Cancer-induced bone pain(CIBP)causes substantial suffering for cancer patients and also diminishes their quality of life and self-esteem.The mechanisms underlying CIBP are complex and evolve progressively with cancer advancement.Current treatment options show limited efficacy and are often accompanied by adverse effects.Traditional Chinese medicine demonstrates potential advantages in managing CIBP;however,the mechanisms of action remain poorly understood and require further investigation.The development of a standardized,stable,and reproducible animal model is crucial to advancing research on disease pathogenesis and verifying the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.This review considers recent method for modeling CIBP in animals and summarizes the application of these models in studies of traditional Chinese medicine mechanisms,with the aim of guiding future research directions in CIBP.

[Purpose]To analyze cancer incidence and mortality in Liaoning cancer registration areas from 2016 to 2020 and the trends from 2006 to 2020.[Methods]Cancer data in cancer registra-tion areas in Liaoning Province from 2016 to 2020 were collected.The incidence and mortality,age-standardized rate,cumulative rate(0～74 years old),and age-specific rate were calculated.Age-standardized incidence and mortality rate were calculated by the Chinese standard popula-tion(ASIRC,ASMRC)and Segi world standard population(ASIRW,ASMRW).Joinpoint software was applied to analyze the trends of incidence and mortality.[Results]From 2016 to 2020,the crude incidence rate of cancer in Liaoning cancer registration areas was 422.30/105,the ASIRC and ASIRW were 215.67/105 and 209.52/105.The ASIRC was higher in urban areas(225.00/105)than that in rural areas(190.15/105),and higher in male(221.47/105)than that in female(213.03/105).The crude mortality rate was 254.22/105,the ASMRC and ASMRW were 113.26/105 and 112.91/105.The ASMRC in urban areas(113.12/105)was the same as that in rural areas(113.01/105),and higher in male(146.86/105)than that in female(83.46/105).The ASIRW of lung cancer was 46.13/105,and the ASMRW was 32.04/105,both ranking the first of all cancers.From 2006 to 2020,the crude incidence,ASIRC and ASIRW in urban areas showed an increasing trend(AAPC=3.921％,t=16.222,P＜0.05;AAPC=0.823％,t=2.409,P＜0.05;AAPC=0.875％,t=2.933,P＜0.05).The crude incidence,ASIRC and ASIRW in urban female were all rising(AAPC=4.151％,t=15.888,P＜0.05;AAPC=1.597％,t=4.819,P＜0.05;AAPC=1.514％,t=4.752,P＜0.05).During the same period,the cancer mortality in urban areas showed an increasing trend(AAPC=3.175％,t=14.745,P＜0.05),and the ASMRW showed a decreasing trend(AAPC=-0.908％,t=-2.273,P＜0.05).The crude mor-tality of both men and women showed an increasing trend(AAPC=3.010％,t=6.032,P＜0.05;AAPC=2.820％,t=5.921,P＜0.05),while the crude mortality and ASMRW for female showed a significant downward trend(AAPC=-1.487％,t=-2.437,P＜0.05;AAPC=-2.680％,t=-2.246,P＜0.05).From 2016 to 2020,the crude incidence,ASIRC and ASIRW in rural areas showed no significant change;however,the crude incidence in male was increasing(AAPC=2.025％,t=3.853,P＜0.05).In the same period,the crude mortality rate in rural areas increased(AAPC=3.577％,t=9.377,P＜0.05),while there was no significant change in the ASMRC and ASMRW.The crude mortality of both men and women showed an increasing trend(AAPC=3.377％,t=10.615,P＜0.05;AAPC=3.978％,t=7.245,P＜0.05),while there was no significant change in ASMRC and ASMRW.[Conclusion]The cancer burden in Liaoning from 2016 to 2020 was higher than the average level in China,can-cer prevention and control should be further strengthened in the provice.

[Purpose]To analyze cancer incidence and mortality in Liaoning cancer registration areas from 2016 to 2020 and the trends from 2006 to 2020.[Methods]Cancer data in cancer registra-tion areas in Liaoning Province from 2016 to 2020 were collected.The incidence and mortality,age-standardized rate,cumulative rate(0～74 years old),and age-specific rate were calculated.Age-standardized incidence and mortality rate were calculated by the Chinese standard popula-tion(ASIRC,ASMRC)and Segi world standard population(ASIRW,ASMRW).Joinpoint software was applied to analyze the trends of incidence and mortality.[Results]From 2016 to 2020,the crude incidence rate of cancer in Liaoning cancer registration areas was 422.30/105,the ASIRC and ASIRW were 215.67/105 and 209.52/105.The ASIRC was higher in urban areas(225.00/105)than that in rural areas(190.15/105),and higher in male(221.47/105)than that in female(213.03/105).The crude mortality rate was 254.22/105,the ASMRC and ASMRW were 113.26/105 and 112.91/105.The ASMRC in urban areas(113.12/105)was the same as that in rural areas(113.01/105),and higher in male(146.86/105)than that in female(83.46/105).The ASIRW of lung cancer was 46.13/105,and the ASMRW was 32.04/105,both ranking the first of all cancers.From 2006 to 2020,the crude incidence,ASIRC and ASIRW in urban areas showed an increasing trend(AAPC=3.921％,t=16.222,P＜0.05;AAPC=0.823％,t=2.409,P＜0.05;AAPC=0.875％,t=2.933,P＜0.05).The crude incidence,ASIRC and ASIRW in urban female were all rising(AAPC=4.151％,t=15.888,P＜0.05;AAPC=1.597％,t=4.819,P＜0.05;AAPC=1.514％,t=4.752,P＜0.05).During the same period,the cancer mortality in urban areas showed an increasing trend(AAPC=3.175％,t=14.745,P＜0.05),and the ASMRW showed a decreasing trend(AAPC=-0.908％,t=-2.273,P＜0.05).The crude mor-tality of both men and women showed an increasing trend(AAPC=3.010％,t=6.032,P＜0.05;AAPC=2.820％,t=5.921,P＜0.05),while the crude mortality and ASMRW for female showed a significant downward trend(AAPC=-1.487％,t=-2.437,P＜0.05;AAPC=-2.680％,t=-2.246,P＜0.05).From 2016 to 2020,the crude incidence,ASIRC and ASIRW in rural areas showed no significant change;however,the crude incidence in male was increasing(AAPC=2.025％,t=3.853,P＜0.05).In the same period,the crude mortality rate in rural areas increased(AAPC=3.577％,t=9.377,P＜0.05),while there was no significant change in the ASMRC and ASMRW.The crude mortality of both men and women showed an increasing trend(AAPC=3.377％,t=10.615,P＜0.05;AAPC=3.978％,t=7.245,P＜0.05),while there was no significant change in ASMRC and ASMRW.[Conclusion]The cancer burden in Liaoning from 2016 to 2020 was higher than the average level in China,can-cer prevention and control should be further strengthened in the provice.

Cancer-induced bone pain(CIBP)causes substantial suffering for cancer patients and also diminishes their quality of life and self-esteem.The mechanisms underlying CIBP are complex and evolve progressively with cancer advancement.Current treatment options show limited efficacy and are often accompanied by adverse effects.Traditional Chinese medicine demonstrates potential advantages in managing CIBP;however,the mechanisms of action remain poorly understood and require further investigation.The development of a standardized,stable,and reproducible animal model is crucial to advancing research on disease pathogenesis and verifying the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.This review considers recent method for modeling CIBP in animals and summarizes the application of these models in studies of traditional Chinese medicine mechanisms,with the aim of guiding future research directions in CIBP.

BACKGROUND: Given the general unavailability, common adverse effects, and complicated administration of tetracycline, the clinical application of classic bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) is greatly limited. Whether minocycline can replace tetracycline for Helicobacter pylori ( H . pylori ) eradication is unknown. We aimed to compare the eradication rate, safety, and compliance between minocycline- and tetracycline-containing BQT as first-line regimens. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 434 naïve patients with H . pylori infection. The participants were randomly assigned to 14-day minocycline-containing BQT group (bismuth potassium citrate 110 mg q.i.d., esomeprazole 20 mg b.i.d., metronidazole 400 mg q.i.d., and minocycline 100 mg b.i.d.) and tetracycline-containing BQT group (bismuth potassium citrate/esomeprazole/metronidazole with doses same as above and tetracycline 500 mg q.i.d.). Safety and compliance were assessed within 3 days after eradication. Urea breath test was performed at 4-8 weeks after eradication to evaluate outcome. We used a noninferiority test to compare the eradication rates of the two groups. The intergroup differences were evaluated using Pearson chi-squared or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and Student's t -test for continuous variables. RESULTS: As for the eradication rates of minocycline- and tetracycline-containing BQT, the results of both intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses showed that the difference rate of lower limit of 95% confidence interval (CI) was >-10.0% (ITT analysis: 181/217 [83.4%] vs . 180/217 [82.9%], with a rate difference of 0.5% [-6.9% to 7.9%]; PP analysis: 177/193 [91.7%] vs . 176/191 [92.1%], with a rate difference of -0.4% [-5.6% to 6.4%]). Except for dizziness more common (35/215 [16.3%] vs . 13/214 [6.1%], P = 0.001) in minocycline-containing therapy groups, the incidences of adverse events (75/215 [34.9%] vs . 88/214 [41.1%]) and compliance (195/215 [90.7%] vs . 192/214 [89.7%]) were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The eradication efficacy of minocycline-containing BQT was noninferior to tetracycline-containing BQT as first-line regimen for H . pylori eradication with similar safety and compliance. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, ChiCTR 1900023646.
Humans ; Bismuth/therapeutic use* ; Metronidazole/therapeutic use* ; Esomeprazole/pharmacology* ; Minocycline/pharmacology* ; Helicobacter pylori ; Potassium Citrate/therapeutic use* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Tetracycline/adverse effects* ; Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy* ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Amoxicillin

Early detection and intervention is an important strategy for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease(AD). Blood screening for AD has advantages such as low cost and convenient sample collection.However, there are also problems such as low levels of markers in peripheral blood and insufficient sensitivity of detection methods.At present, as a highly sensitive detection technology for protein molecules, single-molecule array(Simoa)technology can accurately analyze low-concentration biomarkers that cannot be detected by traditional methods.This article reviews research progress on blood neuronal markers for early AD diagnosis based on the new Simoa technology.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a representative probiotic. As the dominant flora in the human intestinal tract, LAB can regulate the balance of human intestinal flora and improve host health. The purpose of this study was to isolate and screen LAB that are well suited to the intestinal characteristics of the Chinese population, with excellent probiotics and high antibacterial activity. After 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) homology and phylogenetic tree analysis, potential probiotics were tested for their antibacterial activity, resistance to artificial gastrointestinal fluid and drugs, surface hydrophobicity, and safety. Three strains of LAB with acid resistance, bile salt resistance, epithelial cell adhesion, and no multidrug resistance were selected:

Objective:To explore the performance of the commonly used whole blood C-reactive protein (CRP) detection systems and give related recommendation on the performance requirements of detection systems.Methods:A total of 7 540 venous blood samples from 26 maternal, child and children′s hospitals were collected to conduct this multi-center study on the analytical performance of 5 commonly used whole blood CRP detection systems from March to April in 2019. The blank check, carryover, repeatability, intermediate precision, linearity, sample stability, influence of hematocrit/triglyceride/bilirubin, comparison with SIEMENS specific protein analyzer and trueness were evaluated. The 5 systems included BC-5390CRP autohematology analyzer, AstepPLUS specific protein analyzer, Ottoman-1000 Automated Specific Protein POCT Workstation, i-CHROMA Immunofluorometer equipment Reader and Orion QuikRead go detecting instrument. The 5 systems were labeled as a, b, c, d and e randomly.Results:Within the 5 systems, all values of blank check were less than 1.00 mg/L, the carryovers were lower than 1.00%. The repeatability of different ranges of CRP concentrations including 3.00-10.00, 10.00-30.00 and>30.00 mg/L were less than 10.00%, 6.00% and 5.00%, respectively, and the intermediate precision was less than 10.00%. The linearity correlation coefficients of the 5 systems were all above 0.975, while the slope was within 0.950-1.050. Whole blood samples were stable within 72 hours both at room temperature (18-25 ℃) and refrigerated temperature (2-8 ℃). The CRP results were rarely influenced by high triglyceride or bilirubin, except for the immmunoturbidimetric test based on microparticles coated with anti-human CRP F(ab) 2 fragments. When triglyceride was less than 15.46 mmol/L, the deviation of CRP was less than 10.00%. When bilirubin was less than 345.47 μmol/L, the deviation of CRP was less than 10.00%. CRP was more susceptible to Hct on the systems without Hct correction. The deviation of CRP between different Hct dilution concentration and 40% dilution concentration can reach as high as 67.48%. The correlation coefficients ( r) of 5 systems were all more than 0.975 in the range of 0-300.00 mg/L compared with Siemens specific protein analyzer. All systems passed the trueness verification using the samples with specified values of 12.89 and 30.60 mg/L. Conclusion:The performance of 5 systems can basically meet the clinical needs, but it is suggested that the whole blood CRP detection system without automatic Hct correction should be modified manually.

OBJECTIVE：To systemat ically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ubrogepant and Rimegepant in the treatment of acute migraine ，and to provide evidence-based reference for the clinical treatment. METHODS ：Retrieved from PubMed ，Embase， Cochrane Library ，CNKI，VIP，Wanfang database and Clinicaltrials. gov ，randomized controlled trials （RCTs） about the Ubrogepant and Rimegepant （trial group ）versus placebo （control group ）in the treatment of acute migraine were collected during the inception to Jan. 2020. After literature screening and data extraction ，quality assessment was performed using the bias risk assessment tool provided by the Cochrane system evaluator manual 5.1.0. Meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 16.0 software. RESULTS ：Eight RCTs with a total of 7 989 patients were included. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the proportion of patients who were free from pain at 2 h postdose in Ubrogepant group [RR ＝1.65，95％CI（1.38，1.98），P＜0.001] and Rimegepant group [RR ＝1.69，95％CI（1.46，1.95），P＜0.001]，the proportion of patients who were free from the most bothersome symptom at 2 h postdose in Ubrogepant group [RR ＝1.35，95％ CI（1.20，1.53），P＜0.001] and Rimegepant group [RR ＝1.37，95％CI（1.24，1.51），P＜0.001]，and other secondary outcome indicators （ i.e. the proportion of patients with pain relief at 2 h postdose ，the proportion of patients with sustained freedom from pain from 2-24 h postdose ，the proportion of patients with sustained pain relief from 2-24 h postdose ，the proportion of patients without photophobia at 2 h postdose ，the proportion of patients without phonophobia at 2 h postdose ，the proportion of patients without nausea at 2 h postdose ）were all significantly better than control group （P＜0.05）. In terms of safety ，there was no statistical significance in the incidence of total ADR between Ubrogepant group and control group [RR ＝1.04，95％CI（0.87，1.25），P＝0.646]，but the incidence of total ADR in Rimegepant group were significantly higher than control group [RR ＝1.23，95％ CI（1.01，1.50），P＝0.043]. There was no statistical significance in other security indicators （i.e. incidence of nausea ，dizziness，dry mouth ，somnolence，urinary tract infection）in 2 groups（P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：Ubrogepant and Rimegepant are effective in the treatment of acute migraine. Ubrogepant is safe ，while Rimegepant may increase the incidence of ADR.

Objective:To qualitatively analyze the elasticity characteristics of boundaries and surrounding liver tissue of focal liver lesions (FLL) by real-time shear wave elastography (SWE), and to analyze the relating influencing factors.Methods:One hundred and fifty-two patients with FLLs (152 lesions) from February 2012 to October 2013 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University were collected. SWE of FLLs and the surrounding liver tissue was performed and baseline clinical data were collected. The elastic boundary (clear or not clear) of FLLs and elasticity distributions of surrounding liver tissue and their influencing factors were analyzed.Results:A total of 26 benign lesions and 126 malignant lesions were included in this study. Twenty-five cases (96.2%) of benign lesions showed clear elastic boundaries and 1 case (3.8%) showed unclear elastic boundary while 82 cases (65.1%) of malignant lesions showed clear elastic boundaries and 44 cases (34.9%) showed unclear elastic boundaries. Multivariate analysis showed benign/malignant lesion was an independent influencing factor for elastic boundary ( P<0.05). Twenty cases (76.9%), 6 cases (23.1%) and 0 case of liver tissue around benign lesions showed type A, B and C elastic distribution respectively while 17 cases (13.5%), 60 cases (47.6%), and 49 cases (38.9%) of liver tissue around malignant lesions showed type A, B, and C elastic distribution. There were statistically significant differences of benign and malignant lesions, different viral hepatitis backgrounds, different gender, and different ALB, TBIL, ALT levels in elasticity distributions of surrounding liver tissue of FLLs among type A, B and C (all P<0.05) while there was no significant difference in different lesion size( P=0.036). Conclusions:The elasticity characteristics of boundaries and surrounding liver tissue of FLLs on SWE images can provide a reference for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant FLLs. The elastic characteristics of surrounding liver tissue of FLLs are influenced by the nature of lesions and the background of liver disease, but are not influenced by lesion size. Further quantitative studies of elasticity characteristics of boundaries and surrounding liver tissue are needed for the differential diagnosis of different types of FLLs.