Liver cancers are characterized by high heterogeneity and complexity,posing significant challenges in early diagnosis and prognosis,which burden patients and healthcare systems.Blood metabolomics,an emerging system biology technology,analyzes small molecular metabolites in the blood to reveal metabolic features of tumors,offering novel insights for the early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of liver cancers.In recent years,substantial progress has been made in identifying specific blood metabolic biomarkers for liver cancers,including hepatocellular carcinoma,intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,and metastatic liver cancer,laying the foundation for more precise personalized treatments.However,current studies face limitations such as small sample sizes,insufficient biomarker validation,and the need for standardization.Large-scale,multi-center studies and integrated multi-omics analyses are urgently required to optimize and validate the application of blood metabolomics.This review summarizes the current state of research on blood metabolomics in liver cancers,focusing on its potential and challenges in early diagnosis and prognosis prediction,aiming to provide insights into precision diagnosis and treatment of liver cancers.

Liver cancers are characterized by high heterogeneity and complexity,posing significant challenges in early diagnosis and prognosis,which burden patients and healthcare systems.Blood metabolomics,an emerging system biology technology,analyzes small molecular metabolites in the blood to reveal metabolic features of tumors,offering novel insights for the early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of liver cancers.In recent years,substantial progress has been made in identifying specific blood metabolic biomarkers for liver cancers,including hepatocellular carcinoma,intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,and metastatic liver cancer,laying the foundation for more precise personalized treatments.However,current studies face limitations such as small sample sizes,insufficient biomarker validation,and the need for standardization.Large-scale,multi-center studies and integrated multi-omics analyses are urgently required to optimize and validate the application of blood metabolomics.This review summarizes the current state of research on blood metabolomics in liver cancers,focusing on its potential and challenges in early diagnosis and prognosis prediction,aiming to provide insights into precision diagnosis and treatment of liver cancers.

Purpose: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is strongly recommended for advanced gastric cancer due to good local control and a high rate of R0 dissection with this strategy. Minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopy-assisted or total laparoscopic approaches is becoming more and more acceptable in the treatment for gastric cancer. However, the safety and efficiency of total laparoscopic D2 gastrectomy (TLG) for advanced gastric cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy have not been well evaluated. Methods: A retrospective study in a single center from 2014 to 2016 was conducted. A total of 65 locally advanced gastric cancers were treated by laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) or TLG. Parameters which include operation time, blood loss, complications, hospital stay, 3-year overall survival, and 3-year disease-free survival were used for comparison. Results: The time of operation in the TLG group was shorter than in the LAG group (P = 0.013), blood loss was less (P = 0.002) and time to first flatus was shorter (P = 0.039) in the TLG group than that in the LLG group. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were comparable in both groups. No significant difference was found in 3-year overall and disease-free survival. Conclusion For patients with locally advanced gastric cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, laparoscopic D2 gastrectomy can be considered as a safe and efficient alternative. A further multicenter prospective randomized controlled study is needed to elucidate the applicability of this technique for advanced gastric cancer.

Objective:To investigate the perioperative efficacy of robot surgical system assisted anatomic and non-anatomic hepatectomy.Methods:The propensity score matching and retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinical data of 103 patients who underwent robot surgical system assisted hepatectomy in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Affiliated with the Zhejiang University School of Medicine from March 2016 to December 2021 were collected. There were 54 males and 49 females, aged 56(range, 44?64)years. Of the 103 patients, 55 cases undergoing robot surgical system assisted anatomic hepatectomy were divided into the anatomic group, and 48 cases undergoing robot surgical system assisted non-anatomic hepatectomy were divided into the non-anatomic group. Observation indicators: (1) propensity score matching and comparison of general data of patients between the two groups after matching; (2) intraoperative conditions; (3) perioperative complications. Propensity score matching was done by the 1:1 nearest neighbor matching method. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were expressed as M(range), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Comparison of ordinal data was conducted using the rank sum test. Results:(1) Propensity score matching and compari-son of general data of patients between the two groups after matching. Of the 103 patients, 94 cases were successfully matched, including 47 cases in the anatomic group and 47 cases in the non-anatomic group. The elimination of preoperative body mass index, preoperative platelet and preoperative albumin confounding bias ensured comparability between the two groups after propensity score matching. (2) Intraoperative conditions. After propensity score matching, the operation time and volume of intraoperative blood loss were 175(range, 120?240)minutes and 50(range, 50?100)mL in patients of the anatomic group, versus 155(range, 105?190)minutes and 100(range, 50?200)mL in patients of the non-anatomic group, showing significant differences in the above indicators between the two groups ( Z=1.97, 2.49, P<0.05). (3) Perioperative complications. After propensity score matching, cases with pleural fluid and/or ascites, case with biliary fistula, case with thrombosis, case with peritoneal infection, case with incision infection were 11, 1, 2, 4, 1 in patients of the anatomic group, versus 12, 0, 4, 1, 0 in patients of the non-anatomic group, showing no significant difference in the above indicators between the two groups ( P>0.05). Cases with complications classified as grade Ⅰ, grade Ⅱ, grade Ⅲ, grade Ⅳ of the Clavien-Dindo classification were 33, 14, 0, 0 in patients of the anatomic group, versus 28, 14, 3, 2 in patients of the non-anatomic group, showing no significant difference in the above indicators between the two groups ( Z=?1.38, P>0.05). Conclusions:Robotic surgical system assisted anatomic and non-anatomic hepatectomy are safe and feasible for clinical application. Compared with robot surgical system assisted non-anatomic hepatectomy, patients under-going robot surgical system assisted anatomic hepatectomy have long operation time and less volume of intraoperative blood loss.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of Guanqiao Zhengqi holistic therapy in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. Methods:A total of 200 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who received treatment in the Department of Otolaryngology, Shanxi Provincial Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Hospital ( n = 72) and Shanxi Yishengtang Traditional Chinese Medicine Center ( n = 128) from January 2021 to January 2022 were included in this study. These patients were randomly assigned to undergo treatment either with mometasone furoate nasal spray and levocetirizine hydrochloride tablets (control group, n = 100) or Guanqiao Zhengqi holistic therapy combined with mometasone furoate nasal spray and levocetirizine hydrochloride tablets (observation group). All patients were treated for 4 weeks and followed up for 3 months. Clinical efficacy, modified Visual Analogue Scale score, Lund-Kennedy endoscopy scoring system score, and duration of glucocorticoid and anti-leukotriene use were compared between the two groups. Results:The total response rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [92.00% (92/100) vs. 73.00% (73/100), χ2 = 18.45, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the modified Visual Analogue Scale score between the two groups before treatment ( Z = 1.37, P = 0.170). There was a significant difference in the modified Visual Analogue Scale score between the two groups after treatment ( Z = -5.27, P < 0.001). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the Lund-Kennedy endoscopy scoring system score between the two groups ( Z = -1.65, P = 0.098) and the Lund-Kennedy endoscopy scoring system score differed significantly between the two groups after treatment ( Z = -6.03, P < 0.001). The duration of glucocorticoid and anti-leukotriene use in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group [10.00 (10.00, 14.00) days vs. 42.00 (28.00, 70.00) days, 7.00 (7.00, 7.00) days vs. 21.00 (14.00, 26.25) days, Z = -11.27, P < 0.001, Z = -12.31, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Based on the conventional treatment with western medicine, Guanqiao Zhengqi holistic therapy for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis can effectively reduce clinical symptoms, reduce the dose of hormones and anti-leukotriene used, shorten the use cycle, and improve the therapeutic efficacy.

Purpose: Our study aimed to make a propensity score matching (PSM) analysis on the clinical application of gastricjejunum pouch anastomosis (GJPA) and Billroth-II anastomosis after distal gastrectomy. Methods: We collected clinical data from 249 patients who received distal gastrectomy from January 2016 to July 2020. According to the reconstruction method used, all patients were divided into the Billroth-II group and the GJPA group. Clinical data and operation complications were analyzed. Results: The clinical characteristics of the 2 groups were comparable after PSM. In the Billroth-II group, the incidence rate of delayed gastric emptying was higher than that in the GJPA group. Fewer patients suffered reflux gastritis in the GJPA group. The RGB (residue, gastritis, and bile) scores related to the severity of bile reflux into the remnant stomach, gastritis, and residue were higher in the Billroth-II group. Postoperative nutritional status and Visick classification demonstrated that postoperative subjective feelings in the GJPA group were improved significantly. Conclusion The application of GJPA in reconstruction after distal gastrectomy is safe, economical, and reliable. This reconstruction improved the quality of life of patients. It is worth popularizing widely in clinical settings.

Although surgical resection is currently recognized as the only effective treatment for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC),it is extremely difficult to diagnose because there are no obvious clinical symptoms at the early stage.Patients are often diagnosed at the advanced stage and the lesion cannot be resected which leads to limited systemic chemotherapy.So the mortality is still high.Accurate treatment is a hot topic in the medical field,and more and more attentions have been paid to enhance the treatments of patients.This article reviewed the issues related to surgical treatment,chemotherapy,molecular targeted therapy,and immunotherapy in patients with ICC,and focuses on the latest progress of molecular targeted therapy.

Objective To study the expression of VEGF-C and it's relationship with pathologic characteristics in rectal cancer.Method In this study 82 patients of mid to low rectal cancer underwent radieal resection from December 2007 to August 2008.Tumor tissues and lymph nodes were studied by immunohistochemical staining for VEGF-C expression in the tumor tissue and CK20 expression in D3 lymph nodes.Results were compared with the pathological results of mesenterium lymph nodes to explain the relationships between VEGF-C expressions and clinical pathologic characteristics.Data were analyzed with Chi square test.Result As for the expression of VEGF-C.significant differences were found between tumor stages(X~2=8.529,P<0.05)and between positive and negative lymph node metastasis(X~2=4.712,P<0.05).but there was no difference between that of mesenterium lymph node metastasis and D3 lymph node micrometastasis(X~2=0.017,P>0.05). Conclmion In rectal cancer,VEGF-C expression is correlated with tumor stage,type,metastasis and micrometastasis of lymph node.

Objective To analyze the relationship between the expression of MHC class I chain-related gene A/B(MICA/B) on different human cancer cells and their sensitivity to NK cell cytotoxicity.Methods Hie expression MICA/B in K562,Bcap37,769P and A549 cells was measured by FACS.Isolation of NK cells were obtained by the modified RosetteSep~((R)) procedure.Cytotoxicity of NK cells at different ef0.50)%,(90.72±0.64)%,(55.59±0.55)%,and(3.84±0.10)% respectively.The purity of NK cells obtained by the modified RosetteSep~((R)) procedure was(96.52±2.42)%,whereas the cytotoxicity of NK cells against K562,Bcap39 and 769P was much higher than that of A549(P<0.01).The expression of MICA/B was significantly correlated with the cytotoxicity of NK cells at E:T ratios of 5:1,10:1 and 20:1 respectively(P<0.01).Conclusion The MICA/B expression on cancer cell lines was correlated with NK cell-mediated cytolysis and influenced the cytotoxicity of NK cells.

Objective To extract exosomes from dendritic cell (DC)and investigate antitumor effect of the special cytotoxic T lymphocytes activated by exosomes against 769-P.Methods Monocytes from peripheral blood of healthy donors were cultured to induce DC in intro and their phenotypes were analyzed by FACS.The exosomes were extracted from DC by ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation and observed under electric microscope.Proliferation of T cells and the cytotoxicities of CTL against 769-P induced by exosome were measured by MTT.Results The exosomes could be separated from culture supernatant of DC by ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation.The combination of the exosomes from DC and the 769-P antigen could effectively stimulate T cell proliferation and enhance their cytotoxicity, the absorption value of T cell proliferation(1.68±0.22), the cytotoxicity of CTL(38.23±2.16)%.Conclusion The exosomes extracted by ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation can present tumor antigen to T cells and induce the cytotoxicity of CTL.