OBJECTIVE To establish an HPLC method for determination of the related substances in papaverine hydrochloride. METHODS NanoChrom ChromCore 120 C8 column was used; the mobile phase A consisted of 3.4 g·L−1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, adjust pH to 3.5 with phosphoric acid-acetonitrile(90∶10), the mobile phase B was methanol, with gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.8 mL·min−1; the detection wavelength was 238 nm; the column temperature was 50 ℃. RESULTS The minimum separation between the main component and each impurity was >1.5; Papaverine and its thirteen impurities showed a good linear relationship in the self-concentration range(r>0.999); and the average recoveries were 93.1%−101.2% with RSDs of 2.3%−8.1%. CONCLUSION The method is accurate, sensitive and reliable, which is suitable for the determination of related substances in papaverine hydrochloride.

Objective To explore the optimal virtual monoenergetic image of superior thyroid artery(STA)based on dual-layer spectral detector CT,and to optimize the image quality of STA.Methods A total of 100 patients who underwent dual-phase neck enhanced spectral CT scan were selected retrospectively.The 120 kVp conventional images and the 40-70 keV(interval of 10 keV)virtual monoenergetic images in the arterial phase were analyzed.The CT values,background noise,signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)of blood vessels and surrounding tissues were analyzed in the five groups of images,and the image quality was scored.Results In monoenergetic image groups,the CT values,SNR and CNR of STA increased with the monoenergetic level decreased,and the highest values were found when the monoenergetic level was 40 keV,which was significantly higher than those in the 120 kVp conventional image group(P＜0.05).The background noise increased with the monoenergetic level decreased,and reached the maximum at 40 keV,but it was still lower than that in the 120 kVp conventional image group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.001).The subjective score of 40 keV image was significantly better than that of 120 kVp conventional image group(P＜0.001).In the evaluation of the origin of the STA in 100 patients,a total of 200 STA were shown,69％of which originated from the external carotid artery.Conclusion The image quality of the STA on the 40 keV monoenergetic image is significantly higher than that on the conventional image,which has obvious advantages in evaluating the anatomy of the STA.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics, risk factors for critical illness and death of severe adenovirus pneumonia in children, so as to provide clinical evidences for early diagnosis and reliable treatment.Methods:A total of 75 pediatric cases with severe adenovirus pneumonia admitted to Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January to October 2019 were studied. The clinical features, laboratory and imaging data, therapeutic approaches, efficacy of the treatments and prognosis were investigated retrospectively. Patients were divided into severe group and critical group. Chi square test and Mann-Whitney U rank sum test were used to analyze the data of the two groups. The risk factors for critical illness and death were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression. Results:Among the 75 children, there were 52 males and 23 females, aged from 3 months to 8 years, including 30 of severe cases and 45 of critical case. The positive rate of adenovirus antigen in nasopharyngeal swab was 21% (15/72), and the positive rate of serum adenovirus IgM antibody was only 13% (10/75). However, the positive rate of adenovirus nucleic acid in nasopharyngeal swab was 75% (21/28). What is more, the positive rates of metagenomics next generation sequencing (mNGS) in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were 92% (33/36) and 96% (54/56), respectively, of which 95% (63/66) were confirmed as adenovirus type 7. Relatively high dose of ribavirin and integrated therapeutic approaches (respiratory support, glucocorticoids, immunoglobulin and organ supportive therapies) were used. The recovery rate was 77% (58/75), the improvement rate was 8% (6/75) and the mortality rate was 15% (11/75). The proportion of children with the duration of fever longer than 3 days after ribavirin treatment in the critical group was significantly higher than that in the severe group(51% (18/35) vs. 8% (2/26), χ 2=12.949, P<0.05). The risk factors for critical illness were younger than 4 years, longer duration of fever before and after admission to PICU, oxygenation index<300 mmHg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa), ferritin>1 000 μg/L, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)>1 500 U/L, 5 lung lobes involvement, pleural effusion and (or) air leakage (all P<0.05). Among them, 5 lung lobes involvement was the independent risk factor for critical illness (adjusted OR=49.641, 95% CI 4.186-588.618, P=0.002). Risk factors for death included longer duration of fever after being admitted to PICU, oxygenation index<100 mmHg, ferritin>2 000 μg/L, interleukin (IL)-6>100 ng/L, LDH>1 500 U/L, pleural effusion and (or) air leakage (all P<0.05). Among them, IL-6>100 ng/L was the independent risk factor for the mortalities of critically ill children (adjusted OR=16.094, 95% CI2.059-25.787, P=0.008). Conclusions:The mortality rate of severe pediatric adenovirus pneumonia caused by adenovirus type 7 is high. High positive rates of adenovirus nucleic acid in nasopharyngeal swabs and mNGS in plasma or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid contribute to early diagnosis, and mNGS can also be used for serotyping. Younger children under 4 years of age, persistent fever, extensive pulmonary lesions and significantly increased inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 are warning indicators for critical illness and poor prognosis. Relatively high dose of ribavirin combined with integrated therapeutic approaches are beneficial for prognosis.

Ubiquitination, an essential post-transcriptional modification (PTM), plays a vital role in nearly every biological process, including development and growth. Despite its functions in plant reproductive development, its targets in rice panicles remain unclear. In this study, we used proteome-wide profiling of lysine ubiquitination in rice (O. sativa ssp. indica) young panicles. We created the largest ubiquitinome dataset in rice to date, identifying 1638 lysine ubiquitination sites on 916 unique proteins. We detected three conserved ubiquitination motifs, noting that acidic glutamic acid (E) and aspartic acid (D) were most frequently present around ubiquitinated lysine. Enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) annotations and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of these ubiquitinated proteins revealed that ubiquitination plays an important role in fundamental cellular processes in rice young panicles. Interestingly, enrichment analysis of protein domains indicated that ubiquitination was enriched on a variety of receptor-like kinases and cytoplasmic tyrosine and serine-threonine kinases. Furthermore, we analyzed the crosstalk between ubiquitination, acetylation, and succinylation, and constructed a potential protein interaction network within our rice ubiquitinome. Moreover, we identified ubiquitinated proteins related to pollen and grain development, indicating that ubiquitination may play a critical role in the physiological functions in young panicles. Taken together, we reported the most comprehensive lysine ubiquitinome in rice so far, and used it to reveal the functional role of lysine ubiquitination in rice young panicles.
Acetylation ; Lysine/metabolism* ; Oryza/metabolism* ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Protein Interaction Maps ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Proteome/metabolism* ; Ubiquitin/metabolism* ; Ubiquitination

Objective:To evaluate the clinical value of sonography based volume computer aided display heart (SonoVCADheart) in the display of key diagnostic elements in basic fetal echocardiographic views.Methods:4D volume data based on fetal four-chamber view of 80 singleton fetuses (including 57 normal fetuses and 23 fetuses with heart abnormalities) were collected by using a volumetric probe from the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine from January 8-22, 2019. Four to five volume datasets based on four-chamber view of the heart were rapidly acquired from each fetus. Three doctors (Doctor A: Engaged in fetal echocardiography diagnosis for more than 15 years, Doctor B and C: 6 months of regular fetal echocardiography training but lack of experience) with different fetal echocardiographic experiences performed off-line processing using SonoVCADheart combined tomographic ultrasound imaging (TUI) at different times to obtain eight standard echocardiographic diagnostic views, and to score the elementary contents of each echocardiographic view. The scores of the same doctor at different times, the scores of less experienced doctors and experienced doctor, and the scores between normal and abnormal fetuses, and the time required for analysis and diagnosis among all doctors were analyzed and compared, respectively. The diagnostic coincidence rates of SonoVCADheart for fetuses with cardiac malformations were also assessed.Results:A total of 279 volume datasets obtained from 57 normal fetuses, an average of 4.89/fetus, and 109 volume datasets obtained from 23 fetuses with cardiovascular abnormalities, an average of 4.74/fetus, and all volume datasets were used for SonoVCADheart analysis. The volume percentage of all the elements in the 8 diagnostic views with image quality≥2 points shown by SonoVCADheart in the normal fetuses was about 70.61%-74.91%, in the abnormal fetuses was about 53.21%-55.96%. There were no significant differences in the scores between the same doctor at different times, the scores between inexperienced doctors, and the scores among experienced and less experienced doctors(all P>0.05). There were significant differences in the scores between normal and abnormal fetuses except for all of the superior and inferior vena cava view and the aorticarch view of doctors A and C(all P<0.05). The time required for experienced doctor A and inexperienced doctors B and C to obtain 8 diagnostic views and to complete the diagnosis was statistically significant ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the time required for the inexperienced doctors B and C to obtain 8 diagnostic sections and to complete the diagnosis ( P>0.05). There was statistically significant difference in the diagnosis time required for doctor A using SonoVCADheart and two-dimensional echocardiography in fetuses with cardiovascular malformations ( P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the time required in the normal fetus between SonoVCADheart and two-dimensional echocardiography ( P>0.05). The diagnostic coincidence rate of SonoVCADheart for fetuses with cardiac malformations is about 89.91%-90.83%. Conclusions:SonoVCADheart is a repeatable and stable novel fetal heart processing tool enabling displaying eight standard diagnostic sections of the fetal heart, and has potential clinical application value in the standardization of image acquisition and sequence display.

Objective: To explore the feasibility of Sonography based Volume Computer Aided Display Heart (SonoVCADheart) in the display of the fetal ventricular outflow views, and compare diameters of fetal aorta (AO) and pulmonary artery (PA) measured by two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and SonoVCADheart. Methods: Eighty singleton fetuses in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy in January 2019 in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine were enrolled. Conventional 2DE examinations were performed. The volume datasets were analyzed offline using the new automatic image processing software SonoVCADheart. The diameters of AO and PA were measured by 2DE and SonoVCADheart, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between the two methods. The consistency of the two methods was verified by Bland-Altman analysis, and he reliability of SonoVCADheart was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Fetal ventricular outflow views were successfully obtained using SonoVCADheart in 73(91.2%) of 80 fetuses. There were good correlations between the two methods for measuring the diameters of AO and PA (r=0.953, 0.971; all P<0.001). The 95% agreement limits of AO and PA were (-0.669, 0.568)mm and (-0.632, 0.580)mm, respectively. ICC demonstrated that SonoVCADheart achieved great repeatability both between and within observers. Conclusions SonoVCADheart may have potentials for the quantitative evaluation of fetal ventricular outflow tracts with its good repeatability and reliability.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) by risk stratification with American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) classification of coronary lesions. Methods: Data used in this study derived from the I-LOVE-IT 2 trial. I-LOVE-IT 2 trial was a prospective, multicenter, randomized, assessor-blinded, noninferiority study. A total of 1 255 patients in I-LOVE-IT 2 trial with only one lesion and underwent biodegradable polymer drug-eluting stent implantation were included and grouped according to ACC/AHA classification of coronary lesions, namely type A/B1 lesion group (n=184), type B2 lesion group (n=457) and type C lesion group (n=614). The primary endpoint was 48-month patient-oriented composite endpoint (PoCE), a composite of all-cause mortality, all myocardial infarction, stroke, and/or any revascularization. The secondary endpoints were target lesion failure (TLF), components of PoCE, major bleeding (bleeding academic research consortium(BARC) type 3-5) and definite/probable stent thrombosis within 48 months. The incidences of endpoint events were compared in the three groups. The multivariable Cox hazard ratio model was used to analyze the independent predictors of PoCE and TLF at 48 months. Results: Incidences of PoCE at 48 months were significantly higher in patients with type C lesion compared with patients with type A/B1 (24.43%(150/614) vs. 14.13%(26/184), P<0.05) or B2 lesion (24.43%(150/614) vs. 15.97%(73/457), P<0.05). The multivariable Cox hazard ratio model showed that the type C lesion were the independent predictors of 48-month PoCE (HR=1.59, 95%CI 1.21-2.08, P<0.001) and TLF (HR=2.31, 95%CI 1.53-3.49, P<0.001). After multivariable adjustment, the HRs of PoCE for patients with type C lesion versus type A/B1 and type B2 were 1.91 (95%CI 1.25-2.92, P=0.003) and 1.64 (95%CI 1.23-2.20, P<0.001), respectively. Meanwhile, the HRs of TLF for patients with type C lesion versus type A/B1 and type B2 were 2.45 (95%CI 1.29-4.64, P=0.006) and 2.55 (95%CI 1.62-4.02, P=0.001), respectively. Conclusions The ACC/AHA classification of coronary lesions has good discrimination with long-term outcomes for CAD patients undergoing PCI. The type C lesion is associated with a worse prognosis, enough attention should be paid in these patients during routine clinical management.

Objective: To explore the value of SYNTAX revascularization index (SRI) on evaluating the long-term prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients implanted with biodegradable polymer drug-eluting stents (BP-DES) and define the best threshold of SRI for predicting all-cause mortality in these patients. Methods: Data used in this study derived from the I-LOVE-IT 2 trial (evaluate safety and effectiveness of the Tivoli DES and the Firebird DES for treatment of coronary). I-LOVE-IT 2 trial was a prospective, multicenter, randomized, assessor-blinded, non-inferiority study. A total of 1 829 patients implanted with BP-DES were divided into 3 groups, namely SRI=100% group (n=963), 50%≤SRI<100% group (n=527) and SRI<50% group (n=339). The primary endpoint was 48-month patient-oriented composite endpoint (PoCE), a composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction(MI), stroke, and/or any revascularization. The secondary endpoints were components of PoCE and definite/probable stent thrombosis at 48 months. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to investigate the best cut-off point of SRI for 48-month all-cause mortality. The Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of the all-cause death and PoCE at 48 months. Results: Incidence of PoCE at 48 months was significantly lower in SRI=100% group than patients with 50%≤SRI<100%(17.34% (167/963) vs. 22.20% (117/527), P<0.05) and SRI<50% (17.34% (167/963) vs. 24.78% (84/339), P<0.05). Comparing with SRI=100% group, the patients with 50%≤SRI<100% suffered higher rates of all MI (7.78% (41/527) vs. 4.26% (41/963), P<0.05) and target vessel MI (6.45% (34/527) vs. 4.26% (41/963), P<0.05); patients with SRI<50% had higher rates of all-cause mortality (5.90% (20/339) vs. 3.12% (30/963), P<0.05) and any revascularization (14.16% (48/339) vs. 3.12% (30/963), P<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the SRI=65% was the best cut-off point to predict the all-cause mortality at 48 months (area under the curve was 0.58, sensitive was 0.47, specificity was 0.70). Meanwhile, SRI<65% was an independent predictor of 48-month all-cause mortality (HR=2.06, 95%CI 1.25-3.38) and PoCE (HR=1.34, 95%CI 1.09-1.66). Conclusions SRI serves as a good index for predicting long-term prognosis and SRI<65% is an independent predictor of 48-month PoCE and all-cause mortality for CAD patients with BP-DES implantation. Meanwhile, SRI≥65% might be a reasonable threshold of incomplete revascularization.

Motor timing is an important part of sensorimotor control. Previous studies have shown that beta oscillations embody the process of temporal perception in explicit timing tasks. In contrast, studies focusing on beta oscillations in implicit timing tasks are lacking. In this study, we set up an implicit motor timing task and found a modulation pattern of beta oscillations with temporal perception during movement preparation. We trained two macaques in a repetitive visually-guided reach-to-grasp task with different holding intervals. Spikes and local field potentials were recorded from microelectrode arrays in the primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, and posterior parietal cortex. We analyzed the association between beta oscillations and temporal interval in fixed-duration experiments (500 ms as the Short Group and 1500 ms as the Long Group) and random-duration experiments (500 ms to 1500 ms). The results showed that the peak beta frequencies in both experiments ranged from 15 Hz to 25 Hz. The beta power was higher during the hold period than the movement (reach and grasp) period. Further, in the fixed-duration experiments, the mean power as well as the maximum rate of change of beta power in the first 300 ms were higher in the Short Group than in the Long Group when aligned with the Center Hit event. In contrast, in the random-duration experiments, the corresponding values showed no statistical differences among groups. The peak latency of beta power was shorter in the Short Group than in the Long Group in the fixed-duration experiments, while no consistent modulation pattern was found in the random-duration experiments. These results indicate that beta oscillations can modulate with temporal interval in their power mode. The synchronization period of beta power could reflect the cognitive set maintaining working memory of the temporal structure and attention.

Objective To explore the value of SYNTAX revascularization index (SRI) on evaluating the long?term prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients implanted with biodegradable polymer drug?eluting stents (BP?DES) and define the best threshold of SRI for predicting all?cause mortality in these patients. Methods Data used in this study derived from the I?LOVE?IT 2 trial (evaluate safety and effectiveness of the Tivoli DES and the Firebird DES for treatment of coronary). I?LOVE?IT 2 trial was a prospective, multicenter, randomized, assessor?blinded, non?inferiority study. A total of 1 829 patients implanted with BP?DES were divided into 3 groups, namely SRI=100% group (n=963), 50%≤SRI<100% group (n=527) and SRI<50% group (n=339). The primary endpoint was 48?month patient?oriented composite endpoint (PoCE), a composite of all?cause mortality, myocardial infarction(MI), stroke, and / or any revascularization. The secondary endpoints were components of PoCE and definite/probable stent thrombosis at 48 months. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to investigate the best cut?off point of SRI for 48?month all?cause mortality. The Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of the all?cause death and PoCE at 48 months. Results Incidence of PoCE at 48 months was significantly lower in SRI=100% group than patients with 50%≤SRI<100%(17.34% (167/963) vs. 22.20% (117/527), P<0.05) and SRI<50% (17.34% (167/963) vs. 24.78% (84/339), P<0.05). Comparing with SRI=100% group, the patients with 50%≤SRI<100% suffered higher rates of all MI (7.78% (41/527) vs. 4.26% (41/963), P<0.05) and target vessel MI (6.45% (34/527) vs. 4.26% (41/963), P<0.05); patients with SRI<50% had higher rates of all?cause mortality (5.90% (20/339) vs. 3.12% (30/963), P<0.05) and any revascularization (14.16% (48/339) vs. 3.12% (30/963), P<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the SRI=65% was the best cut?off point to predict the all?cause mortality at 48 months (area under the curve was 0.58, sensitive was 0.47, specificity was 0.70). Meanwhile, SRI<65% was an independent predictor of 48?month all?cause mortality ( HR=2.06, 95%CI 1.25-3.38) and PoCE ( HR=1.34, 95%CI 1.09-1.66). Conclusions SRI serves as a good index for predicting long?term prognosis and SRI<65% is an independent predictor of 48?month PoCE and all?cause mortality for CAD patients with BP?DES implantation. Meanwhile, SRI≥65% might be a reasonable threshold of incomplete revascularization.