Objective:To analyze the extraction, chemical composition, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity of the TCM formula essential oil for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI); To provide a scientific basis for its further development.Methods:The formula essential oil was extracted using the steam distillation method and analyzed for chemical composition by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The DPPH, ABTS scavenging ability, and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of volatile oils were measured. The effect of the essential oil on the viability of RAW264.7 cells was assessed using the CCK-8 assay. ELISA and Western blot methods were used to determine the effects of volatile oil on LPS induced inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α.Results:The average extraction rate of the formula essential oil was 1.12%, with a density of 0.973 2 g/ml. Twelve main chemical components were identified, with 1,8-cineole (42.9%) and patchoulol (19.9%) being the predominant constituents. The essential oil exhibited DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capacities of 52% and 59%, respectively, and a hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity exceeding 70%. Essential oil could reduce the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α ( P<0.05). Conclusion:TCM formula essential oil for the treatment of URTI contains multiple bioactive components and demonstrates significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Xinglou Chengqi Decoction combined with Qingxin Xingshen Tongdu Acupuncture in treating cerebral edema after intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH).Methods Eighty-eight patients diagnosed with acute ICH who opted for conservative treatment were enrolled from the Department of Encephalopathy at Chengde Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between October 2023 and July 2024.Patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group using a random number table,with 44 cases in each group.The control group received conventional treatment,while the observation group received additional treatment with Xinglou Chengqi Decoction combined with Qingxin Xingshen Tongdu Acupuncture,both groups were treated for 4 weeks.After one month,clinical efficacy was evaluated,and the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)scores,Barthel Index(BI)scores,and volumes of cerebral hematoma and edema were compared before and after treatment.Serum levels of aquaporin-4(AQP4),central nervous system-specific protein(S-100B),high-mobility group box 1(HMGB-1),and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF)were also measured.Safety and adverse events were assessed.Results(1)The total effective rate was 93.18%(41/44)in the observation group versus 77.27%(34/44)in the control group,the clinial efficacy in the observation group was superior to the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the TCM syndrome scores,NIHSS scores,and BI scores of the two groups of patients significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the observation group was significantly superior to the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(3)After 7 days and 14 days of treatment,the cerebral haematoma and cerebral oedema volume of patients in the two groups significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the observation group was significantly superior to the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(4)After treatment,the serum AQP4,S-100B,HMGB-1,and GM-CSF levels of patients in the two groups significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the observation group was significantly superior to the control group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).(5)The adverse event rates were 6.82%(3/44)in the observation group and 4.55%(2/44)in the control group,the difference between the incidence rate of adverse reactions in the observation group and that in the control group was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion Xinglou Chengqi Decoction combined with Qingxin Xingshen Tongdu Acupuncture significantly improves serum AQP4,S-100B,HMGB-1,and GM-CSF levels,reduces neurological damage,cerebral hematoma and edema volumes,enhances daily living ability,and demonstrates high safety and efficacy in treating cerebral edema after ICH.

Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is one of the most common gynecological endocrine disorders.Most pathophysiological changes of PCOS begin in the peripubertal phase,and these pathophysiological changes will continuously affect women's health in the later stages of their lives.The pathogenic mechanisms of PCOS remain unclear,involving key aspects such as the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary function,ovarian cellular functions,androgen levels,and insulin resistance.Herein,we summarized the latest findings on the pathogenesis of PCOS from the perspectives of the genetic background,intrauterine development,neuroendocrine function,inflammatory factors,gut microbiome,and environmental factors.This review will help provide new ideas for a deeper understanding of the disease,as well as its clinical diagnosis and treatment.

ObjectiveTo explore the quality differences between steamed products and raw products of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium（CRP）. MethodThe color of steamed products and raw products of CRP was determined from the perspective of appearance by electronic eye technique， and the quality differences between them was objectively characterized by the luminous value（L^*）， yellow-blue value（b^*）， red-green value（a^*） and total chromatic value（E^*_ab）. Based on this， ultra-high performance liquid chromatography（UPLC） was used to establish a fingerprint evaluation method with the mobile phase of acetonitrile（A）-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（B） for gradient elution（0-5 min， 5%A； 5-30 min， 5%-20%A； 30-60 min， 20%-52%A）， detection wavelength at 270 nm， flow rate of 0.3 mL·min^-1 and column temperature of 30 ℃. The quality differences between steamed products and raw products of CRP were compared from the perspective of chemical composition， and correlation analysis was used to reveal the correlation between the difference in appearance color and the difference in internal chemical composition. ResultAfter being steamed， L^*， b^* and E^*_ab of CRP showed an overall decreasing trend， indicating that the color of the steamed products darkened and deepened from yellow to blue but still tended to be yellow， while a^* showed an overall increasing trend， indicating that the color of the steamed products tended to red. A total of 24 peaks were identified in the fingerprint profiles of raw products and steamed products of CRP， and 13 of the main peaks were identified. The precision， stability and repeatability studies showed that compared with the reference peak （peak 14， hesperidin）， the relative standard deviations（RSDs） of the relative peak area and relative retention time of the remaining peaks were<3.0%.The results of chemometric statistical analysis showed that there were some differences between raw products and steamed products of CRP， and 7 main differential components were identified， among which 5-hydroxymaltol（peak 1） and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural（peak 2） were the characteristic components of steamed products. The correlation analysis results showed that， in addition to the above two characteristic components， four components of peak 4， peak 10 （vicenin-2）， peak 23 （tangeretin） and peak 24 （5-demethylnobiletin） also correlated significantly with the color change （E^*_ab） of the samples （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionBefore and after steaming， not only the chemical composition changes， but also the color. Comparing the characteristic peaks of chemical composition difference and color difference before and after steaming of CRP， it is found that 5-hydroxymaltol， 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and peak 4 are common characteristic difference components， which can provide a reference for establishing the characteristic quality control method of steamed products， and quickly evaluating the quality difference between raw products and steamed products of CRP.

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare type of cerebrovascular disease, accounting for about 0.5% of all strokes. About 4% of patients with CVST have supratentorial brain parenchymal lesions and brain edema sufficient to cause brain hernia and neurological deterioration, which is called malignant CVST. Malignant CVST refers to the clinical (loss of consciousness, unilateral or bilateral pupil dilation) and imaging signs of supratentorial cortical lesions (ischemia or hemorrhage) accompanied by tentorial hiatal hernia formation at the onset or after treatment with heparin. For patients with malignant CVST, decompressive craniectomy is not only a life-saving treatment, but also can make most patients achieve good functional outcome.

Background: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a common adolescent skin condition which is mainly caused by Cutibacterium acnes overcolonization and subsequent inflammation. Objective: Our previous studies demonstrated that ethanol extracts of Meconopsis quintuplinervia Regel (EMQ) possess significant antimicrobial properties. However, their protective effects and potential mechanisms against AV remain unclear. Methods: In the present study, the EMQ treatment potential for AV was evaluated in a C.acnes-induced mouse ear edema model, and the EMQ anti-inflammatory mechanism was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Results: The results showed that EMQ alleviated edema formation and inflammatory cell infiltration in an acne mouse model by suppressing inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α expression. Moreover, EMQ inhibited the phosphorylation of MAP kinases (MAPKs) such as p38, JNK, and ERK, the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Conclusion These findings suggest the potent anti-inflammatory activity of EMQ is possibly through the regulation of the MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways. Inhibition of C. acnes activity combined with a powerful anti-inflammatory effect of EMQ indicated its potential as a novel therapeutic option for AV.

OBJECTIVE To establish the fingerprint and multi-component content determination method of Crataegus pinnatifida leaves from different producing areas， and to evaluate the quality of C. pinnatifida leaves and screen the differential markers. METHODS Seventy-eight batches of C. pinnatifida leaves were collected from Chengde of Hebei Province， Huludao of Liaoning Province， Yuncheng of Shanxi Province and Linyi of Shandong Province. High-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） and Similarity Evaluation System for Traditional Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprints （2012 edition） were used to draw the fingerprints and conduct similarity evaluation. Grey correlation analysis， cluster analysis （CA）， principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） were performed by using SPSS 19.0， MetaboAnalyst 5.0 and SIMCA 14.1 software. The differential markers affecting the quality of C. pinnatifida leaves were screened with variable importance in the projection （VIP） value greater than 1 and the error line not exceeding the origin as the criterion. Using vitexin rhamnoside as an internal reference， the contents of chlorogenic acid， glucosylvitexin， hypericin and isoquercetin in 78 batches of C. pinnatifida leaves were determined by the same HPLC combined with quantitative analysis of multi- components by single-marker （QAMS）， and the results were compared with external standard method. RESULTS Eight common peaks were calibrated in the fingerprints for 78 batches of C. pinnatifida leaves from 4 producing areas. Five known components were identified， including chlorogenic acid （peak 1）， glucosylvitexin （peak 3）， vitexin rhamnoside （peak 4）， hypericin （peak 7） and isoquercetin （peak 8）； their similarities ranged from 0.871 to 0.998. Average relative correlations of samples from Chengde of Hebei Province， Huludao of Liaoning Province， Yuncheng of Shanxi Province and Linyi of Shandong Province were 0.538， 0.528， 0.462 and 0.435， respectively. CA and PCA showed that the samples from Chengde of Hebei Province and Huludao of Liaoning Province were roughly classified into one category， while the samples from Linyi of Shandong Province and Yuncheng of Shanxi Province were roughly classified into one category； VIP values of peak 1， 2， 3 and 5 were all greater than 1. By QAMS， the relative correction factors of chlorogenic acid， glucosylvitexin， hypericin and isoquercetin were 0.401， 0.993， 1.670 and 1.615 （RSD＜2%）. Compared with external standard method， except for isoquercetin in the two batches of samples （S39 and S41）， there was no significant difference in the content of each component in other batches of samples （the relative deviations≤ 5%）. CONCLUSIONS The established fingerprint and QAMS method are simple to operate and can be used to evaluate the quality of C. pinnatifida leaves. The sample from Chengde of Hebei Province is relatively good in quality. Chlorogenic acid （peak 1）， glucosylvitexin （peak 3）， and the corresponding components of peaks 2 and 5 may be differential markers affecting the quality of C. pinnatifida leaves.

Objective:To investigate the awareness of diabetes knowledge among the health examination population and its influencing factors.Methods:A cross-sectional study. From september to november 2022, the subjects of six health examination centers located in six different cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Xiamen, Hangzhou) in China were investigated in the form of questionnaires to investigate the awareness of diabetes core information and the level of trust to different information sources of diabetes knowledge. According to the questionnaire results, the subjects were divided into a high awareness group of diabetes core information and a low awareness group. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of diabetes core information awareness; the t-test was used to compare the trust degree of the two groups to different information sources. Results:A total of 9 315 people were included in the six centers, including 4 932 men (52.90%) with an average age of (39.36±12.64) years and 4 383 women (47.10%) with a mean age of (37.47±11.85) years. Only 36% of the people had high awareness of diabetes core information; variables such as gender, age, education level, physical examination frequency in the past three years, package price of this physical examination, self-evaluation of diabetes knowledge, diabetes status, and city of residence were variables that affect the level of awareness of core information related to diabetes (all P<0.05). Compared with the low awareness group of diabetes core information, the high awareness group trusted professional medical staff ( t=-9.597, P<0.05) and community health promotion more ( t=-5.014, P<0.05), but did not trust the emerging popular science propaganda means, such as WeChat official accounts/WeChat groups/QQ groups, Internet web page, Tiktok/Kwai and other short video APPs. Conclusion:The awareness rate of diabetes knowledge among the health examination population is low, and it is affected by many factors; Health education on diabetes knowledge should be carried out for people undergoing physical examination.

Humans ; Neutrophils ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; HIV Infections ; Isoantigens