Objective To establish an animal model of hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)in Syrian hamsters coinfected with coxsackievirus A6(CVA6)and coxsackievirus B1(CVB1).Methods 42 Syrian hamsters were divided into a CVA6 infection group,CVB1 infection group,CVA6 and CVB1 coinfection group and control group.A HFMD model was established by nasal instillation of virus solution and phosphate-buffered saline.Clinical and physiological indicators and detoxification status were monitored and recorded for 15 d,and animals were selected on day 7(D7)after infection for histopathology and viral antigen and nucleic acid testing.Results Hamsters in the single-infection and coinfection groups showed clinical symptoms similar to human HFMD.White blood cell,neutrophil,and lymphocyte result were characteristic of viral infection.Both viral nucleic acids were detected in throat swabs,feces,blood,and tissues and both viruses were isolated from fecal samples.Pathological damage and positive co-localization of CVA6 and CVB1 viral antigen proteins and nucleic acids were found in brain and other tissues.Conclusions Nasal instillation of a CVA6 and CVB1 mixture can successfully coinfect Syrian hamsters,replicate herpes infection similar to human HFMD,and cause pathological viral myocarditis and encephalitis damage.The result showed that the coinfection group was more seriously affected than the single-infection group,with worse clinical symptoms,increased viral replication,and obvious tissue pathological damage.This study provides a reference for further basic and clinical research into human enterovirus coinfection.

Objective To establish an animal model of hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)in Syrian hamsters coinfected with coxsackievirus A6(CVA6)and coxsackievirus B1(CVB1).Methods 42 Syrian hamsters were divided into a CVA6 infection group,CVB1 infection group,CVA6 and CVB1 coinfection group and control group.A HFMD model was established by nasal instillation of virus solution and phosphate-buffered saline.Clinical and physiological indicators and detoxification status were monitored and recorded for 15 d,and animals were selected on day 7(D7)after infection for histopathology and viral antigen and nucleic acid testing.Results Hamsters in the single-infection and coinfection groups showed clinical symptoms similar to human HFMD.White blood cell,neutrophil,and lymphocyte result were characteristic of viral infection.Both viral nucleic acids were detected in throat swabs,feces,blood,and tissues and both viruses were isolated from fecal samples.Pathological damage and positive co-localization of CVA6 and CVB1 viral antigen proteins and nucleic acids were found in brain and other tissues.Conclusions Nasal instillation of a CVA6 and CVB1 mixture can successfully coinfect Syrian hamsters,replicate herpes infection similar to human HFMD,and cause pathological viral myocarditis and encephalitis damage.The result showed that the coinfection group was more seriously affected than the single-infection group,with worse clinical symptoms,increased viral replication,and obvious tissue pathological damage.This study provides a reference for further basic and clinical research into human enterovirus coinfection.

Objective Airway resistance(R)and lung compliance(C)under non-invasive positive pressure ventilation(NPPV)conditions were measured using a brief pressure release at the end of expiration,and the measurement accuracy was also evaluated.Methods An NPPV respirator was developed by programming a method for calculating R and C.An experimental platform based on the active servo lung ASL5000 was designed.By simulating a healthy adult(R=5 cmH2 O and C=50 mL/cmH2 O,1 cmH2 O=0.098 kPa),an adult patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome(R=10 cmH2 O and C=30 mL/cmH2 O),and an adult patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(R=20 cmH2 O and C=50 mL/cmH2 O),a series of experiments for calculating the R and C were conducted.Results The maximum relative error of R was-12.67%,which occurred in calculating the R of an average adult.The maximum relative error of C was 17.37%,which occurred when calculating the C values of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.Each group of data was analyzed using a paired t-test,which showed statistically significant differences(P>0.05).Conclusions The calculation method for R and C at the end of expiration during NPPV is feasible,and its realization and application will be beneficial for achieving precise and personalized respiratory ventilation.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMI) in different age groups.Methods Patients with middle cerebral artery infarction were analyzed retrospectively.They were divided into a young and middle-aged group (＜ 60 years) and an elderly group (≥60 years).The demography and vascular risk factors,stroke etiologies,baseline blood pressure,drug use before onset and common blood test results in patients with MMI and non-MMI were compared in general cases and each age group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for MMI.ResultsA total of 912 patients with middle cerebral artery infarction were enrolled,including 299 females (32.79％) and 613 males (67.21％);401 young and middle-aged patients (43.97％) and 511 elderly patients (56.03％);159 patients in the MMI group (17.43％),and 753 (82.57％) in the non-MMI group.Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension (odds ratio [OR]6.962,95％ confidence interval [CI] 1.349-35.934;P=0.021) and NIHSS score (OR 1.551,95％ CI 1.384-1.737;P ＜0.001) were the independent risk factors for MMI.Subgroup analysis showed that NIHSS score (OR 1.402,95％ CI 1.239-1.588;P＜0.001) was an independent risk factor for MMI in young and middle-aged patients;hypertension (OR 10.752,95％ CI 1.213-95.295;P =0.033),diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.080,95％ CI 1.002-1.164;P=0.044),and NIHSS score (OR 1.504,95％ CI 1.281-1.765;P＜ 0.001) were the independent risk factor for MMI in the elderly patients,while systolic blood pressure (OR 0.938,95％ CI 0.893-0.986;P =0.011) was an independent protective factor.Conclusions The baseline NIHSS score was an independent risk factor for MMI in each age group.Hypertension and diastolic blood pressure were the independent risk factors for MMI in the elderly patients,while systolic pressure was an independent protective factor.Therefore,timely NIHSS assessment and appropriate hypertension management had important significance for the prevention and treatment of MMI.

Objective To analyze clinicopathologic features of sebaceoma. Methods Clinical, pathologic and immunohistochemical findings from 31 cases of sebaceoma were retrospectively analyzed. The clinicopathologic features of sebaceoma were investigated. Results There were 9 males and 22 females. The patients′ age was 53.90 ± 15.40 years, and the clinical course was 9.41 ± 13.75 years. Sebaceoma predominantly affected the face. The common lesion of sebaceoma was red, yellowish?red, skin?colored or slight brown papules, with no subjective symptoms in most cases. Histopathologically, neoplasms had symmetric structures, and were located in the dermis. Epidermal involvements were found in 9 cases. The neoplasm cells were mainly composed of basaloid cells, a few mature sebocytes and some transition cells. The proportion of mature sebocyts was less than 1%in 26 cases, less than 20%in 2 cases, and 20%-40%in 3 cases. Mitoses were occasionally found in 5 cases. One patient was complicated by eccrine poroma. Varying amounts of ducts were found in all the patients. Immunohistochemical staining showed that epithelial membrane antigen was expressed on ducts and mature sebocytes in all the patients, while epithelial antigen was undetected in any of the patients. Carcinoembryonic antigen, androgen receptor and D2?40 were found in 20, 24 and 28 patients with sebaceoma, respectively. Conclusions The diagnosis of sebaceoma mainly depends on histopathological examination. Combined immunohistochemical detection of epithelial membrane antigen, androgen receptor and D2?40 is beneficial to its differential diagnosis.

Objective To observe the clinical outcome of core decompression combined with autologous concentrated bone mar‐row cell transplantation for treatment of early osteonecrosis of femoral head .Methods Forty six patients (82 hips) included in this retrospective analysis were divided into observation group (30 cases ,44 hips) and the control group (26 cases ,38 hips) .The obser‐vation group were treated by autologous BMMSCs transplantation joint core decompression treatment while control group treated only with core decompression .The therapeutic effect of 2 methods of treatment were summarized by comparing the 2 groups after 3 ,6 ,18 months postoperative with Harris hip score and the imaging changes and necrosis area percentage change degree at 18 months postoperatively .Results The Harris scores of the observation group after operation increased significantly [(88 .24 ± 5 .53) score] ,the excellent and good rate was 84 .09% ;the Harris scores of the control group after operation increased significantly [(75 .48 ± 4 .20)% ] ,the excellent and good rate was 71 .05% ;MRI necrosis area of the observation group after operation reduced gradually[(13 .86 ± 4 .27)% ] and the MRI necrosis area of the control group after operation reduced gradually [(19 .53 ± 5 .29)% ] .There was significant difference between them (P<0 .05) .Harris scores and the imaging changes and necrosis area per‐centage change degree of both group had been improved after the operation (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The core decompression com‐bined with autologous concentrated bone marrow cell transplantation for treatment of early osteonecrosis clinical efficacy might be better than core decompression .

Objective To understand the characteristics and rules of behavior and preliminary study on the change of psychological state and behavior of infant rhesus monkeys after weaning by artificial feed .Methods 290 infant rhesus monkeys were born in 2012, individual behavior of infant rhesus monkeys were observed and recorded by the methods of ad libitum sampling and chronography .Results The behavior of huddling , sucking finger and sucking body of companion were observed in the first month , the behavior of huddling and sucking finger were significantly increased in the second and third month(P <0.05), sucking body of companion in second month were significantly higher than the first month (P <0.05);the new behavior pacing , sucking genitalia and mounting were observed in the second month , pacing and sucking were significantly increased in the third month ( P <0.05 ) , mounting did not have obvious change; in the third month , sucking toe behavior ware recorded and did not change with time; The proportion of huddling behavior occurred between female and female was significantly higher than opposite sex or male in the same cage .The male infant monkeys were more likely to occurred pacing behavior than female .Sucking body of companion and sucking finger behavior of male were significantly lower than the female infant monkeys ( P <0.05 ) .There was no significant difference of sucking toe behavior .Conclusions 7 behaviors were recorded during the whole stage of observation , huddling behavior , pacing behavior , sucking toe behavior , sucking finger behavior , sucking genitalia behavior , sucking body of companion behavior and mounting behavior respectively , and 7 behaviors were increased by degrees with time .Huddling behavior to reflect fear psychology;sucking behavior to represent physiological demand and defensive psychology ;pacing was insignificant behavior in the initial stage , then to reflect psychological anxiety of rhesus monkeys .Provided a way and model on assessment of psychology, praxiology, to study and research the change of psychological state and behavior of early weaning infants .

Objective To report a case of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome,and to make a molecular genetic diagnosis.Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from a 12-month-old child with HutchinsonGilford progeria syndrome,his parents,and 150 unrelated healthy controls.DNA was extracted from these samples,and PCR was performed to amplify exon 11 of the LMNA gene and its flanking sequence followed by sequencing.Results The patient presented with scleroderma-like tight skin on the trunk,hair loss and prominent scalp veins for 9 months,whose body height and weight were two standard deviations below the mean.Physical examination showed thin skin and prominent superficial veins over the scalp.The skin over the trunk was tight,hard,shiny and dry with a small number of tiny scales,mottled pigmentation and hypopigmentation,induration and hypertrophy giving a cobblestone-like appearance.The subcutaneous fat was diminished on the lower limbs.Skeletal X-ray examination of the left hand revealed phalangeal acroosteolysis.A known heterozygous mutation c.1824C ＞ T (dbSNP:rs58596362) was detected in the exon 11 of the LMNA gene in the proband,but not in his parents or the 150 unrelated healthy controls.Conclusion The mutation c.1824C ＞T in the LMNA gene may be responsible for Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome in this patient.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of blood pressure and S-100B, neuron specific enolase (NSE) protein in hypertensive dogs with high fat diet after catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation. METHODS: Twelve Beagles were divided into an interventional group (n=6) and a sham-operation group (n=6). After baseline measurements, the Beagles were fed with lard oil for 3 months. After 3 months, the interventional group had renal sympathetic denervation by percutaneous catheter based radiofrequency ablation and the control group had renal angiography. The blood pressure, plasma S-100B, and NSE before the operation and 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months after the operation were measured. RESULTS: The dogs had significantly higher levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MBP) compared to its baselines (P<0.05). The SBP, DBP and MBP in the interventional group were significantly lower than those in the control group 1 month and 3 months after the operation (P<0.05). Three months after the operation, renal angiography in all dogs revealed no sign of renal artery stenosis. Plasma S-100B and NSE expression in the interventional group were higher than those in the control group 3 days, 1 week and 2 weeks after the operation (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Renal sympathetic denervation can significantly reduce the SBP, DBP and MBP in hypertensive dogs. The plasma S-100B and NSE may be used as indicators for assessment of renal nerve injury after renal sympathetic denervation.
Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Catheter Ablation ; Dogs ; Hypertension ; metabolism ; Kidney ; innervation ; surgery ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; metabolism ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; metabolism ; Sympathectomy

Objective To investigate the relationship between the clinical manifestations,prognosis and histopathological findings of mucormycosis.Methods The clinical data on and pathological findings from 7 cases of mucormycosis confirmed by fungal culture in the institute from 1989 to 2006 were analyzed retrospectively.Results There was 1 case of hinocerebral mucormycosis and 6 cases of cutaneous mucormycosis,among them,2 were mucormycotic necrotizing fasciitis (MNF).The condition of patients with rhinocerebral mucormycosis or MNF aggravated rapidly and all the 3 patients died from mucormycosis. Histopathological examination showed mixed infiltrates of inflammatory cells as well as necrosis and angioin vasion.On the contrary,the condition of the remaining 4 patients with cutanesus mucormycosis,who presented mainly with indurated erythematous patch,progressed slowly,and 2 patients were cured.Histologically,the lesions were characterized by granulbmatous infiltration with a few hyphae;no typical angioinva sion phenomenon was noted.There was no evidence of perineural invasion with hyphae in any of the 7 cases.ConclusionIn patients with mucormycosis,histopathological findings characterized by mixed infiltrates of inflammatory cells,numerous hyphae and typical angioinvasion phenomenon may herald a poor prognosis.