoperative treatment regimens were associated with residual lymph node metastasis status in patients whose primary tumor regression was TRG1 (χ 2=6.070, P=0.014). Multivariate analysis incorporated the following factors: pretreatment depth of invasion by primary tumor, pretreatment lymph node stage, pretreatment clinical stage, number of preoperative treatment cycles, and preoperative treatment duration. We found that a combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy administered preoperatively was an independent protective factor for reducing residual lymph node metastases in study patients whose primary tumor regression was TRG1 (OR=0.147, 95%CI: 0.026–0.828, P=0.030). Conclusion:Compared with preoperative chemotherapy alone, a combination of preoperative immunotherapy and chemotherapy achieved greater reduction of residual lymph node metastases in the study patients who achieved TRG1 tumor regression in their primary lesions.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the quality of research and evidence related to antihypertensive Chinese patent medicines combined with western medicines for the treatment of hypertension， synthesize and update the evidence， form expert consensus， and provide evidence for clinical decision-making. MethodThe databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， WanFang Data Knowledge Service Platform （WanFang）， Vip Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database （VIP）， Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System （Sinomed）， National Library of Medicine （PubMed）， Cochrane Library， Web of Science， and US Clinical Trials Registry were searched for randomized controlled trials of antihypertensive Chinese medicine combined with western medicine for the treatment of hypertension from database construction to July 31， 2022. The quality of the literature was evaluated using the bias risk assessment tool in Cochrane Handbook 6.3. Evidence synthesis of main outcome indicators was performed using R software. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment， Development， and Evaluation profiler （GRADEprofiler） 3.6 was employed to evaluate the quality of evidence. Expert consensus was formed based on the Delphi method after two rounds of voting. Result64 pieces of literature were included， and the results of literature quality evaluation and risk of bias showed that 70.31% （45/64） of the studies indicated some risks， and 29.69% （19/64） indicated high risks. Compared with conventional western medicines， the combination of Chinese patent medicines with western medicines can significantly lower systolic pressure （SBP） and diastolic pressure （DBP）， increase the effective rate of antihypertensive， reduce the incidence of adverse reactions， endothelin-1， and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores. Egger's test showed that Songling Xuemaikang capsules reduced SBP and DBP. Tianma Gouteng granules reduced SBP and DBP and increased the effective rate of antihypertensive， and Xinmaitong capsules reduced SBP and increased the effective rate of antihypertensive， without significant publication bias. Songling Xuemaikang capsules increased the effective rate of antihypertensive， and Xinmaitong capsules decreased DBP， with significant publication bias. The results of the GRADE evidence quality evaluation showed that most evidence was at grades B and C. Finally， four strong recommendations and 14 weak recommendations were formed. ConclusionCompared with conventional western medicines for the treatment of hypertension， antihypertensive Chinese patent medicines combined with western medicines have advantages in reducing blood pressure and improving drug use safety， but they are mostly weak recommendations in terms of efficacy， and more high-quality evidence is needed.

ObjectiveTo systematically collect， analyze， and evaluate the randomized controlled trials （RCT） of Chinese patent medicine combined with western medicine in the treatment of hypertension， map the evidence， and provide reference for the future clinical research and formulation of guidelines and policies. MethodThe relevant articles were retrieved from China Biology Medicine disc， China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP， Wanfang Data， PubMed， Embase， and Cochrane Library with the time interval from inception to December 31， 2022. The RCT of Chinese patent medicines combined with western medicine in the treatment of hypertension were included. The research characteristics and methodological quality were analyzed and evaluated. ResultA total of 330 RCTs of treating hypertension with Chinese patent medicines combined with Western medicine were included in this study， all of which were published in Chinese. These RCTs involved 88 Chinese patent medicines and 37 788 patients， and 46% of RCT had the sample size ≥100 patients. Eighty-seven percent of RCT showed the study period within 3 months. All the interventions in the RCTs were Chinese patent medicine + western medicine vs western medicine. Among the evaluation indicators， blood pressure， response rate， TCM syndrome score， endothelial cell function， and safety were mainly concerned. In terms of methodological quality， most articles did not mention the generation of random sequences， allocation concealment， or blinding method. The blinding evaluation of outcomes showed low risks of bias， and there was insufficient information to judge whether there was selective bias or other bias. ConclusionThere were many Chinese patent medicines used in combination with western medicine in the treatment of hypertension， and they were mainly taken orally. The existing RCT had problems such as small sample size， unclear clinical value positioning， imperfect design failing to reflect the value of Chinese patent medicines， unreasonable measurement indicators， and non-standard measurement methods. Future research should solve the above problems， improve the research quality， value， and authenticity， and enhance the reliability and extension of evidence.

Objective:To investigate the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors on reducing residual lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer.Methods:The cohort of this retrospective study comprised patients from Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University who had undergone systemic treatment prior to gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy and had achieved Grade 1 primary tumor regression (TRG1) from January 2014 to December 2023. After exclusion of patients who had undergone preoperative radiotherapy, data of 58 patients (Nanfang Hospital: 46; First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University: 12) were analyzed. These patients were allocated to preoperative chemotherapy (Chemotherapy group, N=36 cases) and preoperative immunotherapy plus chemotherapy groups (Immunotherapy group, N=22 cases). There were no significant differences between these groups in sex, age, body mass index, diabetes, tumor location, pathological type, Lauren classification, tumor differentiation, pretreatment depth of invasion by primary tumor, pretreatment lymph node stage, pretreatment clinical stage, mismatch repair protein status, number of preoperative treatment cycles, or duration of preoperative treatment (all P>0.05). The primary outcome measure was postoperative lymph node downstaging. Secondary outcomes included postoperative depth of invasion by tumor, number of lymph nodes examined, and factors affecting residual lymph node metastasis status. Results:Lymph node downstaging was achieved significantly more often in the Immunotherapy group than the Chemotherapy group (pN0: 90.9% [20/22] vs. 61.1% [22/36]; pN1: 4.5% [1/22] vs. 36.1% [13/36]; pN2: 4.5% [1/22) vs. 0; pN3: 0 vs. 2.8% [1/36], Z=-2.315, P=0.021). There were no significant difference between the two groups in number of lymph nodes examined (40.5±16.3 vs. 40.8±17.5, t=0.076, P=0.940) or postoperative depth of invasion by primary tumor (pT1a: 50.0% [11/22] vs. 30.6% [11/36]; pT1b: 13.6% [3/22] vs. 19.4% [7/36]; pT2: 13.6% [3/22] vs. 13.9% [5/36]; pT3: 13.6% [3/22] vs. 25.0% [9/36]; pT4a: 9.1% [2/22] vs. 11.1% [4/36], Z=-1.331, P=0.183). Univariate analysis revealed that both preoperative treatment regimens were associated with residual lymph node metastasis status in patients whose primary tumor regression was TRG1 (χ 2=6.070, P=0.014). Multivariate analysis incorporated the following factors: pretreatment depth of invasion by primary tumor, pretreatment lymph node stage, pretreatment clinical stage, number of preoperative treatment cycles, and preoperative treatment duration. We found that a combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy administered preoperatively was an independent protective factor for reducing residual lymph node metastases in study patients whose primary tumor regression was TRG1 (OR=0.147, 95%CI: 0.026–0.828, P=0.030). Conclusion:Compared with preoperative chemotherapy alone, a combination of preoperative immunotherapy and chemotherapy achieved greater reduction of residual lymph node metastases in the study patients who achieved TRG1 tumor regression in their primary lesions.

Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a common chronic disease.There is homology between retina and kidneys.Diabetic retinopathy and retinal neurovascular injury both reveal common pathophysiological features of ocular retina and kidney.Optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)detects chorioretinal microcirculation with near-histological resolution.Changes in microvascular structure and function can promote the development of hypertension,diabetes,CKD and related cardiovascular disease(CVD).The examination of fundus nerve microvessels by OCTA in patients with CKD is helpful to the identification of high-risk groups,and provides a new perspective for the assessment of disease progression and CVD risk prediction of patients with CKD.The combination of the deep learning will further expand this aspect of research and become the forefront of future development.