OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of aquaporin 5 (AQP5) on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in Sjögren syndrome (SS) rats. METHODS: The SS gene expression data sets GSE406611 and GSE84844 were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the AQP5 mRNA expression was analyzed by R software. The rat SS model was constructed. The successfully modeled rats were divided into SS group, SS+NC group, and SS+pc group, 10 rats in each group; and 10 rats were set as Normal group. The rats in the SS+NC group were injected with 10 μg of rno-pcDNA3.1-AQP5-NC at the submandibular gland, subcutaneously every day for 28 days. The rats in the SS+pc group were injected with 10 μg of rno-pcDNA3.1-AQP5 at the submandibular gland, subcutaneously every day for 28 days. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was used to detect the content of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the serum. High-throughput sequencing was used to identify the target genes. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of AQP5, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in the rat submandibular gland tissue. RESULTS: In the SS dataset GSE406611 and GSE84844, the mRNA expression of AQP5 in SS was significantly reduced. Compared with the Normal group, the content of TNF-α and IL-1β in the serum, the mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in the SS group were significantly increased, the mRNA and protein expressions of AQP5 were significantly decreased. After overexpression of AQP5, the content of TNF-α and IL-1β in the serum, the mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in the SS+pc group were significantly decreased, the mRNA and protein expressions of AQP5 were significantly increased. The differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The expression of AQP5 is involved in the progression of SS. Increasing the expression of AQP5 can significantly inhibit inflammatory stress and reduce the pathological damage of submandibular gland tissue. This may be related to the inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB conduction.
Animals ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/genetics* ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/genetics* ; Aquaporin 5/metabolism* ; Sjogren's Syndrome/genetics* ; Signal Transduction ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism* ; Female

Objective To investigate changes in gut microbiota during diabetic nephropathy(DN)pro-gression using 16S rDNA sequencing technology.Methods A total of 90 male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal control group(n=10,no modeling,regular feeding)and a model group(diabetes model).The diabetes model was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ)at 60 mg/kg,with regular feeding.According to the feeding time after modeling,the rats were divided into 2-week,4-week,8-week,and 12-week model groups(fed for 2,4,8,and 12 weeks after model establishment),with 20 rats in each group.Blood urea nitrogen(BUN)was measured using the urease method,serum creatinine(Scr)was deter-mined by the picric acid method,and ELISA was used to detect urinary kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1)and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)levels.HE,PAS,and Masson staining were used to observe renal tissue pathological changes.Gut microbiota was collected from the rats,and 16S rDNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the gut microbiota to understand changes in the gut microbiota.Results Compared with the normal control group,the levels of KIM-1 and NGAL in urine of rats in all model groups were significantly increased(P<0.05).Pathological staining results showed that,compared with the normal control group,rats in all model groups exhibited diffuse thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and pathological chan-ges such as local necrosis and vacuolar degeneration in renal tubular epithelial cells.16S rDNA sequencing re-sults indicated that the abundance and structure of intestinal microbiota in rats of all model groups changed.Compared with the normal control group,in the 8-week and 12-week model groups,the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Akkermansia decreased,while the relative abundance of Roseburia,Alloprevotella,Prevotel-laceae-Ga6A1,and Ruminococcaceae UCG-005 increased.Compared with the normal control group,in the 12-week model group,the abundance of Akkermansia decreased and that of Prevotellaceae-NK3B31 increased.Conclusion The abundance and structure of gut microbial community in DN rats under conventional feeding at different time points change significantly,further confirming the"gut-kidney axis"theory.

Objective:To study the risk factors of venous thromboembolism(VTE)and the predictive value of the improved VTE score model to identify the risk of VTE in gynecological surgery patients.Methods:From Janu-ary 1,2020 to December 31,2022,41 patients with VTE after gynecological surgery were selected as the VTE group,and a total of 164 patients with adjacent gynecological surgeries during the same period were selected as the non-VTE group with a ratio of 1 :4.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to ana-lyze the risk factors of VTE after gynecological surgery,and a modified VTE risk factor rapid assessment model(referred to as the improved VTE score model)was constructed.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to study the predictive value for VTE for in gynecological surgery,and compared with the Caprini score model(Caprini table for short).Results:①Multivatiate Logistic regression analysis showed that there were independent risk factors for postoperative VTE in gynecology surgery(OR＞1,P＜0.05),including age≥60 years,BMI≥28 kg/m2,malignant tumors,surgery time＞3 hours,history of thrombosis,and the increased D-di-mer difference before and after surgery.②The Area under Curve(AUC)of ROC was 0.963 in the improved VTE score model with a Youden index 81.10％,sensitivity 87.80％and specificity 93.29％.The AUC of the Caprini score model was 0.888 with Youden index 63.41％,sensitivity 73.17％and specificity 90.24％.The improved VTE score model the Caprini score model identified 92.68％and 85.37％of VTE patients as high-risk or ex-tremely high-risk,respectively,but the difference was not statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusions:More attention should be paid to the six independent risk factors for postoperative VTE in gynecology surgery.The two score models showed a similar identified level.However,the improved VTE score model is more simple and easier to operate,has better practicality,and has certain clinical promotion value.

OBJECTIVE：To investigate the effect of increasing efficacy and decreasing toxicity of Limax extract （LE）on cyclophosphamide（CTX）in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS ：The mice were randomly divided into normal group，model group ，CTX group （0.02 g/kg），LE low-dose ，medium-dose and high-dose groups （LEL，LEM，LEH group ，0.6，1.2，2.4 g/kg），CTX+LE low-dose ，medium-dose and high-dose combination groups （CTX+LEL，CTX+LEM，CTX+ LEH group ，the same dose as single drug group ），with 10 huangrenbin518@163.com mice in each group. Except for normal group ，other groups were inoculated with hepatoma cells H 22 in the left ar mpit to establish tumor bearing models. After 24 h of inoculation ，normal group and model group were intragastrically given normal saline ， and administration groups were intragastrically given corresponding drugs ，once a day ，for 10 days. On the second day after the last administration ，the general conditions of mice in each group were observed ；the body mass ，thymus index （LI），spleen index （SI）were measured ；the tumor inhibition rate was detected. The effect （q）of combination therapy was evaluated by King ’s formula . The counts of WBC ，RBC and PLT ，serum contents of ALT ，ALT，Scr and BUN were detected in model group ，CTX group and combination groups ，and the contents of MDA，SOD and GSH ，the levels of VEGF ，TNF-α and IL-6 in the tumor tissue were detected by colorimetry and ELISA in above groups. The protein expression of oncogenes （p53，Bcl-2 and Bax ）were detected by immunohistochemical method in model group，CTX group and CTX+LEM group. RESULTS ：The mice in the model group were in poor spirit and had symptoms of excessive drinking and eating ；although the body weight ，TI and SI were not significantly abnormal compared with normal group （P＞0.05），WBC count and AST content were significantly increased ，ALT and BUN contents were significantly decreased （P＜ 0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with model group ，above symptoms of mice were all improved in administration groups. The tumor weight of administration groups ，TI and SI of CTX group and TI of combination groups were decreased significantly ，but tumor weight of LEL group and LEH group ，TI and SI of LE single groups and combination groups were significantly higher than CTX group；tumor weight of combination groups were significantly lower than CTX group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The tumor inhibition rates of administration groups were 29.58％-72.08％. The q values of CTX+LEL group ，CTX+LEM group and CTX+LEH group were 1.03，0.97 and 0.86，respectively. Compared with model group ，WBC count ，AST and BUN contents of CTX group ，MDA contents of combination groups ，VEGF，TNF-α and IL-6 levels of administration groups ，the protein expression of Bcl- 2 in CTX group and CTX+LEM group were decreased significantly ；the activities of SOD and GSH of administration groups ，the protein expression of p 53 in CTX+LEM group and Bax in CTX group ，CTX+LEM group were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜ 0.01）；WBC counts and AST contents of administration groups ，ALT content of CTX+LEM group ，SOD activity of CTX+LEH group and GSH activity of CTX+LEM group were all significantly higher than those of CTX group ；MDA content of CTX+LEH group，VEGF and TNF-α levels of CTX+LEM group and CTX+LEH group，IL-6 levels of administration groups were all significantly lower than CTX group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ：LE combined with CTX can increase the anti-tumor effect，and LE can reduce the toxicity of CTX induced immunosuppression and bone marrow suppression in mice ，with effect of increasing efficacy and decreasing toxicity. The effect may be related to antioxidant stress ，inhibition of angiogenesis and secretion of inflammatory factors ，and regulation of apoptosis protein expression.

This article illuminates the status quo, shortcomings and prospects of follow-up visit at home and abroad by retrieving and summarizing the related studies on follow-up visit for enterostomy at home and abroad. It reviews the nurse-led follow-up visit from the perspective of continued nursing care, in order to provide a reference for China to further standardize the follow-up content for patients with enterostomy.

Objective:To evaluate effect of telephone follow-up combined with written instruction on compliance and Helicobacterpylori (H.pylori) eradication in patients with H.pylori infection.Methods:A total of 160 H.pylori positive patients were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group (n=80 in each group).Ml the patients got the guide instruction named the guidance of clinical medication for H.pylori infection patients before the treatment.The patients in the experimental group were added individualized follow-up with telephone.The compliance,eradication ofH.pylori,adverse events,and satisfaction were compared between the 2 groups.Results:The eradication rate of H.pylori in the perprotocol analysis for the experimental group and control group were 64.4％ (47/73) and 56.5％(35/62),respectively (P=0.380),while in the intention-to-treat analysis,the rates were 58.8％ (47/80) and 43.8％ (35/80,P=0.082),respectively.The compliance rate in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (91.3％ vs 77.5％,P＜0.05).There was significant difference in patients' satisfaction in good ones (75.3％ vs 51.6％) and poor ones (5.5％ vs 21.0％) between the 2 groups (P＜0.05).There were 11 patients in the experimental group and 36 patients in the control group,who appeared adverse reactions such as nausea,bad breath,abdominal distention,poor appetite,and defecation habit change during the process of eradicating H.pylori,but the occurrence rate in the experimental group was obviously lower than that in the control group (15.1％ vs 58.1％,P＜0.05).Conclusion:The telephone follow-up cannot increase the H.pylori eradication rate,but it can improve compliance and satisfaction for the patients and relieve adverse effects.

Objective To investigate the clinical curative effect and safety of ultrasound-guided lauromacrogol injection and ethanol injection in treating hepatic hemangiomas.Methods A total of 60 patients with hepatic hemangioma were randomly and equally divided into lauromacrogol group (n=30) and ethanol group (n=30).Ultrasound-guided lauromacrogol injection and ultrasound-guided ethanol injection were performed for the patients of lauromacrogol group and the patients of ethanol group,respectively.The clinical curative effect and the incidence of adverse reaction of the two groups were evaluated,and the results were compared between the two groups.Results No statistically significantly difference in clinical curative effect existed between the two groups (P=0.489,P＞0.05).The incidence of adverse effects in the ethanol group was significantly higher than that in the lauromacrogol group,and the difference was statistically significant (x2=5.963,P=0.03,P＜0.05).Conclusion For the treatment of hepatic hemangiomas,ultrasound-guided lauromacrogol injection carries quite the same curative effect as ultrasound-guided ethanol injection does,but lauromacrogol injection has less untoward effects and lower pain rate,besides,injection of lauromacrogol can be well tolerated by the patients.Therefore,the method of ultrasound-guided lauromacrogol injection is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To discuss effect of mechanical oiling and manual oiling in rust protection of coupling surgical instruments.Methods A total of 68 surgical instruments were divided into observation group and control group,with 34 surgical instruments in each group.The control group was treated with mechanical oiling,and the observation group used manual oiling,cleaning qualified rate,the rust rate after 3 months,lubricant amount and the average cost per month were observed.Results The qualified rate of surgical instruments by visual inspection in the control group was 99.09％,and was 98.77％ by magnifier,and the observation group were 99.23％ and 98.89％,respectively,but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Rust rate after 3 months was 8.94％ in the control group,and was 1.40％ in the observation group,there was significant difference between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Lubricating oil amount and total cost of two groups in the control group were (28 800.00 ±618.96)mL,(12 180.00±256.78) RMB,and were (5 600.00 ±489.71) mL,(2 216.00 ± 189.93) RMB,respectively,in the observation group,and there was significant difference between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with mechanical oiling,manual oiling has better lubrication effect and can significantly reduce cost and corrosion of equipment,improve the maintenance effect,and ensure the quality of disinfection equipment.

Objective To discuss effect of mechanical oiling and manual oiling in rust protection of coupling surgical instruments.Methods A total of 68 surgical instruments were divided into observation group and control group,with 34 surgical instruments in each group.The control group was treated with mechanical oiling,and the observation group used manual oiling,cleaning qualified rate,the rust rate after 3 months,lubricant amount and the average cost per month were observed.Results The qualified rate of surgical instruments by visual inspection in the control group was 99.09％,and was 98.77％ by magnifier,and the observation group were 99.23％ and 98.89％,respectively,but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Rust rate after 3 months was 8.94％ in the control group,and was 1.40％ in the observation group,there was significant difference between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Lubricating oil amount and total cost of two groups in the control group were (28 800.00 ±618.96)mL,(12 180.00±256.78) RMB,and were (5 600.00 ±489.71) mL,(2 216.00 ± 189.93) RMB,respectively,in the observation group,and there was significant difference between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with mechanical oiling,manual oiling has better lubrication effect and can significantly reduce cost and corrosion of equipment,improve the maintenance effect,and ensure the quality of disinfection equipment.

Background and purpose:miR-101 has been reported to be down-regulated in gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer as well as prostate cancer acting as a tumor suppressor gene. However, its function in ovarian cancer is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether miR-101 can suppress cell growth and invasion of ovarian cancer cells by targeting DNMT3A, so as to reveal molecular mechanism to inhibit ovarian cancer. Methods:Quantitative real-time palymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method was employed to detect the expression of miR-101 in ovarian cancer and cancer adjacent normal ovarian tissues. SKOV3 cells were transfected with miR-101 mimics, and DNMT3A siRNA was transfected as a positive control. Then Western blot was used to detect the expres-sion of DNMT3A protein regulated by miR-101 in SKOV3 cells. The growth and invasion ability of SKOV3 cells were evaluated by MTT and Transwell invasion assays.Results:qRT-PCR showed that miR-101 was down-regulated in ovarian cancer tissues. Western blot showed that the level of DNMT3A protein was inhibited by restored miR-101 or knock-down of DNMT3A in SKOV3 cells. Following transfection of miR-101 mimics or knock-down of DNMT3A for 48, 72 and 96 h respectively, MTT assay showed that theD values were signiifcantly lower than the control group, (P<0.05). After transfection of miR-101 mimics or knock-down of DNMT3A for 36 h, Transwell invasion assay showed that the numbers of cells through the basement membrane was (105±7) and (107±13), respectively, which are signiifcantly different from the control group (213±11), indicating invasion of SKOV3 cells signiifcantly slowed down (P<0.05).Conclusion:miR-101 suppresses cell growth and invasion by targeting DNMT3A in ovarian cancer.