ObjectiveTo investigate the safety and efficacy of transparent cap-assisted peroral cholangiopancreatoscopy-guided electrohydraulic lithotripsy （EHL）. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 60 patients with large common bile duct stones who were admitted to Department of Gastroenterology， Jilin People’s Hospital， from May 1， 2023 to January 31， 2026， and according to the treatment method， the patients were divided into transparent cap-assisted peroral cholangiopancreatoscopy-guided electrohydraulic lithotripsy group and peroral cholangiopancreatoscopy-guided electrohydraulic lithotripsy group， with 30 patients in each group. The two groups were compared in terms of the rate of successful single-session stone fragmentation and removal， procedural time， duration of electrohydraulic lithotripsy， clinical success rate， and complications. The independent-samples t test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups， and the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. ResultsCompared with the peroral cholangiopancreatoscopy-guided electrohydraulic lithotripsy group， the transparent cap-assisted peroral cholangiopancreatoscopy-guided electrohydraulic lithotripsy group had a significantly higher technical success rate （83.33% vs 60.00%， χ²=4.022， P=0.045） and significantly shorter procedural time ［46.00 （42.25 — 49.00） min vs 54.50 （42.00 — 65.00） min， Z=2.012， P=0.044］ and duration of electrohydraulic lithotripsy ［8.00 （6.25 — 11.75） min vs 13.50 （9.25 — 17.75） min， Z=2.749， P=0.006］. Both groups achieved a clinical success rate of 100%， with no significant difference in the incidence rate of complications （P>0.05）. ConclusionTransparent cap-assisted peroral cholangiopancreatoscopy-guided electrohydraulic lithotripsy has a high rate of successful single-session stone fragmentation and removal and a short procedural time， with good safety and efficacy， and therefore， it holds promise for clinical application.

Objective:To analyze the extraction, chemical composition, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity of the TCM formula essential oil for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI); To provide a scientific basis for its further development.Methods:The formula essential oil was extracted using the steam distillation method and analyzed for chemical composition by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The DPPH, ABTS scavenging ability, and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of volatile oils were measured. The effect of the essential oil on the viability of RAW264.7 cells was assessed using the CCK-8 assay. ELISA and Western blot methods were used to determine the effects of volatile oil on LPS induced inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α.Results:The average extraction rate of the formula essential oil was 1.12%, with a density of 0.973 2 g/ml. Twelve main chemical components were identified, with 1,8-cineole (42.9%) and patchoulol (19.9%) being the predominant constituents. The essential oil exhibited DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capacities of 52% and 59%, respectively, and a hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity exceeding 70%. Essential oil could reduce the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α ( P<0.05). Conclusion:TCM formula essential oil for the treatment of URTI contains multiple bioactive components and demonstrates significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Objective:To explore the dynamic relationship between college students' online psychological needs satisfaction dominance(OPNSD)and phubbing.OPNSD refers to the tendency of individuals to fulfill their basic psychological needs primarily through online environments.Methods:A sample of 340 college students from a university in Beijing participated in two data collections(T1 and T2)at 3-month intervals.OPNSD was calculated as the difference between scores on the Need Satisfaction Perceived Online Scale(NSPOS)and the Basic Need Sat-isfaction in General Scale(BNSGS).Phubbing and its 4 dimensions(self-isolation,nomophobia,interpersonal con-flict,and problem acknowledgment)were measured with the Generic Scale of Phubbing(GSP).A cross-lagged panel model was used to explore the relationship between the online psychological needs satisfaction dominance and phubbing.Results:Significant simultaneous(r=0.60,P＜0.001)and successive temporal(r=0.56,P＜0.001)correlations were observed between the OPNSD score and GSP score.T1 OPNSD score was positively associated with T2 GSP score in the dimensions of self-isolation,nomophobia,and interpersonal conflict(β=0.14,0.10,0.11;P＜0.001 or P＜0.05),but showed no association with the problem acknowledgement dimension score(β=0.07,P＞0.05).However,the four dimensions of T1 GSP score were not associated with T2 OPNSD score(Ps＞0.05).Conclusion:This study suggests that college students' online psychological needs satisfaction dominance positively predicts phubbing,highlighting the critical influence of online environments on mobile phone behaviors.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features, diagnosis, genetic alterations, and biological behaviors of hamartomatous inverted hyperplastic polyp (HIHP) in the gastrointestinal tract.Methods:The clinical, sonographic, endoscopic and pathologic data of 10 HIHP cases diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi′an, China from January 2013 to March 2024 were collected. Their clinicopathological features and histological morphology were analyzed. The cases were further divided into 3 histologic subtypes. Follow-up information was collected to analyze the relationship between histological subtype and prognosis.Results:There were 5 males and 5 females in this cohort. The age of onset was 45-68 years, with a median age of 60.5 years. The polyp-involved sites included 2 cases in gastric fundus, 6 cases in gastric body, 1 case in gastric antrum, and 1 case in duodenum. Digestive endoscopy showed mucosal protrusion lesions in all cases, except 1 case (case 10) of shallow depression on the surface, with the maximum diameter ranging 0.5-2.5 cm. Endoscopic ultrasonography showed multilocular cystic low-density shadows, with septal enhancement (case 4). The preoperative clinical diagnosis was gastric polyp, ectopic pancreas or gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Two cases showed type 1 morphology (i.e., connected with the mucosa, with clear smooth muscle boundaries). One of them (case 10) had a clear opening to form a vase-like morphology, while the other (case 4) had no obvious opening with the surface mucosa. Three cases showed type 2 morphology (i.e., not connected with the mucosa, with clear smooth muscle boundaries). Five cases showed type 3 morphology (i.e., not connected with the mucosa, without clear smooth muscle boundaries or hyperplastic smooth muscle that separated hyperplastic glands showing lobular configuration). Among them, one case of duodenal lesions (case 9) showed gastric type gland hyperplasia and expansion, including gastric fossa, gastric fundic gland and pyloric gland, with various arrangement and combination, accompanied by smooth muscle hyperplasia. In case 10, there was leiomyomatous proliferation in the stroma. The cases 2 and 4 had atypical glandular structures and cell morphology, but immunohistochemistry showed wild-type expression pattern of p53 and a Ki-67 proliferation index of less than 1%, suggesting that it was reactive atypia secondary to inflammation. The results showed that 3 cases had different gene mutations, and no recurrent gene change was identified. All patients survived without disease during the follow-up period of 1-130 months.Conclusions:HIHP is a benign lesion and has no consistently detectable genetic alterations. The histological characteristics of gastrointestinal polyps are complex. Especially, the types 1 and 3 of HIHP have unique gross and microscopic features, which require combination of proper endoscopic sampling and histological examination to correctly classify them.

Objective:To explore the correlation between water-soluble vitamin levels and clinical indicators and provide a theoretical basis for precise nutrition treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) .Methods:Clinical data of CKD patients who underwent water-soluble vitamin (B1, B2, B6, B9, B12, C) level tests at the First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University from Jan. 2016 to Dec. 2023 were collected and analyzed to investigate the relationship between water-soluble vitamin levels and clinical indicators.Results:The median values of B1 and B2 were 47.52 (range 41.65-135.36) and 184.52 (range 178.52-192.53), which were below the normal range. The results showed that age, serum creatinine, and fasting blood glucose in the low-level group for all vitamins were higher than those in the high-level group ( P<0.05). However, hemoglobin and estimated glomerular filtration rate were lower in the low-level group than those in the high-level group ( P<0.05). In the low-level group of B1, the percentage of neutrophils (NEUT%) was higher than that in the high-level group ( P<0.05). In CKD stage 5, the levels of all vitamins were lower than those of CKD stage 1 ( P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the levels of all vitamins were negatively correlated with CKD stage, with correlation coefficients of -0.329, -0.357, -0.345, -0.373, -0.386 and-0.351, respectively ( P<0.01) . Conclusions:Metabolic abnormalities of watersoluble vitamins are common in CKD, which are closely related to the progression of CKD, inflammation and anemia. Timely evaluation and intervention may be beneficial to prevent the progression of CKD and provide a new treatment strategy for precise nutrition intervention in CKD.

Objective:To explore the correlation between water-soluble vitamin levels and clinical indicators and provide a theoretical basis for precise nutrition treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) .Methods:Clinical data of CKD patients who underwent water-soluble vitamin (B1, B2, B6, B9, B12, C) level tests at the First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University from Jan. 2016 to Dec. 2023 were collected and analyzed to investigate the relationship between water-soluble vitamin levels and clinical indicators.Results:The median values of B1 and B2 were 47.52 (range 41.65-135.36) and 184.52 (range 178.52-192.53), which were below the normal range. The results showed that age, serum creatinine, and fasting blood glucose in the low-level group for all vitamins were higher than those in the high-level group ( P<0.05). However, hemoglobin and estimated glomerular filtration rate were lower in the low-level group than those in the high-level group ( P<0.05). In the low-level group of B1, the percentage of neutrophils (NEUT%) was higher than that in the high-level group ( P<0.05). In CKD stage 5, the levels of all vitamins were lower than those of CKD stage 1 ( P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the levels of all vitamins were negatively correlated with CKD stage, with correlation coefficients of -0.329, -0.357, -0.345, -0.373, -0.386 and-0.351, respectively ( P<0.01) . Conclusions:Metabolic abnormalities of watersoluble vitamins are common in CKD, which are closely related to the progression of CKD, inflammation and anemia. Timely evaluation and intervention may be beneficial to prevent the progression of CKD and provide a new treatment strategy for precise nutrition intervention in CKD.

Objective:To explore the dynamic relationship between college students' online psychological needs satisfaction dominance(OPNSD)and phubbing.OPNSD refers to the tendency of individuals to fulfill their basic psychological needs primarily through online environments.Methods:A sample of 340 college students from a university in Beijing participated in two data collections(T1 and T2)at 3-month intervals.OPNSD was calculated as the difference between scores on the Need Satisfaction Perceived Online Scale(NSPOS)and the Basic Need Sat-isfaction in General Scale(BNSGS).Phubbing and its 4 dimensions(self-isolation,nomophobia,interpersonal con-flict,and problem acknowledgment)were measured with the Generic Scale of Phubbing(GSP).A cross-lagged panel model was used to explore the relationship between the online psychological needs satisfaction dominance and phubbing.Results:Significant simultaneous(r=0.60,P＜0.001)and successive temporal(r=0.56,P＜0.001)correlations were observed between the OPNSD score and GSP score.T1 OPNSD score was positively associated with T2 GSP score in the dimensions of self-isolation,nomophobia,and interpersonal conflict(β=0.14,0.10,0.11;P＜0.001 or P＜0.05),but showed no association with the problem acknowledgement dimension score(β=0.07,P＞0.05).However,the four dimensions of T1 GSP score were not associated with T2 OPNSD score(Ps＞0.05).Conclusion:This study suggests that college students' online psychological needs satisfaction dominance positively predicts phubbing,highlighting the critical influence of online environments on mobile phone behaviors.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features, diagnosis, genetic alterations, and biological behaviors of hamartomatous inverted hyperplastic polyp (HIHP) in the gastrointestinal tract.Methods:The clinical, sonographic, endoscopic and pathologic data of 10 HIHP cases diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi′an, China from January 2013 to March 2024 were collected. Their clinicopathological features and histological morphology were analyzed. The cases were further divided into 3 histologic subtypes. Follow-up information was collected to analyze the relationship between histological subtype and prognosis.Results:There were 5 males and 5 females in this cohort. The age of onset was 45-68 years, with a median age of 60.5 years. The polyp-involved sites included 2 cases in gastric fundus, 6 cases in gastric body, 1 case in gastric antrum, and 1 case in duodenum. Digestive endoscopy showed mucosal protrusion lesions in all cases, except 1 case (case 10) of shallow depression on the surface, with the maximum diameter ranging 0.5-2.5 cm. Endoscopic ultrasonography showed multilocular cystic low-density shadows, with septal enhancement (case 4). The preoperative clinical diagnosis was gastric polyp, ectopic pancreas or gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Two cases showed type 1 morphology (i.e., connected with the mucosa, with clear smooth muscle boundaries). One of them (case 10) had a clear opening to form a vase-like morphology, while the other (case 4) had no obvious opening with the surface mucosa. Three cases showed type 2 morphology (i.e., not connected with the mucosa, with clear smooth muscle boundaries). Five cases showed type 3 morphology (i.e., not connected with the mucosa, without clear smooth muscle boundaries or hyperplastic smooth muscle that separated hyperplastic glands showing lobular configuration). Among them, one case of duodenal lesions (case 9) showed gastric type gland hyperplasia and expansion, including gastric fossa, gastric fundic gland and pyloric gland, with various arrangement and combination, accompanied by smooth muscle hyperplasia. In case 10, there was leiomyomatous proliferation in the stroma. The cases 2 and 4 had atypical glandular structures and cell morphology, but immunohistochemistry showed wild-type expression pattern of p53 and a Ki-67 proliferation index of less than 1%, suggesting that it was reactive atypia secondary to inflammation. The results showed that 3 cases had different gene mutations, and no recurrent gene change was identified. All patients survived without disease during the follow-up period of 1-130 months.Conclusions:HIHP is a benign lesion and has no consistently detectable genetic alterations. The histological characteristics of gastrointestinal polyps are complex. Especially, the types 1 and 3 of HIHP have unique gross and microscopic features, which require combination of proper endoscopic sampling and histological examination to correctly classify them.

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of triglyceride （TG）/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） ratio on the onset of primary liver cancer. MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted. Physical examination data were collected from 99 750 cases of on-the-job and retired employees of Kailuan Group who participated health examination from July 2006 to December 2007， and they were followed up till December 31， 2021 to observe the onset of primary liver cancer. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups， and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of continuous data with skewed distribution between multiple groups； the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. According to the tertiles of TG/HDL-C ratio， the subjects were divided into Q1， Q2， and Q3 groups， and the incidence density of primary liver cancer was calculated for each group. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the cumulative incidence rate of primary liver cancer in each group， and the log-rank test was used to compare the difference in cumulative incidence rate between groups. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the influence of TG/HDL-C ratio on the onset of primary liver cancer. ResultsThere were significant differences between the three groups in age， proportion of male subjects， waist circumference， body mass index， fasting blood glucose， systolic pressure， diastolic pressure， triglyceride， total cholesterol， HDL-C， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol， alanine aminotransferase， high-sensitivity C-reactive protein， chronic liver diseases， hypertension， diabetes， the family history of malignant tumor， drinking， smoking， physical exercise， and educational level （P<0.05）. During the mean follow-up time of 14.06±2.71 years， there were 484 cases of new-onset liver cancer， among whom there were 446 male subjects and 38 female subjects. The incidence density of primary liver cancer was 0.39/1 000 person-years in the Q1 group， 0.35/1 000 person-years in the Q2 group， and 0.30/1 000 person-years in the Q3 group， and the cumulative incidence rates of primary liver cancer in the three groups were 6.03‰， 5.28‰， and 4.49‰， respectively， with a significant difference between the three groups based on the long-rank test （χ²=6.06， P=0.048）. After adjustment for the confounding factors considered， the Cox proportional hazards model showed that compared with the Q3 group， the Q1 group had a hazard ratio of 2.04 （95% confidence interval ［CI］： 1.61‍ ‍—‍ ‍2.58， P_{for trend}<0.05）， and the Q2 group had a hazard ratio of 1.53 （95%CI： 1.21‍ ‍—‍ ‍1.92， P_{for trend}<0.05）. ConclusionThe reduction in TG/HDL-C ratio is associated with an increase in the rask of primary liver cancer， especially in people with chronic liver diseases.

Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy(PHO)is a rare disease also known as pachydermo-periostosis.We reported a painless case whose diagnosis was confirmed by genetic test.A 24-year-old male presented a series of symptoms that first began at 14.He suffered from progressive clubbed-fingers accompa-nied by swelling of the wrist and ankle joints.Facial skin concentric thickening and alar nose broadening ap-peared simultaneously and increased progressively.He was also prone to acne and hyperhidrosis.X-rays showed thickening of the metacarpal and phalangeal bones,as well as symmetrical periosteal ossification of both the tibia and fibula.Clinical diagnosis of PHO is difficult because of the variable features.With acromeg-aly excluded,the diagnosis was confirmed by a genetic test.Whole exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous SLCO2A1 c.611C＞T(p.Ser204Lue)and SLCO2A1 c.1602C＞A(p.Asn534Lys)mutation from each par-ent.It suggests that primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy should be considered for young limb hypertrophic patients especially when periosteal thickening signs were showed in X-ray.A confirmatory diagnosis can be made through the genetic test.